CN104024474A - 具有涂层的取向性电磁钢板及其制造方法 - Google Patents
具有涂层的取向性电磁钢板及其制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明的目的为提供一种具有磷酸系玻璃涂层的取向性电磁钢板,该取向性电磁钢板的铁损得到进一步降低。本发明的具有涂层的取向性电磁钢板具备取向性电磁钢板和涂层,所述涂层形成于上述取向性电磁钢板的表面,其含有P、Si、Cr和O元素、以及选自由Mg、Al、Ni、Co、Mn、Zn、Fe、Ca和Ba组成的组中的至少一种元素,并且5质量%以上为磷酸盐的结晶相。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及具有涂层的取向性电磁钢板及其制造方法。
背景技术
取向性电磁钢板是主要用作变压器的铁芯原材料的材料,对于作为铁芯原材料而使用的取向性电磁钢板,要求其铁损低。
作为一种降低取向性电磁钢板的铁损的方法,为赋予拉伸应力的方法。即,已知当对取向性电磁钢板赋予拉伸应力时,180℃磁畴宽度变窄,异常涡流损耗减少,从而使铁损降低。
因此,通常在取向性电磁钢板的表面形成用于赋予绝缘性和拉伸应力的涂层(以下称为“张力涂层”或简称为“涂层”)。
需要说明的是,在取向性电磁钢板的表面通常存在有以镁橄榄石(Mg2SiO4)为主要成分的陶瓷覆膜,但该覆膜所产生的拉伸应力小,因此降低取向性电磁钢板铁损的效果并不是那么大。
因此,以往提出了铁损进一步降低、且拉伸应力更高的张力涂层,例如提出有以磷酸系玻璃(例如专利文献1所述的MgO-P2O5-SiO2系玻璃)、氮化物(例如专利文献2所述的TiN)、碳化物(例如专利文献2所述的TiC)等为主要成分的张力涂层。对于这些张力涂层,作为主要成分的上述成分的热膨胀系数小于取向性电磁钢板,因此通过在高温下进行制膜,从而能够对取向性电磁钢板赋予由热膨胀差所产生的拉伸应力。
但是,以氮化物或碳化物为主要成分的张力涂层会产生高拉伸应力,但另一方面,需要PVD(物理气相沉积,Physical Vapor Deposition)或CVD(化学气相沉积,ChemicalVapor Deposition)等沉积法,因此存在着高成本这样的问题。
对此,以磷酸系玻璃为主要成分的张力涂层(以下称为“磷酸系玻璃涂层”)可以通过处理液的涂布/烧结这种较为简便的方法形成,可以在平坦化退火的同时实施涂层的烧结,因此具有低成本这样的优势。
因此,磷酸系玻璃涂层是一种非常普遍使用的张力涂层,提出有各种各样的技术方案(例如参照专利文献3~5)。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特公昭56-52117号公报
专利文献2:日本特公昭63-54767号公报
专利文献3:日本特开平1-147074号公报
专利文献4:日本特开2007-217758号公报
专利文献5:日本特开2008-50676号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的问题
但是,现有的磷酸系玻璃涂层所产生的拉伸应力无法说是充分的,存在着铁损的改善并非充分的问题。
因此,本发明的目的在于提供一种具有磷酸系玻璃涂层的取向性电磁钢板,该取向性电磁钢板的铁损进一步得到降低。
用于解决问题的手段
本发明人为了达成上述目的而进行了深入研究。结果发现,使涂层处理液中的特定成分的质量比为规定范围、并且使烧结处理中的钢板温度为规定的温度范围的情况下所形成的具有特定量的磷酸盐结晶相的涂层会使取向性电磁钢板产生更高的拉伸应力、使铁损进一步降低,从而完成了本发明。
即本发明提供以下(1)~(3)的方案。
(1)一种具有涂层的取向性电磁钢板,其具备取向性电磁钢板和涂层,该涂层形成于上述取向性电磁钢板的表面,其含有P、Si、Cr和O元素、以及选自由Mg、Al、Ni、Co、Mn、Zn、Fe、Ca和Ba组成的组中的至少一种元素,并且5质量%以上为磷酸盐的结晶相。
