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CN104301973A - Fast association wakeup method of wireless body area network - Google Patents

Fast association wakeup method of wireless body area network Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104301973A
CN104301973A CN201410598609.3A CN201410598609A CN104301973A CN 104301973 A CN104301973 A CN 104301973A CN 201410598609 A CN201410598609 A CN 201410598609A CN 104301973 A CN104301973 A CN 104301973A
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frame
association
nonce
node
hub
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CN201410598609.3A
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CN104301973B (en
Inventor
刘景伟
孙蓉
张建新
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Xidian University
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Xidian University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/04—TPC
    • H04W52/54—Signalisation aspects of the TPC commands, e.g. frame structure
    • H04W52/58—Format of the TPC bits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/02—Power saving arrangements
    • H04W52/0209—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices
    • H04W52/0225—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices using monitoring of external events, e.g. the presence of a signal
    • H04W52/0229—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices using monitoring of external events, e.g. the presence of a signal where the received signal is a wanted signal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a fast association wakeup method of a wireless body area network. The fast association wakeup method of the wireless body area network includes the steps that the frame head, the frame body and the frame tail of a wakeup frame are determined; a unicast wakeup association is adopted and comprises a brand new unicast wakeup frame and a unicast wakeup association mechanism; a multicast wakeup association comprises a multicast wakeup frame, an address index number comparison table and a multicast wakeup association mechanism. Through the method, the needed time from wakeup to MK establishment is shortened, the node awaiting time is shortened, and therefore the node energy loss is reduced to a certain extent, and the method can be used for the association wakeup process of sensing nodes in the wireless body area network.

Description

A kind of method of wireless body area network fast wake-up association
Technical field
The invention belongs to communication technical field, particularly relate to the method for a kind of wireless body area network fast wake-up association.
Background technology
Wireless body area network (WBAN), i.e. Wireless Body Area Network, can be regarded as a kind of special applications of wireless sensor network (WSN), it refers to the wireless network that a series of wireless sensor devices that can dress forms.WBAN, by human body being become a part for communication network, makes people more and more rely on wireless network in daily life, thus is truly achieving ubiquitousization of network.
Human body sensor network is mainly used in the monitoring of patient, the measurement etc. of physiological parameter.Various sensor measurement data are out sent on special monitor or various communication equipment by wireless network transmissions mode.The important application of WBAN in medical treatment & health, makes the importance of WBAN obtain better embodiment.International normal structure Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) has completed the international standard relevant with WBAN and has formulated---IEEE802.15.6.The standards define the connecting technology that a kind of transmission rate reaches as high as 10Mbps, longest distance about 3 meters.Be different from other short distances, low-consumption wireless technology, new standard considers the application on human body or in human body especially.A wireless body area net controller Hub and multiple wireless body area network sensing node BN is comprised at WBAN.BN can be distributed in each corner of organism, and primary responsibility gathers biological information, and the information collected is sent to Hub; Hub is responsible for control BN, sends command information, collects the signal of process sensing node transmission to sensing node.Server is communicated with Hub by transmission network, the various characteristic indexs of real time monitoring human body.
Sensor technology is the important foundation of WBAN, and miniaturization, intellectuality, high accuracy, lower powered various kinds of sensors support the necessary condition of WBAN, and wherein most of transducer is all that dependence is battery powered.For implanted node, the limited energy content of battery needs the work supporting transducer in quite long life cycle, in battery charging or replacing battery, is very difficult.So the power consumption of body area network node is very important performance index.
In the standard 802.15.6 of the WBAN announced at current IEEE, be provided with four kinds of states of node and Hub in the mac layer, be Orphan, Associated, Secured, Connected respectively, experience four kinds of states when node and Hub connect successively and can not state be crossed over.
In Orphan state, node (or Hub) carries out information interaction by security association frame and Hub (or node), realize the foundation of MK and the mutual certification of node and Hub, it is available that security association frame has five kinds of patterns, is the association of MK pre-share, non-authentication association respectively, PKI hides association, password authentication associates and shows authentication associated.MK pre-share association wherein adopts standard-key cryptography, and other four kinds then adopt elliptic curve cryptosystem.The general acquiescence of association request is initiated by node, if MK activates or produces successfully, node and Hub enter NextState, otherwise continue Orphan state.
In Associated state, the MK that node and Hub previous step generate or activate produces PTK by standard-key cryptography.PTK successfully generates posterior nodal point and Hub enters NextState jointly, otherwise continue Associated state, if MK is invalid under Associated state, node can get back to Orphan state, and node (or Hub) can stop current association and current MK by detach request frame and get back to Orphan state.
In Secured state, node is connected by connection request (or connect distribute, tie point distributes frame and sends to node by Hub) frame and Hub, enters final Connected state after connection establishment is successful.If PTK is invalid or Connected_NID loses, then get back to Associated state, current association and current MK can be stopped by detach request frame and get back to Orphan state.
In Connected state, node is being under connection status, saves the Connected_NID of distribution, and one is waken up plan.Node and Hub can transmit and anyly ensure safe frame, in.If MK loss or invalid in the process that PTK regenerates, node can get back to Orphan state.If their PTK loss or invalid, node and Hub need to get back to Associated state.Current association and current MK can be stopped by detach request frame and get back to Orphan state.Current connection can be stopped by disconnecting frame and get back to Associated state.
Because WBAN requires very harsh to the consumption of power, so IEEE802.15.6 defines the node being in Connected state carries out cycle sleeping/waking according to the regulation waken up in tactful territory in connection request (or connecting distribution) frame, to save energy.For the node be under Orphan state, its processor is operated in low-power mode, waits for that Wakeup or the T-Poll frame of Hub wakes up to enter mode of operation.By the research to current I EEE802.15.6 standard, wake strategy up and wake the node being in Orphan state up and there will be following problem.
