CN104047599A - Specific resistance imaging measurement method for logger - Google Patents
Specific resistance imaging measurement method for logger Download PDFInfo
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- CN104047599A CN104047599A CN201410325662.6A CN201410325662A CN104047599A CN 104047599 A CN104047599 A CN 104047599A CN 201410325662 A CN201410325662 A CN 201410325662A CN 104047599 A CN104047599 A CN 104047599A
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of geological prospecting, in particular to a specific resistance imaging measurement method for a logger. The method includes the steps that a joint coil structure is arranged, the joint coil structure is rotated by a circle, and total voltage responses at different azimuth angels in a circle are collected; the total voltage responses collected in the one-circle rotation are averaged, and the average value serves as a first component voltage response; the first component voltage response is subtracted from the total voltage responses and the result serves as a second component voltage response of an orthogonal receiving coil; the first component voltage response and the second component voltage response are combined, and the combined result serves as input of stratum specific resistance imaging; the detection direction serves as a first coordinate, the azimuth angle under the fixing position in the detection direction serves as a second coordinate, and two-dimensional imaging of the specific resistance of the stratum to be detected is conducted according to input of stratum specific resistance imaging. The stratum specific resistance imaging generated through the method can visually reflect the specific resistance of the stratum where a while-drilling instrument is located and the relative azimuth of the distant stratum boundary.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to geological exploration techniques field, more particularly, particularly a kind of resistivity imaging measurement method for logging instrument.
Background technology
Well logging is in order to find out the characteristic of bed boundary in drilling well, divides a kind of engineer operation of geological section, conventionally has electrical log, radioactive logging, acoustic logging, imaging logging, engineering log (hole diameter, hole deviation).Popular says, if beaten a bite oil well, the accurate location of oil reservoir is unknown, at this time needs, by well logging, the various data that obtain to be carried out to the position that integrated interpretation is judged oil reservoir.Logging instrument is for sinking shaft field, can carry out continuous sweep to the borehole wall, also can carry out transversal scanning to any level, provides the technical data such as pit shaft sectional elevation, plane cross section, pit shaft useful area, pit shaft deflection distance.Well logging result can directly be shown by computer screen, also can be provided by plotter printer, flexible and convenient to use.The use of logger can prevent pit shaft deflection, reduces construction period, and accelerating construction progress, guarantees workmanship, and indirect economic effect is obvious, social benefit highly significant.
In actual applications, geosteering is extremely important to oil-gas exploration in real time.The object of geosteering is to keep as much as possible drill bit to advance in oil reservoir.For fear of drill bit, enter low-resistance country rock, just requiring provides the direction of bed boundary at a distance with boring instrument, and resistivity logging while drilling logger is at a distance of the information of distant place bed boundary distance.
Please refer to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, wherein, Fig. 1 is that in prior art, the first is used the structural representation of coil groups with brill azimuthal resistivity logger; Fig. 2 is that in prior art, the second is used the structural representation of coil groups with brill azimuthal resistivity logger.
In the prior art, the first comprises coil groups with boring azimuthal resistivity logger, coil groups comprise receiving coil 1 ' and transmitting coil 2 '.Transmitting coil adopts the mode vertical with drill axis to arrange, and the plane of transmitting coil setting of take is benchmark, and receiving coil adopts incline structure design.Because tilt coil has the component with transmitting coil quadrature, therefore there is position sensing capability.Simultaneously again because tilt coil also has the component parallel with transmitting coil, so in measuring-signal, also comprised the information with orientation-independent.In application process, cross the method for data processing with the information exchange of orientation-independent and reject, only retain orientation detection information.
In the prior art, the second comprises coil groups with boring azimuthal resistivity logger, and coil groups comprises receiving coil 1 " and transmitting coil 2 ".Same plane of take transmitting coil setting is benchmark, and receiving coil vertically arranges, receiving coil and transmitting coil quadrature, and therefore receiving receiving coil is zero with the direct-coupling of transmitting receiving coil, receives signal and only comprises the formation information relevant with orientation.
With boring azimuthal resistivity logger, only can measure single down-hole technical data for above-mentioned two kinds, its measurement parameter is single, can not and react intuitively the variation of bottom resistivity.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of resistivity imaging measurement method for logging instrument, in order to solve the above problems.