(2)一种具有涂层的取向性电磁钢板的制造方法,其具备下述工序:
准备取向性电磁钢板的工序;和
将涂层处理液涂布于上述取向性电磁钢板的表面后进行烧结处理,从而得到具有涂层的取向性电磁钢板的工序,该涂层处理液含有磷酸二氢盐、胶态二氧化硅和选自由铬酸酐、铬酸盐和重铬酸盐组成的组中的至少一种铬酸化合物,所述磷酸二氢盐含有选自由Mg、Al、Ni、Co、Mn、Zn、Fe、Ca和Ba组成的组中的至少一种元素,
将上述烧结处理中的钢板温度(单位:℃)设为T、将上述涂层处理液所含有的所述铬酸化合物(以Cr2O3进行换算)和所述磷酸二氢盐(以P2O5进行换算)的质量比(Cr2O3/P2O5)设为R的情况下,满足下述条件(i)或(ii)。
(i)800≤T<860,T≥1010-399R,0.1≤R≤0.5
(ii)860≤T≤1000,T≥985-399R,0.1≤R≤0.5
(3)如(2)所述的具有涂层的取向性电磁钢板的制造方法,上述准备取向性电磁钢板的工序为下述工序:对取向性电磁钢板用板坯进行热轧,进行热轧板退火后,进行1次冷轧或夹着中间退火的两次以上的冷轧,接着进行一次再结晶退火,之后涂布退火分离剂,然后实施最终精制退火,从而得到所述取向性电磁钢板,
上述一次再结晶退火中的500℃~700℃的升温过程的升温速度为50℃/秒~300℃/秒。
发明效果
根据本发明,可以提供一种具有磷酸系玻璃涂层的取向性电磁钢板,该取向性电磁钢板的铁损进一步得到降低。
附图说明
图1为示出质量比R(Cr2O3/P2O5)、烧结处理中的钢板温度T和拉伸应力之间的关系的图表。
具体实施方式
[完成本发明的经过]
首先,对完成本发明的经过进行说明。
本发明人制备了以各种各样的组成比含有磷酸二氢镁、胶态二氧化硅和铬酸酐的涂层处理液,将其涂布于具有镁橄榄石覆膜的取向性电磁钢板,按照烧结处理中的钢板温度条件下的均热时间为20秒的方式进行烧结处理,对所形成的涂层赋予取向性电磁钢板的拉伸应力及其它特性进行了测定。需要说明的是,拉伸应力的测定是通过对以氢氧化钠去除单面的涂层时的取向性电磁钢板的翘曲量进行换算来进行的。
由测定的结果可知,提高铬酸酐相对于磷酸二氢镁的量、并且使烧结处理中的钢板温度为高温,从而可以提高涂层赋予取向性电磁钢板的拉伸应力。
另外,利用X射线衍射对产生高拉伸应力的涂层进行了分析,结果确认到了Mg2P2O7的强衍射峰,由此可知,通过磷酸盐的结晶化,有可能使涂层的杨氏模量提高、并且使拉伸应力得到提高。此时,利用另外制作的标准试料的标准曲线对Mg2P2O7进行定量,结果可知,得到高拉伸应力的涂层中含有5质量%以上的结晶相的Mg2P2O7。
对于在将如上所述的涂层处理液应用于取向性电磁钢板时可得到产生高拉伸应力的涂层的条件,本发明人进行了深入研究。其结果发现,通过满足下文中详述的条件(i)或(ii),可以促进磷酸盐的结晶化,提高由涂层产生的拉伸应力,降低取向性电磁钢板的铁损。
需要说明的是,据认为Cr3+会侵入玻璃中的与Mg2+相同的位置,被排斥的Mg2 +有可能促进Mg2P2O7的结晶化,但还并不清楚其详细的机理。
[具有涂层的取向性电磁钢板的制造方法]
接着,对本发明的具有涂层的取向性电磁钢板的制造方法(以下简称为“本发明的制造方法”)进行说明。
简而言之,本发明的制造方法为具备下述工序的方法:准备取向性电磁钢板的工序(以下也称为“准备工序”);和将涂层处理液涂布于所准备的取向性电磁钢板的表面后进行烧结处理,从而得到具有涂层的取向性电磁钢板的工序(以下也称为“涂布工序”)。
以下对各工序进行详细说明。
[准备工序]
对于由准备工序所准备的取向性电磁钢板的成分组成没有特别限定,可以使用以往公知的取向性电磁钢板,但为了使铁损降低更加优异,优选使用二次再结晶粒径小的取向性电磁钢板。
作为准备工序,只要为准备取向性电磁钢板的工序就没有特别限定,可以举出例如由取向性电磁钢板用板坯(钢坯)得到取向性电磁钢板的工序。