1. non-authentication association, PKI hidden to association, password authentication association and shown authentication associated, needing first to send wake-up signal, then initiate association request by node, complete the negotiation of MK and the mutual certification with Hub.Said process is more loaded down with trivial details, can cause power loss to a certain degree.
2. when distribution GTK, Hub and multiple node can be needed simultaneously to carry out association process, be not described in detail in IEEE802.15.6 standard, if still adopt the interrelational form of single order, the time course that node is waited for can be caused, thus cause the waste of node energy.
Summary of the invention
The object of the embodiment of the present invention is a kind of method providing wireless body area network fast wake-up to associate, and what the method being intended to solve the association of existing wireless body area network fast wake-up existed carry out between Hub and node wakes and set up the tediously long and complicated problem of time in MK process and step up.
The embodiment of the present invention is achieved in that a kind of method that wireless body area network fast wake-up associates, and the method for this wireless body area network fast wake-up association comprises frame head, frame and the postamble of determining to wake up frame; Adopt clean culture to wake association up and comprise brand-new clean culture Wakeup frame and clean culture wakes relation mechanism up; Multicast wakes association up and comprises multicast Wakeup frame, and the allocation index table of comparisons and multicast wake relation mechanism up.
Further, the frame head waking frame up comprises FC, HID/NID, BAN ID, and wherein FC is that frame head controls, and comprises the frame control informations such as protocol version, Ack strategy, level of security, frame type, the type arranging frame in frame controls is Control Cooling, and subtype is Wakeup frame; HID/NID is the address shorten code of Hub and BN, for the reception of frame data; BAN ID is the shortening address of the body area network of work at present, for marking the body area network residing for these frame data.
Further, step 2, wakes frame up and comprises Add_a, Add_b, SSS, Asso_ctrl, SAD; Wherein Add_a is that Hub requires to carry out with it the BN node address of certification or the address search code of BN, the M=6 byte when clean culture, the variable size of M during multicast; Add_b is the Hub address that current transmission wakes correlation signal up; SSS is that safe socket character selects territory, a series of for the information needed for security association for determining current security association agreement, level of security, frame certification control, cipher function; Asso_ctrl is that security association controls, and comprises relating sequence number and association status; SAD is security association data, comprises the PKI of Hub and the random number N once_b of current Hub generation, 0 ~ (2 128-1) random selecting in, for the certification work after waking up.
Further, wake postamble up and be made up of FCS, adopt cyclic redundancy sequence CRC check;
Further, unicast association process specifically comprises:
Step one, Hub according to present communications need SSS, Asso_ctrl territory is set for corresponding value, select the private key SK of oneself b, calculate PK b=SK b× G, structure Wakeup frame; After transmission Wakeup frame, send T-Poll frame to node;
Step 2, after node receives and wakes frame up, obtains the configuration information of this association and the PKI PK of Hub b, then select the private key SK of oneself alength is 256 bits, calculates PKI PK a=SK a× G, after calculating PKI, node calculates the PKI based on password again, PK a'=PK a-Q (PW), wherein Q (PW)=(Q x, Q y), Q x=2 32× PW+M x.Node calculates according to the Nonce_a of the Nonce_b in the Wakeup frame received and self selection:
KMAC_1A＝CMAC(Temp_1,Add_a||Add_b||Nonce_a||Nonce_b||SSS,64)
KMAC_2A＝CMAC(Temp_1,Add_b||Add_a||Nonce_b||Nonce_a||SSS,64)
；
Node utilizes the information PK of above-mentioned calculating a', KMAC_2A constructs the first association request frame, and sends to Hub;
Step 3, after Hub receives the first association request frame, first restores the PKI PK of present node a=PK a'+Q (PW), Q (PW)=(Q x, Q y), Q x=2 32× PW+M x; M xfor making Q xmeet the minimum nonnegative integer of the point on elliptic curve; Calculate DHKey=X (SK b× PK a)=X (SK a× SK b× G), X () function is the X-coordinate value of getting elliptic curve key here, Temp_1=RMB_128 (DHKey), calculates according to the information received and the information calculated:
KMAC_1B＝CMAC(Temp_1,Add_a||Add_b||Nonce_a||Nonce_b||SSS,64)
KMAC_2B＝CMAC(Temp_1,Add_b||Add_a||Nonce_b||Nonce_a||SSS,64)
Contrast the KMAC_2A received and the KMAC_2B calculated, if the same continue structure second association request frame according to KMAC_1B and enter the step 5 that this associates request, if difference, cancel this association request;
Step 4, node receives the second association request frame, contrasts the KMAC_1A calculated in step 2 and the KMAC_1B received, if difference, cancels this association request, if the same enters the step 5 of this association;
Step 5, node and Hub calculate MK=CMAC (Temp_2, Nonce_a||Nonce_b, 128), here Temp_2=LMB (DHKey), are the most left 128 of DHKey; Both sides complete and wake association up.