A kind of resistivity imaging measurement method for logging instrument is provided in an embodiment of the present invention, has comprised step:
Steps A, arranges the loop construction of combining possess transmitting coil and quadrature receiving coil with described transmitting coil quadrature and the parallel receiving coil parallel with described transmitting coil;
Step B rotates a circle described associating loop construction in tested stratum, gathers the total voltage response of receiving coil corresponding to different orientations in a week;
Step C, averages to the total voltage response of the receiving coil in rotating a circle, as the first component voltage response of parallel receiving coil;
Step D, deducts the value after described the first component voltage response by described total voltage response, as the second component voltage responsive of described quadrature receiving coil;
Step e, combines described the first component voltage response and described second component voltage responsive, the input using the result after combination as formation resistivity imaging;
Step F, take detection direction as the first coordinate, and the azimuth under the permanent position of take on this detection direction is the second coordinate, and the input of base area layer resistivity imaging is carried out by the two-dimensional imaging of measuring formation resistivity.
Preferably, described step combines described the first component voltage response and described second component voltage responsive comprises step:
Carry out in advance forward model training, draw conversion coefficient look-up table, according to R=k1* (VRz-k2*VRx), the first component voltage response and second component voltage responsive are combined and drawn formation resistivity R, k1 wherein, k2 is conversion coefficient, VRz is the first component voltage response, and VRx is second component voltage responsive.
Preferably, in described steps A, quadrature receiving coil with described transmitting coil quadrature is set and comprises two quadrature receiving coils with described transmitting coil quadrature are set.
Preferably, described steps A also comprises that it is a same wire-wound system with described parallel receiving coil that described quadrature receiving coil is set.
Resistivity imaging measurement method for logging instrument provided by the invention, is to utilize associating coil to measure overall response voltage, yet calculates respectively the separate responses component of voltage of the parallel receiving coil of quadrature receiving coil one collection.The present invention is being installed on boring in azimuthal resistivity logger at associating coil, enters into and can extract the variation in orientation with the resistivity of boring stratum, instrument place after bottom, and then formation resistivity is carried out to imaging with logging instrument.Utilization is carried out in geosteering process with boring azimuthal resistivity logger, and the formation resistivity imaging that the present invention produces can reflect intuitively with boring the resistivity on stratum, instrument place and the relative bearing of stratigraphic boundary, distant place.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, to the accompanying drawing of required use in embodiment or description of the Prior Art be briefly described below, apparently, accompanying drawing in the following describes is only some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skills, do not paying under the prerequisite of creative work, can also obtain according to these accompanying drawings other accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is that in prior art, the first is used the structural representation of coil groups with brill azimuthal resistivity logger;
Fig. 2 is that in prior art, the second is used the structural representation of coil groups with brill azimuthal resistivity logger;
Fig. 3 is the flow chart with the imaging of brill azimuthal resistivity logger generation formation resistivity that embodiment of the present invention utilization has associating coil antenna structure;
Fig. 4 combines the schematic diagram of loop construction in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the typical response curve of associating coil when near stratigraphic boundary;
Voltage responsive schematic diagram when the logger that Fig. 6 to Fig. 9 is the embodiment of the present invention is advanced along different resistivity stratum;
The resistivity imaging result schematic diagram presenting when the formation method that adopts the embodiment of the present invention to provide is surveyed in Different Strata is provided Figure 10 to Figure 13.
The specific embodiment
Below by specific embodiment, also by reference to the accompanying drawings the present invention is described in further detail.
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of resistivity imaging measurement method for logging instrument, shown in Figure 3, comprises step:
Step S110, arranges the loop construction of combining possess transmitting coil and quadrature receiving coil with described transmitting coil quadrature and the parallel receiving coil parallel with described transmitting coil;
Step S111 rotates a circle described associating loop construction in tested stratum, gathers the total voltage response of receiving coil corresponding to different orientations in a week;
Step S112, averages to the total voltage response of the receiving coil in rotating a circle, as the first component voltage response of parallel receiving coil;
Step S113, deducts the value after described the first component voltage response by described total voltage response, as the second component voltage responsive of described quadrature receiving coil;
Step S114, combines described the first component voltage response and described second component voltage responsive, the input using the result after combination as formation resistivity imaging;
Step S115, take detection direction as the first coordinate, and the azimuth under the permanent position of take on this detection direction is the second coordinate, and the input of base area layer resistivity imaging is carried out by the two-dimensional imaging of measuring formation resistivity.