作为得到取向性电磁钢板的工序的具体例,可以举出下述工序:对取向性电磁钢板用板坯进行热轧,进行热轧板退火后,进行1次冷轧或夹着中间退火的两次以上的冷轧,从而精加工为最终板厚,接着进行一次再结晶退火,之后涂布以MgO等为主要成分的退火分离剂,然后实施最终精制退火,从而得到取向性电磁钢板。在最终精制退火后,可以进行平坦化退火而进行形状矫正。
此时,对一次再结晶退火的条件没有特别限定,500℃~700℃的升温过程的升温速度优选为10℃/秒~300℃/秒、更优选为50℃/秒~300℃/秒。通过使升温速度为上述范围内,得到的取向性电磁钢板的二次再结晶粒径小,可以形成铁损降低更加优异的取向性电磁钢板。
对于由如上所述的工序得到的取向性电磁钢板的最终板厚没有特别限定,优选为0.10mm~0.50mm、更优选为0.15mm~0.35mm。
[涂布工序]
涂布工序为下述工序:在由上述准备工序所准备的取向性电磁钢板的表面涂布涂层处理液后进行烧结处理,从而得到具有涂层的取向性电磁钢板。
首先,对涂布工序中所使用的涂层处理液进行说明。涂层处理液含有磷酸二氢盐、胶态二氧化硅和铬酸化合物。
涂层处理液所含有的磷酸二氢盐为含有选自由Mg、Al、Ni、Co、Mn、Zn、Fe、Ca和Ba组成的组中的至少一种元素的磷酸二氢盐,可以举出例如由磷酸二氢镁、磷酸二氢铝、磷酸二氢镍、磷酸二氢钴、磷酸二氢锰、磷酸二氢锌、磷酸二氢铁、磷酸二氢钙和磷酸二氢钡组成的组中的的至少一种。
这些之中,由于可以得到更优异的拉伸应力,因此优选使用容易结晶化的磷酸二氢镁。
涂层处理液中含有的胶态二氧化硅是以SiO2为基本单元的水中分散体,通常以固体成分含量计含有20质量%~30质量%的SiO2。对于胶态二氧化硅的平均粒径没有特别限定,例如优选为5nm~50nm。
涂层处理液中含有的铬酸化合物为选自由铬酸酐、铬酸盐和重铬酸盐组成的组中的至少一种。作为铬酸盐和重铬酸盐,可以使用例如Na、K、Mg、Ca、Mn、Mo、Zn、Al等的盐。
需要说明的是,为了使形成的涂层的耐热粘合性良好,可以添加平均粒径为2μm~20μm的二氧化硅粉末(石英粉)、氧化铝粉末(三氧化二铝粉)等。
涂层处理液含有的磷酸二氢盐(以P2O5换算)和胶态二氧化硅(以SiO2换算)的摩尔比(P2O5/SiO2)优选为0.15~4.0、更优选为0.2~1.0。若摩尔比(P2O5/SiO2)为该范围内,则拉伸应力更加优异。
在涂布工序中,将上述涂层处理液涂布于取向性电磁钢板的表面,然后进行烧结处理,从而形成涂层。需要说明的是,作为涂层处理液的涂布方法没有特别限定,可以使用以往公知的方法。
对于烧结处理的方法也可以使用以往公知的方法,但该烧结处理中的钢板温度(最高达到温度)被限定在特定的范围。即,烧结处理中的钢板温度T(单位:℃)满足下述条件(i)或(ii)(各条件中的“R”在下文中进行描述)。
(i)800≤T<860,T≥1010-399R,0.1≤R≤0.5
(ii)860≤T≤1000,T≥985-399R,0.1≤R≤0.5
按照满足上述条件(i)或(ii)的方式进行烧结处理,磷酸二氢盐发生反应,从而促进了结晶化,可得到高拉伸应力。
另外,出于得到更高拉伸应力的理由,优选满足下述(iii)的条件。
(iii)860≤T≤1000,T≥1010-399R,0.1≤R≤0.5
钢板温度T的范围为800℃~1000℃。钢板温度T小于800℃时,无法得到优异的拉伸应力;超过1000℃的情况下,效果饱和,并且难以对取向性电磁钢板的塑性变形进行控制。与此相对,若钢板温度T为上述范围内,则可在效果未饱和的条件下得到优异的拉伸应力,并且也能够对塑性变形进行控制。
从抑制取向性电磁钢板的塑性延展的观点出发,钢板温度T的范围优选为800℃~900℃。
此处,上述条件(i)~(iii)中的R为涂层处理液所含有的铬酸化合物(以Cr2O3换算)和磷酸二氢盐(以P2O5换算)的质量比(Cr2O3/P2O5)。