Further, multicast association process specifically comprises:
Step one, Hub according to present communications need the private key SK that SSS, Asso_ctrl territory is corresponding value selection oneself is set b, calculate PK b=SK b× G; The Wakeup frame of structure broadcast, and broadcast T-Poll frame, until receive all the first association request frame needing the node of communication to send;
Step 2, after certain node i receives Wakeup frame, according to address choice private key SK ai, calculate PKI PK ai=SK ai× G, calculates the PKI based on password, PK ai'=PK ai-Q (PW i), Q (PW i)=(Q x, Q y); Q x=2 32× PW i+ M x; Select random number N once_a i, calculate DHKey=X (SK ai× PK b)=X (SK ai× SK b× G), Temp_1=RMB_128 (DHKey), node is according to the Wakeup frame information received and the Nonce_a self selected icalculate:
KMAC_1A＝CMAC(Temp_1,Add_a i||Add_b||Nonce_a i||Nonce_b||SSS,64)
KMAC_2A＝CMAC(Temp_1,Add_b||Add_a i||Nonce_b||Nonce_a i||SSS,64)
This node utilizes the PK calculated ai', KMAC_2A constructs the first association request frame and sends;
Step 3, first Hub restores the PKI of the i-th node: PK after receiving the first association request frame of the i-th node ai=PK ai'+Q (PW i), Q (PW i)=(Q x, Q y), Q x=2 32× PW i+ M x, Q yfor positive even numbers; Calculate DHKey=X (SK b× PK ai)=X (SK ai× SK b× G), Temp_1=RMB_128 (DHKey), calculates according to the information received and the information calculated:
KMAC_1B＝CMAC(Temp_1,Add_a i||Add_b||Nonce_a i||Nonce_b||SSS,64)
KMAC_2B＝CMAC(Temp_1,Add_b||Add_a i||Nonce_b||Nonce_a i||SSS,64)
Contrast the KMAC_2A received and the KMAC_2B calculated, if the same continue structure second association request frame according to KMAC_1B, if difference, cancel this association request, after sending the second association request frame, Hub calculates MK i=CMAC (Temp_2, Nonce_a i|| Nonce_b, 128) be the master key of Hub and the i-th node;
Step 4, the i-th node receives the second association request frame, contrasts the KMAC_1A calculated in step 2 and the KMAC_1B received, if difference, cancels this association request, if identical calculations MK i=CMAC (Temp_2, Nonce_a i|| Nonce_b, 128) be the master key of the i-th node and Hub.
Further, the method interior joint of this wireless body area network fast wake-up association is all be in notconnect state.
The method of wireless body area network fast wake-up provided by the invention association, adopts clean culture to wake association up and comprises brand-new clean culture Wakeup frame and clean culture wakes relation mechanism up; Multicast wakes association up and comprises multicast Wakeup frame, and the allocation index table of comparisons and multicast wake relation mechanism up.The present invention reduces the transmission of frame in association process, save the energy loss in data transmission procedure.Present invention achieves wireless body area network sensing node while being waken up safely, start association, decrease and set up the required frame number transmitted from waking up to MK, reduce the time that node is waited for; Hide with PKI in IEEE802.15.6 standard and be associated as example, in whole association process, need the data of transmission 4480 bit, need the Frame switch of 5 times.Need the data of transmission 3112 bit in the present invention, need 3 Frame switch, with PKI hide associate compared with save transfer of data and reach 30% and the transmission decreasing 2 frame data.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the method flow diagram of the wireless body area network fast wake-up association that the embodiment of the present invention provides;
Fig. 2 is the Wakeup frame structure schematic diagram that the embodiment of the present invention provides;
Fig. 3 is that the clean culture that the embodiment of the present invention provides wakes association process flow chart up;
Fig. 4 is the allocation index number contrast chart that the embodiment of the present invention provides;
Fig. 5 is that the multicast that the embodiment of the present invention provides wakes association process flow chart up.
Embodiment
In order to make object of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearly understand, below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explain the present invention, be not intended to limit the present invention.
Below in conjunction with drawings and the specific embodiments, application principle of the present invention is further described.
As shown in Figure 1, the method for the wireless body area network fast wake-up association of the embodiment of the present invention comprises the following steps:
S101: determine to wake up the frame head of frame, frame and postamble;
S102: adopt clean culture to wake association up and comprise brand-new clean culture Wakeup frame and clean culture wakes relation mechanism up;
S103: multicast wakes association up and comprises multicast Wakeup frame, and the allocation index table of comparisons and multicast wake relation mechanism up.
The present invention specifically comprises the following steps:
The first step, designs the Wakeup frame structure of body area network:
Step one, the frame head waking frame up comprises FC (Frame Control), HID/NID (Hub/Node Identifier), BAN ID (BAN Identifier), wherein FC is that frame head controls, comprise the frame control informations such as protocol version, Ack strategy, level of security, frame type, the type that can arrange frame in frame controls is Control Cooling, and subtype is Wakeup frame; HID/NID is the address shorten code of Hub and BN, for the reception of frame data; BAN ID is the shortening address of the body area network of work at present, for marking the body area network residing for these frame data;
Step 2, wakes frame up and comprises Add_a (Recipient Address), Add_b (Sender Address), SSS (Security Suite Selector), Asso_ctrl (Association Control), SAD (Security Association Data); Wherein Add_a is that Hub requires to carry out with it the BN node address of certification or the address search code of BN, the M=6 byte when clean culture, the variable size of M during multicast; Add_b is the Hub address that current transmission wakes correlation signal up; SSS is that safe socket character selects territory, a series of for the information needed for security association for determining current security association agreement, level of security, frame certification control, cipher function etc.; Asso_ctrl is that security association controls, and comprises relating sequence number and association status; SAD is security association data, comprises the PKI of Hub and the random number N once_b of current Hub generation here, 0 ~ (2 128-1) random selecting in, for the certification work after waking up;