Receiving coil is associating coil in embodiments of the present invention, shown in Figure 4, and Rx1 and Rx2 represent respectively two quadrature receiving coils with transmitting coil quadrature, and Rz represents the parallel receiving coil parallel with transmitting coil.Associating loop construction is comprised of two quadrature receiving coil Rx1, the Rx2 axisymmetric and transmitting coil quadrature of the core about logging instrument parallel receiving coil Rz parallel with transmitting coil with.Three receiving coils are formed by one group of wire-wound system, therefore receive the response sum that signal is three coils.Because associating coil has quadrature receiving coil, therefore there is position sensing capability.Simultaneously because associating coil also comprises the parallel receiving coil parallel with transmitting coil, therefore combine in the overall response voltage of coil and also comprised transmitting coil by the direct-coupling component on stratum, extract this direct-coupling component, can utilize the theory of conventional propagation resistivity logger, measure with the resistivity of boring stratum, azimuthal resistivity logger place.
In the survey data that the embodiment of the present invention obtains, both can extract the information of direct reflection stratum background resistivity, can also extract the information of reflection orientation, place, stratigraphic boundary, distant place and distance.Its specifying information is extracted as:
Wherein, three coils can be by a same wire-wound system, and the voltage responsive of therefore combining coil is three coil voltages response sums.
Measure after the overall response voltage of associating coil, can calculate component according to following formula affects voltage.
V
total＝V
Rz+V
Rxcos(φ)
V
Rx＝V
Rx1+V
Rx2
Wherein, V
totalrepresent the response of associating coil total voltage, V
rzrepresent the voltage responsive (i.e. the first component voltage response) of parallel receiving coil, V
rxthe voltage responsive sum (being second component voltage responsive) that represents quadrature receiving coil.φ is the gyrobearing angle with respect to associating coil initial orientation angle.
Associating coil in drilling process, in order to obtain formation resistivity with the variation in orientation, must distich zygonema circle (when associating coil is installed to after logging instrument drill bit, drill bit being rotated) rotating 360 degrees.In associating coil rotary course, the response of quadrature receiving coil Rx1 and Rx2, along with the instrument anglec of rotation is done varies with cosine, the response of parallel antenna Rz is constant.In rotary course, constant duration extracts overall response voltage, and take the anglec of rotation and produce response curve as X-axis total voltage should be Y-axis mutually, and overall response voltage is averaged, due to the V in aforementioned formula
rxcomponent is done cosine transform, and therefore, after rotating 360 degrees, the corresponding summation of its voltage is zero, and so, the corresponding average of total voltage is V
rzcomponent.
Shown in Figure 5, Figure 5 shows that the typical response curve of associating coil when near stratigraphic boundary.This curve is the V in aforementioned formula with instrument rotation by the component of varies with cosine
rxcomponent, the average of curve is the V in aforementioned formula
rzcomponent.The azimuth information that the orientation corresponding to extreme value of curve comprised stratigraphic boundary, the amplitude of variation of curve has reflected with boring the distance of instrument at a distance of stratigraphic boundary.The average of curve has comprised instrument location layer resistivity information (similar conventional propagation resistivity is measured).With boring in instrument traveling process, the voltage responsive V of background formation resistivity will be reflected
rzthe voltage responsive V of component and reflection orientation, stratigraphic boundary, distant place and distance
rxcomponent extracts respectively, and data are processed, can generate reflection with bore instrument in traveling process formation resistivity with the modified-image in orientation.
V while thering is advancing with brill azimuthal resistivity logger of associating coil antenna structure below by several example analyses in different resistivity stratum
rxcomponent and V
rzthe feature of component.
First, shown in Figure 6, with boring instrument, with the direction at 60Du inclination angle, relative stratum, advance downwards, through three layers of stratum.The resistivity on stratum is respectively 1Ohm-m, 10Ohm-m and 1Ohm-m.Obtain Rz component in the voltage responsive with boring in instrument traveling process.And calculating is obtained Rx component in the voltage responsive with brill instrument different rotary angle (0 spends, and 22.5 spend, and 45 spend, and 67.5 spend, and 90 spend, and 112.5 spend, and 135 spend, and 157.5 spend, and 180 spend) correspondence according to aforementioned formula.The variation of Rz component, has directly reflected with the change in resistance of boring stratum, instrument place.The corresponding low-voltage response of low-resistivity, the corresponding high voltage response of high resistivity.Rx component has reflected that stratigraphic boundary is with respect to orientation and distance with boring instrument at a distance.When far away apart from border with brill instrument, the voltage responsive of Rx component is almost nil.Along with approaching border with boring instrument, the voltage responsive of Rx component increases gradually, maximum while arriving border, then again along with diminishing away from border with boring instrument.What also be appreciated that in addition is, when with bore instrument from low resistivity layer near resistive formation border, and from resistive formation during downwards near low resistivity layer border, it is contrary that Rx divides quantity symbol, this explanation Rx component has not only reflected with boring the distance of instrument at a distance of stratigraphic boundary, has also comprised the azimuth information of stratigraphic boundary.