Step 3, wakes postamble up and is made up of FCS, adopts cyclic redundancy sequence CRC check;
Second step, unicast association process:
Step one, Hub according to present communications need SSS, Asso_ctrl territory is set for corresponding value, select the private key SK of oneself b, calculate PK b=SK b× G, structure Wakeup frame; After transmission Wakeup frame, send T-Poll frame to node;
Step 2, after node receives and wakes frame up, obtains the configuration information of this association and the PKI PK of Hub b, then select the private key SK of oneself alength is 256 bits, calculates PKI PK a=SK a× G, after calculating PKI, node calculates the PKI based on password again, PK a'=PK a-Q (PW), Q (PW)=(Q x, Q y), Q x=2 32× PW+M x; Node calculates according to the Nonce_a of the Nonce_b in the Wakeup frame received and self selection:
KMAC_1A＝CMAC(Temp_1,Add_a||Add_b||Nonce_a||Nonce_b||SSS,64)
KMAC_2A＝CMAC(Temp_1,Add_b||Add_a||Nonce_b||Nonce_a||SSS,64)
；
Utilize the information PK of above-mentioned calculating a', KMAC_2A constructs the first association request frame, and sends to Hub;
Step 3, after Hub receives the first association request frame, first restores the PKI PK of present node a=PK a'+Q (PW), Q (PW)=(Q x, Q y), Q x=2 32× PW+M x; M xfor making Q xmeet the minimum nonnegative integer of the point on elliptic curve; Calculate DHKey=X (SK b× PK a)=X (SK a× SK b× G), X () function is the X-coordinate value of getting elliptic curve key here, Temp_1=RMB_128 (DHKey), calculates according to the information received and the information calculated:
KMAC_1B＝CMAC(Temp_1,Add_a||Add_b||Nonce_a||Nonce_b||SSS,64)
KMAC_2B＝CMAC(Temp_1,Add_b||Add_a||Nonce_b||Nonce_a||SSS,64)
Contrast the KMAC_2A received and the KMAC_2B calculated, if the same continue structure second association request frame according to KMAC_1B and enter the step 5 that this associates request, if difference, cancel this association request;
Step 4, node receives the second association request frame, contrasts the KMAC_1A calculated in step 2 and the KMAC_1B received, if difference, cancels this association request, if the same enters the step 5 of this association;
Step 5, node and Hub calculate MK=CMAC (Temp_2, Nonce_a||Nonce_b, 128), here Temp_2=LMB (DHKey), are the most left 128 of DHKey; Both sides complete and wake association up;
3rd step, multicast association process:
Step one, Hub according to present communications need SSS, Asso_ctrl territory is set for corresponding value, select the private key SK of oneself b, calculate PK b=SK b× G; The Wakeup frame of structure broadcast, and broadcast T-Poll frame, until receive all the first association request frame needing the node of communication to send;
Step 2, after certain node i receives Wakeup frame, according to address choice private key SK ai, calculate PKI PK ai=SK ai× G, calculates the PKI based on password, PK ai'=PK ai-Q (PW i), Q (PW i)=(Q x, Q y); Q x=2 32× PW i+ M x; Select random number N once_a i, calculate DHKey=X (SK ai× PK b)=X (SK ai× SK b× G), Temp_1=RMB_128 (DHKey), node is according to the Wakeup frame information received and the Nonce_a self selected icalculate:
KMAC_1A＝CMAC(Temp_1,Add_a i||Add_b||Nonce_a i||Nonce_b||SSS,64)
KMAC_2A＝CMAC(Temp_1,Add_b||Add_a i||Nonce_b||Nonce_a i||SSS,64)
This node utilizes the PK calculated ai', KMAC_2A constructs the first association request frame and sends;
Step 3, first Hub restores the PKI of the i-th node: PK after receiving the first association request frame of the i-th node ai=PK ai'+Q (PW i), Q (PW i)=(Q x, Q y), Q x=2 32× PW i+ M x, Q yfor positive even numbers; Calculate DHKey=X (SK b× PK ai)=X (SK ai× SK b× G), Temp_1=RMB_128 (DHKey), calculates according to the information received and the information calculated:
KMAC_1B＝CMAC(Temp_1,Add_a i||Add_b||Nonce_a i||Nonce_b||SSS,64)
KMAC_2B＝CMAC(Temp_1,Add_b||Add_a i||Nonce_b||Nonce_a i||SSS,64)
Contrast the KMAC_2A received and the KMAC_2B calculated, if the same continue structure second association request frame according to KMAC_1B, if difference, cancel this association request, after sending the second association request frame, Hub calculates MK i=CMAC (Temp_2, Nonce_a i|| Nonce_b, 128) be the master key of Hub and the i-th node;
Step 4, the i-th node receives the second association request frame, contrasts the KMAC_1A calculated in step 2 and the KMAC_1B received, if difference, cancels this association request, if identical calculations MK i=CMAC (Temp_2, Nonce_a i|| Nonce_b, 128) be the master key of the i-th node and Hub.
Operation principle of the present invention:
Present invention achieves wireless body area network sensing node while being waken up safely, start association, shortening the time from waking up to needed for MK foundation, reducing the time that node is waited for; The interrelational form of Hub and multiple node is designed simultaneously; Devise brand-new wake-up signal and new relation mechanism, Hub, when starting set up WBAN network or need to communicate with the node not being in Connected state, can need to wake up node for this reason; Wake operation is realized by frame Wakeup and T-Poll of Control Cooling, and the method that both can be used to combine, also can be used alone T-Poll method; Specify to wake node up by Wakeup frame in IEEE802.15.6, distribute the exchange of time slot for Associated frame by T-Poll; The mode using Wakeup and T-Poll to combine in the present invention carries out above-mentioned wake operation.
Specific embodiments of the invention:
The present invention proposes and a kind ofly fast and safely wake relation mechanism up based on body area network, while being waken up safely, association is started to realize wireless body area network sensing node, shorten the time from waking up to needed for MK foundation, reduce the time that node is waited for, the interrelational form of Hub and multiple node is designed simultaneously; In the present invention, the node of body area network is all be in notconnect state.
Hub, when starting set up WBAN network or need to communicate with the node not being in Connected state, can need to wake up node.Wake operation is realized by frame Wakeup and T-Poll of Control Cooling, and the method that both can be used to combine, also can be used alone T-Poll method.Specify to wake node up by Wakeup frame in IEEE802.15.6, distribute the exchange of time slot for Associated frame by T-Poll.The mode using Wakeup and T-Poll to combine in the present invention carries out above-mentioned wake operation.
Waking up on frame basis at IEEE802.15.6, devises brand-new Wakeup frame; The association clean culture frame structure that wakes up of this design is described with reference to Fig. 2;
Frame head:
FC (Frame Control): frame head controls, and comprises the frame control informations such as protocol version, Ack strategy, level of security, frame type, the type that can arrange frame in frame controls is Control Cooling, and subtype is Wakeup frame;
HID/NID (Hub/Node Identifier): the address shorten code being respectively Hub and BN, for the reception of frame data;
BAN ID (BAN Identifier): be the shortening address of the body area network of work at present, for marking the body area network residing for these frame data;
Frame: length is the longest is pMaxFrameBodyLength, according to IEEE802.15.6 regulation, is 255 bytes;
Add_a (Recipient Address): for Hub requires to carry out with it the BN node address of certification or the address search code of BN, the M=6 byte when clean culture, the variable size of M during multicast;
Add_b (Sender Address): for current transmission wakes the Hub address of correlation signal up;
SSS (Security Suite Selector): safe socket character selects territory, a series of for the information needed for security association for determining current security association agreement, level of security, frame certification control, cipher function etc.;
Asso_ctrl (Association Control): security association controls, comprises relating sequence number and association status;
SAD (Security Association Data): security association data, comprises the PKI of Hub and the random number of current Hub generation here, 0 ~ (2 128-1) random selecting in, for the certification work after waking up;
Postamble:
FCS: for frame detects sequence, adopt cyclic redundancy sequence CRC check;
After completing the design waking frame up, being optimized, being associated as example with password authentication to the unicast association process that IEEE802.15.6 specifies, is that Hub and node will share PW (Pass Word), i.e. user password in the prerequisite of carrying out associating; Hereinafter carry out detailed discussion with reference to Fig. 3, specifically comprise:
The first step, initialization, Hub according to present communications need SSS, Asso_ctrl territory is set for corresponding value; Hub selects its private key SKb length to be 256 bits, calculates PKI PK b=SK b× G, the wherein basic point of elliptic curve of G=(Gx, Gy) for specifying in IEEE802.15.6, wherein Gx=6b17d1f2e12c4247f8bce6e563a440f277037d812deb33a0f4a13 945d898c296; Gy=4fe342e2fe1a7f9b8ee7eb4a7c0f9e162bce33576b315ececbb64 06837bf51f5,
× be scalar multiplication based on this elliptic curve; Hub is 0 ~ (2 128-1) select a random number N once_b, SAD territory is set and constructs above-mentioned Wakeup frame; After transmission Wakeup frame, Hub will send T-Poll frame to node, and T-Poll frame is for the exchange of disassociation frame distributes time slot; In the present invention, if Hub does not receive the first disassociation frame, then can send T-Poll frame, until receive the first disassociation frame always;
Second step, after node receives and wakes frame up, first stores and wakes frame up, if be not the address of oneself in Add_a, then keep present state not make and change; If be the address of oneself in Add_a, then processor enters operating state; What node taking-up stored wakes frame up, the information in SSS, Asso_ctrl, SAD territory is wherein taken out, and obtains configuration information of this association and the PKI PK of Hub bselect, then select the private key SK of oneself alength is 256 bits, calculates PKI PK a=SK a× G, wherein G is that the basic point of the elliptic curve specified in IEEE802.15.6 is identical with the selection of node, × be scalar multiplication based on this elliptic curve, after calculating PKI, node calculates the PKI based on password again,
PK a'＝PK a-Q(PW)；
Q(PW)＝(Q X，Q Y)；
Q x=2 32× PW+M x, Q yfor positive even numbers;
M xfor making Q xmeet the minimum nonnegative integer of the point on elliptic curve;
After calculating completes, if PK a' effectively, then upgrade the PKI PK of present node a, select random number N once_a, calculate X (), X () function is the X-coordinate value of getting elliptic curve key here; Temp_1=RMB_128 (DHKey), is the rightest 128 of DHKey; Node calculates according to the Nonce_a of the Nonce_b in the Wakeup frame received and self selection:
KMAC_1A＝CMAC(Temp_1,Add_a||Add_b||Nonce_a||Nonce_b||SSS,64)
KMAC_2A＝CMAC(Temp_1,Add_b||Add_a||Nonce_b||Nonce_a||SSS,64)
Node utilizes the information PKa of above-mentioned calculating, KMAC_2A constructs the first association request frame; This frame is IEEE802.15.6 specified standard claim frame; If node will abandon this association for a certain reason, then need the association status option arranged in the association control domain of association request frame, the length of this option is a byte, and decimal value 0 representative adds current association; 1 representative is selected different due to SSS territory and abandons association; 2 representatives lack the security documents of needs and abandon association; 3 represent Current resource deficiency and abandon association; 4 representatives are subject to keeper or possessory security strategy option limits and abandons association; 5-15 retains; So node will abandon this association, still need transmission first association request frame, and fill in corresponding association status option by above-mentioned requirements; The time slot that the T-Poll frame that will send according to Hub when transmission the first association request frame distributes carries out frame transmission;
3rd step, after Hub receives the first association request frame, first restore the PKI of present node:
PK a＝PK a'+Q(PW)；
Q(PW)＝(Q X，Q Y)；
Q x=2 32× PW+M x, Q yfor positive even numbers;
M xfor making Q xmeet the minimum nonnegative integer of the point on elliptic curve;
Calculate DHKey=X (SK b× PK a)=X (SK a× SK b× G), X () function is the X-coordinate value of getting elliptic curve key here, Temp_1=RMB_128 (DHKey), calculates according to the information received and the information calculated:
KMAC_1B＝CMAC(Temp_1,Add_a||Add_b||Nonce_a||Nonce_b||SSS,64)
KMAC_2B＝CMAC(Temp_1,Add_b||Add_a||Nonce_b||Nonce_a||SSS,64)
Contrast the KMAC_2A received and the KMAC_2B calculated, if the same continue structure second association request frame and enter the 5th step that this associates request, if difference, cancel this association request, association status option is set with node similar same needs; According to SSS, Asso_ctrl of selecting in a first step, fill random number N once_b, Hub PKI in SAD territory, and KMAC_1B constructs the second association request frame, this frame is IEEE802.15.6 specified standard claim frame;
4th step, node receives the second association request frame, contrasts the KMAC_1A calculated in second step and the KMAC_1B received, if difference, cancels this association request, if the same enters the 5th step of this association;
5th step: node and Hub calculate MK=CMAC (Temp_2, Nonce_a||Nonce_b, 128), here Temp_2=LMB (DHKey), is the most left 128 of DHKey;
Step above completes Hub in the case of unicast and wakes association process up to node, and simplifies the key agreement of both sides and verification process; To be described multicast association process below.