Shown in Figure 7 again, obtain with boring instrument and be respectively 1ohm-m through resistivity, when 10ohm-m and 2ohm-m stratum, the voltage responsive of Rz component and Rx component.Rz component is when entering 2ohm-m stratum with brill instrument, and voltage responsive ratio is large while entering 1ohm-m stratum, has further proved that Rz component can directly reflect with the resistivity of boring stratum, place.In addition, Rx component is with boring voltage responsive that instrument approaches 10ohm-m and 2ohm-m stratigraphic boundary than little in the voltage responsive that approaches 1ohm-m and 10ohm-m stratigraphic boundary with boring instrument.Therefore the voltage responsive of Rx component has also reflected the resistivity contrasts of stratigraphic boundary.
Shown in Figure 8 when boring instrument and be respectively 0.7ohm-m, 2ohm-m and 50ohm-m stratum through resistivity, the voltage responsive of Rz component and Rx component.The voltage responsive of Rz component has reflected that formation resistivity is along with increasing with boring advancing of instrument always.The voltage responsive of Rx component when approaching interface with brill instrument is maximum.In the present embodiment, the Rx component voltage response corresponding instrument anglec of rotation in the traveling process of instrument be 0 o'clock voltage responsive always on the occasion of, this is because formation resistivity monotone increasing in instrument traveling process.
Shown in Figure 9, with boring the stratum that instrument is 1ohm-m through resistivity, enter the stratum that resistivity is 10ohm-m, and then return in the process of 1ohm-m stratum the voltage responsive of obtaining Rz component and Rx component.The voltage responsive of Rx component is being compared with Fig. 6 example shown with boring when instrument upwards returns to low-resistance stratum from high resistant stratum, and the voltage responsive of Rx component that approaches low-resistance stratum from high resistant stratum is downwards contrary.It is make progress or approach stratigraphic boundary downwards that the voltage responsive of this explanation Rx component can be distinguished with boring instrument.
According to the analysis of Fig. 6 to Fig. 9 example, because Rz component can provide with boring the change in resistance of instrument on direct of travel, Rx component can provide with the variation of boring in instrumental azimuth direction, merges the data of Rz component and Rx component, just can be to formation resistivity imaging.A coordinate axes of imaging is instrument direct of travel, MTD for example, and another coordinate axes is that span 0 degree is to the azimuth of 360 degree.So, can find out in conjunction with Rz component and Rx component, the variation of background resistivity not only can be provided, the orientation of stratigraphic boundary and the direction that approaches stratigraphic boundary with brill instrument can also be provided.
Particularly, the concrete steps of carrying out imaging can be: first, instrument when downhole operations, in order to obtain the variation of formation resistivity in orientation, must be to boring azimuthal resistivity instrument rotating 360 degrees.The voltage responsive (from 0 degree to 360 degree) in rotating a circle of associating coil reception antenna is averaged, as the voltage responsive of Rz component.By deducting the voltage responsive of the reception antenna of average, as the voltage responsive of Rx component.
Wherein, the voltage responsive of Rx component is done varies with cosine with the instrument anglec of rotation.The Rz component of acquisition and Rx component are reconfigured, calculate according to the following equation formation apparent resistivity and to its imaging.A coordinate axes of imaging is for fathoming, and another coordinate axes is the azimuth of span 0 to 360 degree.
R＝k
1(V
Rz-k
2V
Rx)
Wherein, k
1and k
2for conversion coefficient.Can obtain in advance and make look-up table by forward model.V
rzfor the voltage responsive of Rz component, V
rxvoltage responsive for Rx component.
For the validity of flow process shown in proof diagram 3 to formation resistivity formation method, by simulation analysis with boring instrument respectively from different resistivity earths, the resistivity imaging result while approaching stratigraphic boundary along different directions.