In the process of multicast, Hub needs to issue GTK participates in communication process node to each, but issuing of GTK needs Hub to share a PTK with each node participating in communicating in IEEE802.15.6, and the generation of PTK is the prerequisite that exists for MK; So Hub needs to associate with multiple node, to activate or to produce the MK between them in multicast process; If employing order wakes interrelational form up, very large network delay and the waits for too long of node can be caused; So adopt the form of multicast Wakeup frame to carry out waking association up, by in the reception ID territory in the Wakeup frame head that the present invention discusses, ID being set to Multicast_NID, with regard to needing, Add_a being put in all addresss of node of communication that needs according to Wakeup frame of the present invention; If adopt the geocoding mode of EUI-48, this can cause the great expense incurred of wake-up signal; So redesign the address of BN during multicast;
To the mode of index be adopted in the present invention, by BN by address and index one to one mode carry out geocoding; According to the regulation in IEEE802.15.6 standard, the maximum number of each WBAN interior joint is 64, so adopt 6 bits to represent, allocation index code is just enough, represents the address of the EUI-48 type of WBAN interior joint; BN address of node index code correspondence table is sent to node when building network by Hub, and node stores; Hub has BN address of node index code correspondence table, when structure wakes frame up, needs in allocation index code corresponding for node address write Add_a; After node receives the wake-up signal of multicast, whether there is the index code of oneself in the allocation index code correspondence table search Add_a stored according to self, if had, respond this and wake frame up, if not, do not respond and continue to keep resting state;
Complete address above mentioned corresponding process, referring to Fig. 5 up being described of association waken to multicast, specifically comprise:
The first step, initialization, Hub according to present communications need SSS, Asso_ctrl territory is set for corresponding value; Hub selects its private key SK b, calculate PKI PK b=SK b× G, wherein G is the basic point of the elliptic curve specified in IEEE802.15.6, × be scalar multiplication based on this elliptic curve; Hub is 0 ~ (2 128-1) selecting a random number N once_b, when arranging Add_a territory, according to the allocation index mode of the present invention's definition, writing Add_a by needing the address of node index code of communication according to sequencing; SAD territory is set and constructs above-mentioned Wakeup frame; While transmission Wakeup frame, Hub will send T-Poll frame to node, and T-Poll frame is for the exchange of disassociation frame distributes time slot; Here T-Poll frame is the frame of broadcast type, and namely the reception ID of frame head is Unconnected_Broadcast_NID, and all nodes do not connected all can receive this T-Poll frame, and T-Poll frame is for the exchange of disassociation frame distributes time slot; Until receive the first association request frame that all nodes send, Hub just can go off the air T-Poll frame;
Second step, the i-th node, wherein, the span of i is 1 ~ n, n is the interstitial content that current Hub needs to communicate with it, receives after multicast wakes frame up, then thinks that the Add_a territory of waking frame up is filled according to allocation index code; So Nodes Retrieval Add_a territory;
If there is oneself address search code in Add_a territory, then enter mode of operation, restore Self address Add_a according to address reference table i, here node calculate method be identical during clean culture, first select private key SK ai, calculate PKI and calculate PKI PK ai=SK ai× G, wherein G is the basic point of the elliptic curve specified in IEEE802.15.6, × be scalar multiplication based on this elliptic curve, secondly calculate the PKI based on password,
PK ai'＝PK ai-Q(PW i)；
Q(PW i)＝(Q X，Q Y)；
Q x=2 32× PW i+ M x, Q yfor positive even numbers;
MX is the minimum nonnegative integer making QX meet the point on elliptic curve;
After calculating completes, if PK ai' effectively, then upgrade the PKI PK of present node ai, select random number N once_a i, calculate DHKey=X (SK ai× PK b)=X (SK ai× SK b× G), X () function is the X-coordinate value of getting elliptic curve key here; Temp_1=RMB_128 (DHKey), is the rightest 128 of DHKey; Node is according to the Wakeup frame information received and the Nonce_a self selected icalculate:
KMAC_1A＝CMAC(Temp_1,Add_a i||Add_b||Nonce_a i||Nonce_b||SSS,64)
KMAC_2A＝CMAC(Temp_1,Add_b||Add_a i||Nonce_b||Nonce_a i||SSS,64)
Node utilizes information structuring first association request frame of above-mentioned calculating; This frame is IEEE802.15.6 specified standard claim frame; If node will abandon this association for a certain reason, then need the association status option arranged in the association control domain of association request frame, the length of this option is a byte, and decimal value 0 representative adds current association; 1 representative is selected different due to SSS territory and abandons association; 2 representatives lack the security documents of needs and abandon association; 3 represent Current resource deficiency and abandon association; 4 representatives are subject to keeper or possessory security strategy option limits and abandons association; 5-15 retains; So node will abandon association request, still need transmission first association request frame, and fill in corresponding association status option by above-mentioned requirements; The time slot that will distribute according to the T-Poll frame of Hub broadcast when transmission the first association request frame carries out the transmission of frame;
If there is no oneself address search code in Add_a territory, then do not do response and continue low-power mode;
3rd step, first Hub restores the PKI of the i-th node after receiving the first association request frame of the i-th node:
PK ai＝PK ai'+Q(PW i)；
Q(PW i)＝(Q X，Q Y)；
Q x=2 32× PW i+ M x, Q yfor positive even numbers;
Calculate DHKey=X (SK b× PK ai)=X (SK ai× SK b× G), X () function is the X-coordinate value of getting elliptic curve key here, Temp_1=RMB_128 (DHKey), calculates according to the information received and the information calculated:
KMAC_1B＝CMAC(Temp_1,Add_a i||Add_b||Nonce_a i||Nonce_b||SSS,64)
KMAC_2B＝CMAC(Temp_1,Add_b||Add_a i||Nonce_b||Nonce_a i||SSS,64)
Contrast the KMAC_2A received and the KMAC_2B calculated, if the same continue structure second association request frame, if difference, cancel this association request; According to SSS, Asso_ctrl of selecting in a first step, fill random number N once_b, Hub PKI in SAD territory, and KMAC_1B, this frame is IEEE802.15.6 specified standard claim frame; After the second claim frame sends, Hub calculates MK i=CMAC (Temp_2, Nonce_a i|| Nonce_b, 128) for Hub and the i-th node master key and store according to concordance list; Hub can detect the first association request frame of other nodes simultaneously when associating with current i-th node, will store after receiving request, is terminating the MK of present node iafter respond;
4th step, the i-th node receives the second association request frame, contrasts the KMAC_1A calculated in second step and the KMAC_1B received, if difference, cancels this association request, if identical calculations MK i=CMAC (Temp_2, Nonce_a i|| Nonce_b, 128) be the master key of the i-th node and Hub;
Said process completes the secure association procedure to Hub and multiple node under multicast case, creates corresponding MK, and on the basis of shared MK, Hub and node can generate PTK, utilize PTK to issue GTK;
The present invention is compared with the prior art following advantage:
Below by 802.15.6 and this programme wake up frame length, clean culture and multicast time the establishment step of MK and the energy that consumes of transmission in contrast:
Wake up frame length, clean culture and multicast time MK establishment step:
1. the Wakeup frame in 802.15.6 standard redesigns by the present invention, adds SSS, Asso_ctrl, the Nonce needed for association request and PKI in frame; After improving Wakeup frame, although frame length is elongated, in associated steps, do not need original the first required disassociation frame of 802.15.6; So frame length is also being the reduction of on the whole;
2. the present invention is by above-mentioned Wakeup frame, simplifies the step of association process in body area network; In 802.15.6 standard, need to carry out at least five steps to setting up MK from waking up nodes, and only need three steps just passable from waking up nodes to setting up MK in the present invention;
3. the present invention also simplifies the association process in 802.15.6 standard during multicast; In a standard, when carrying out multi-casting communication, Hub can wake the node needing communication successively up, then sets up MK carrying out association process; The present invention devises brand-new multicast and wakes association up, sends Wakeup frame, once by all waking up nodes needing to communicate with it by multicast; Then association process is started with reference to the address in Wakeup frame and associating policy; In the Wakeup frame of multicast form, the present invention devises address correspondence table, and Wakeup frame overhead is reduced greatly; When there being n node to carry out multi-casting communication, in 802.15.6 standard, needing 2n step ability and all nodes to set up MK, and adopt method of the present invention, only needing n to walk;
Transmit the energy consumed:
Suppose b sfor the bit number of transmission, e tfor unit bit sends the energy consumed, e lfor the energy that unit bit reception consumes; Then in WBAN, ENERGY E sthe model consumed is:
E s＝b se t+b se l
In this is analyzed, e is set tbe 50 × 10 -9, e lbe 50 × 10 -9, then the present invention and the 802.15.6 comparative result following table 6 in energy ezpenditure; The present invention reduces the transmission of 1368bits data as can be seen from the table, reduce the energy ezpenditure of 30% simultaneously, the life-span of node can be extended to a great extent;
Table 1: the present invention and IEEE802.15.6 energy ezpenditure
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all any amendments done within the spirit and principles in the present invention, equivalent replacement and improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. a method for wireless body area network fast wake-up association, is characterized in that, the method for this wireless body area network fast wake-up association comprises: under clean culture wakes association up, first construct Wakeup frame head, frame and postamble; Secondly promoter Hub sends T-Poll frame, and the time slot that node distributes according to T-Poll frame again receives Wakeup frame and starts to carry out association process with Hub; Under multicast wakes association up, first construct Wakeup frame head, frame and postamble and the allocation index table of comparisons, secondly promoter Hub sends T-Poll frame to all nodes; The time slot that node distributes according to T-Poll frame again receives Wakeup frame and starts successively to carry out association process with Hub.
2. the method for wireless body area network fast wake-up association as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the frame head waking frame up comprises FC, HID/NID, BAN ID, wherein FC is that frame head controls, comprise protocol version, Ack strategy, level of security, frame type frame control information, the type arranging frame in frame controls is Control Cooling, and subtype is Wakeup frame; HID/NID is the address shorten code of Hub and BN, for the reception of frame data; BAN ID is the shortening address of the body area network of work at present, for marking the body area network residing for these frame data.