In Figure 10, upper figure represents the stratum that logger is 10ohm-m from resistivity, upwards enters the stratum that resistivity is 1ohm-m.In Figure 10, figure below represents to utilize the formation resistivity imaging that method shown in Fig. 3 produces.The abscissa of image is for fathoming, and the anglec of rotation that ordinate is instrument, represents by tool-face angle.Black in image represents low-resistivity, and light color represents high resistivity.From image, along with along with the advancing of instrument, correspondence fathoms and increases gradually, and formation resistivity changes to low-resistance from high resistant.At instrument, approach the position of stratigraphic boundary, formation resistivity has had variation on azimuth direction, and corresponding tool-face is that the formation resistivity of 0 degree (or 360 degree) is less than normal, low-resistance stratum is described up.Corresponding tool-face is that the formation resistivity of 180 degree is bigger than normal, illustrate high resistant stratum below.The information reflecting in image, in full accord with model.
Figure 11 represents the stratum that logger is 10ohm-m from resistivity, enters the stratum that resistivity is 1ohm-m downwards.Compare the formation resistivity imaging in Figure 10, can find out in Figure 11, with boring instrument when approaching stratigraphic boundary, the distribution of formation resistivity in orientation distributes contrary with the formation resistivity in Figure 10.Also, corresponding tool-face is that the formation resistivity of 0 degree (or 360 degree) is bigger than normal, high resistant stratum is described up.Corresponding tool-face is that the formation resistivity of 180 degree is less than normal, illustrate low-resistance stratum below.The information reflecting in image, also in full accord with model.
Figure 12 and Figure 13 have represented respectively formation resistivity imaging corresponding when boring instrument and enter up and down high resistant stratum from low-resistance stratum.The same with Figure 10, Figure 11, in the direction that fathoms, the variation of resistivity has reflected that formation resistivity is along with the variation with boring in instrument traveling process.When approaching stratigraphic boundary with brill instrument, the variation of formation resistivity on azimuth, has reflected the relativeness between stratum.
In Figure 12 when boring instrument and approach border, formation resistivity tool-face angle be 180 o'clock less than normal, illustrate low-resistance stratum below, high resistant stratum is up.In Figure 13, when boring instrument and approach border, formation resistivity is 180 large in tool-face angle, low-resistance stratum is described up, high resistant stratum below.
To sum up analyze, this formation method, by two dimensional image can be very accurate and visual reflect the variation of formation resistivity, draw the position relation between different resistance proterties stratum, more convenient.
These are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, for a person skilled in the art, the present invention can have various modifications and variations.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any modification of doing, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a resistivity imaging measurement method for logging instrument, is characterized in that, comprises step:
Steps A, arranges the loop construction of combining possess transmitting coil and quadrature receiving coil with described transmitting coil quadrature and the parallel receiving coil parallel with described transmitting coil;
Step B rotates a circle described associating loop construction in tested stratum, gathers the total voltage response of receiving coil corresponding to different orientations in a week;
Step C, averages to the total voltage response of the receiving coil in rotating a circle, as the first component voltage response of parallel receiving coil;
Step D, deducts the value after described the first component voltage response by described total voltage response, as the second component voltage responsive of described quadrature receiving coil;
Step e, combines described the first component voltage response and described second component voltage responsive, the input using the result after combination as formation resistivity imaging;
Step F, take detection direction as the first coordinate, and the azimuth under the permanent position of take on this detection direction is the second coordinate, and the input of base area layer resistivity imaging is carried out by the two-dimensional imaging of measuring formation resistivity.
2. resistivity imaging measurement method for logging instrument according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described step combines described the first component voltage response and described second component voltage responsive comprises step:
Carry out in advance forward model training, draw conversion coefficient look-up table, according to R=k1* (VRz-k2*VRx), the first component voltage response and second component voltage responsive are combined and drawn formation resistivity R, k1 wherein, k2 is conversion coefficient, VRz is the first component voltage response, and VRx is second component voltage responsive.
3. resistivity imaging measurement method for logging instrument according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described steps A, quadrature receiving coil with described transmitting coil quadrature is set and comprises two quadrature receiving coils with described transmitting coil quadrature are set.
4. resistivity imaging measurement method for logging instrument according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described steps A also comprises that it is a same wire-wound system with described parallel receiving coil that described quadrature receiving coil is set.
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Effective date of registration: 20201111 Address after: No. 6, liupukang, Xicheng District, Beijing 100120 Patentee after: CHINA NATIONAL PETROLEUM Corp. Patentee after: China National Petroleum Corporation Great Wall Drilling Engineering Co.,Ltd. Address before: 100000 Beijing Chaoyang District Anli Road No. 101 Patentee before: China National Petroleum Corporation Great Wall Drilling Engineering Co.,Ltd. |
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