3. the method for wireless body area network fast wake-up association as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, wake frame up and comprise Add_a, Add_b, SSS, Asso_ctrl, SAD; Wherein Add_a is that Hub requires to carry out with it the BN node address of certification or the address search code of BN, the M=6 byte when clean culture, the variable size of M during multicast; Add_b is the Hub address that current transmission wakes correlation signal up; SSS is that safe socket character selects territory, a series of for the information needed for security association for determining current security association agreement, level of security, frame certification control, cipher function; Asso_ctrl is that security association controls, and comprises relating sequence number and association status; SAD is security association data, comprises the PKI of Hub and the random number N once_b of current Hub generation, 0 ~ (2 128-1) random selecting in, for the certification work after waking up.
4. the method for wireless body area network fast wake-up association as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, wake postamble up and be made up of FCS, adopt cyclic redundancy sequence CRC check.
5. the method for wireless body area network fast wake-up association as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, unicast association process specifically comprises:
Step one, Hub according to present communications need SSS, Asso_ctrl territory is set for corresponding value, select the private key SK of oneself b, calculate PK b=SK b× G, structure Wakeup frame; After transmission Wakeup frame, send T-Poll frame to node;
Step 2, after node receives and wakes frame up, obtains the configuration information of this association and the PKI PK of Hub b, then select the private key SK of oneself alength is 256 bits, calculates PKI PK a=SK a× G, after calculating PKI, node calculates the PKI based on password again, PK a'=PK a-Q (PW), Q (PW)=(Q x, Q y), Q x=2 32× PW+M x; Node calculates according to the Nonce_a of the Nonce_b in the Wakeup frame received and self selection:
KMAC_1A＝CMAC(Temp_1,Add_a||Add_b||Nonce_a||Nonce_b||SSS,64)
KMAC_2A＝CMAC(Temp_1,Add_b||Add_a||Nonce_b||Nonce_a||SSS,64)
；
Utilize the information PK of above-mentioned calculating a, KMAC_2A constructs the first association request frame, and sends to Hub;
Step 3, after Hub receives the first association request frame, first restores the PKI PK of present node a=PK a'+Q (PW), Q (PW)=(Q x, Q y), Q x=2 32× PW+M x; M xfor making Q xmeet the minimum nonnegative integer of the point on elliptic curve; Calculate DHKey=X (SK b× PK a)=X (SK a× SK b× G), X () function is the X-coordinate value of getting elliptic curve key here, Temp_1=RMB_128 (DHKey), calculates according to the information received and the information calculated:
KMAC_1B＝CMAC(Temp_1,Add_a||Add_b||Nonce_a||Nonce_b||SSS,64)
KMAC_2B＝CMAC(Temp_1,Add_b||Add_a||Nonce_b||Nonce_a||SSS,64)
The KMAC_2A received and the KMAC_2B calculated, if the same continues structure second association request frame according to KMAC_1B and enters the step 5 that this associates request, if difference, cancels this association request;
Step 4, node receives the second association request frame, contrasts the KMAC_1A calculated in step 2 and the KMAC_1B received, if difference, cancels this association request, if the same enters the step 5 of this association;
Step 5, node and Hub calculate MK=CMAC (Temp_2, Nonce_a||Nonce_b, 128)
Temp_2=LMB (DHKey), is the most left 128 of DHKey; Both sides complete and wake association up.
6. the method for wireless body area network fast wake-up association as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, multicast association process specifically comprises:
Step one, Hub according to present communications need SSS, Asso_ctrl territory is set for corresponding value, select the private key SK of oneself b, calculate PK b=SK b× G; The Wakeup frame of structure broadcast, and broadcast T-Poll frame, until receive all the first association request frame needing the node of communication to send;
Step 2, after certain node i receives Wakeup frame, according to address choice private key SK ai, calculate PKI PK ai=SK ai× G, calculates the PKI based on password, PK ai'=PK ai-Q (PW i), Q (PW i)=(Q x, Q y); Q x=2 32× PW i+ M x; Select random number N once_a i, calculate DHKey=X (SK ai× PK b)=X (SK ai× SK b× G), Temp_1=RMB_128 (DHKey), node is according to the Wakeup frame information received and the Nonce_a self selected icalculate:
KMAC_1A＝CMAC(Temp_1,Add_a i||Add_b||Nonce_a i||Nonce_b||SSS,64)
KMAC_2A＝CMAC(Temp_1,Add_b||Add_a i||Nonce_b||Nonce_a i||SSS,64)
Joint structure first association request frame also sends;
Step 3, first Hub restores the PKI of the i-th node: PK after receiving the first association request frame of the i-th node ai=PK ai'+Q (PW i), Q (PW i)=(Q x, Q y), Q x=2 32× PW i+ M x, Q yfor positive even numbers; Calculate DHKey=X (SK b× PK ai)=X (SK ai× SK b× G), Temp_1=RMB_128 (DHKey), calculates according to the information received and the information calculated:
KMAC_1B＝CMAC(Temp_1,Add_a i||Add_b||Nonce_a i||Nonce_b||SSS,64)
KMAC_2B＝CMAC(Temp_1,Add_b||Add_a i||Nonce_b||Nonce_a i||SSS,64)
Contrast the KMAC_2A received and the KMAC_2B calculated, if the same continue structure second association request frame according to KMAC_1B, if difference, cancel this association request, after sending the second association request frame, Hub calculates MK i=CMAC (Temp_2, Nonce_a i|| Nonce_b, 128)
For the master key of Hub and the i-th node;
Step 4, the i-th node receives the second association request frame, contrasts the KMAC_1A calculated in step 2 and the KMAC_1B received, if difference, cancels this association request, if identical calculations MK i=CMAC (Temp_2, Nonce_a i|| Nonce_b, 128)
It is the master key of the i-th node and Hub.
7. the method for wireless body area network fast wake-up association as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the method interior joint of this wireless body area network fast wake-up association is all be in notconnect state.
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