该质量比R小于0.1的情况下,无法得到高拉伸应力;超过0.5的情况下,耐腐蚀性等基本特性劣化,但若质量比R为0.1~0.5的范围内,则可以在维持基本特性的同时得到高拉伸应力。
从烧结处理的低温化的观点出发,质量比R优选较高,具体而言,优选为0.2以上、更优选为0.3以上。
需要说明的是,对于烧结处理中的钢板温度条件下的均热时间没有特别限定,优选为120秒以下、更优选为5秒~30秒。
[具有涂层的取向性电磁钢板]
接着,对本发明的具有涂层的取向性电磁钢板进行说明。
本发明的具有涂层的取向性电磁钢板是通过本发明的制造方法得到的,简而言之,其具备取向性电磁钢板和在该取向性电磁钢板的表面形成的涂层(以下也称为“本发明的涂层”)。
本发明的涂层由上述涂层处理液形成,因此含有P、Si、Cr和O元素、以及选自由Mg、Al、Ni、Co、Mn、Zn、Fe、Ca和Ba组成的组中的至少一种元素。
另外,基于同样的理由,在本发明的涂层中,质量比R(Cr2O3/P2O5)为0.1~0.5、优选为0.2以上、更优选为0.3以上。
并且,本发明的涂层中,5质量%以上为磷酸盐的结晶相。
通过这种涂层,取向性电磁钢板被赋予了优异的拉伸应力。此时,基于拉伸应力更优异的理由,结晶相优选为10质量%以上、更优选为15质量%以上。
另外,出于若结晶相的量过多则涂层中裂缝会增加、耐腐蚀性会下降的理由,上述涂层中的结晶相优选为50质量%以下、更优选为40质量%以下。
作为结晶相的定量方法没有特别限定,使用X射线衍射非常简便,可以举出例如:由结晶成分和非晶质成分的积分强度比进行定量的方法;使用预先所制作的标准试样的标准曲线进行定量的方法;由与标准物质的积分强度比进行定量的方法;等等。
需要说明的是,对于本发明的涂层的厚度没有特别限定,但若过薄,则绝缘性下降,若过厚,则占空系数下降,出于这样的理由,涂层的厚度优选为0.1μm~5μm、更优选为0.5μm~3μm。
实施例
以下举出实施例对本发明进行具体说明。但本发明并不限于这些实施例。
首先对钢坯进行热轧,进行热轧板退火后,通过夹着中间退火的两次冷轧,精制为0.27mm的最终板厚,所述钢坯含有C:0.05质量%、Si:3.3质量%、Mn:0.1质量%、sol.Al:0.022质量%、N:0.005质量%、Se:0.02质量%,剩余部分由Fe和不可避免的杂质构成。
接着,在830℃进行1分钟的脱碳退火(一次再结晶退火)后,将以MgO为主要成分的退火分离剂涂布于表面后,在1200℃实施5小时的最终精制退火,从而得到具有镁橄榄石覆膜的取向性电磁钢板。
此时,对于每个试样,改变一次再结晶退火中的500℃~700℃的升温过程的升温速度。将升温速度(单位:℃/秒)示于下述第1表。
接着,制备含有磷酸二氢盐、胶态二氧化硅、铬酸化合物的涂层处理液。所使用的磷酸二氢盐和铬酸化合物的种类示于下述第1表。需要说明的是,作为胶态二氧化硅,使用了日产化学工业公司制造的SNOWTEX30。
在制备涂层处理液时,按照磷酸二氢盐(以P2O5换算)和胶态二氧化硅(以SiO2换算)的摩尔比(P2O5/SiO2)为0.35的方式进行调整,按照铬酸化合物(以Cr2O3换算)和磷酸二氢盐(以P2O5换算)的质量比R(Cr2O3/P2O5)为下述第1表所示的值的方式进行调整。
将如此制备得到的涂层处理液涂布于得到的取向性电磁钢板的表面,进行烧结处理,从而形成涂层(厚度:1.0μm),得到具有涂层的取向性电磁钢板。此时,对于每个试样,改变烧结处理中的钢板温度。将钢板温度T(单位:温度)示于下述第1表。需要说明的是,烧结处理中的钢板温度条件下的均热时间为20秒。
对于得到的具有涂层的取向性电磁钢板,针对每个试样,对涂层所具有的磷酸盐的结晶相进行定量。需要说明的是,作为结晶相的定量方法,采用了下述方法:使用X射线衍射,由结晶成分和非晶质成分的积分强度比进行定量。结晶相的定量结果(单位:质量%)示于下述第1表。
另外,对于得到的具有涂层的取向性电磁钢板,对磁通密度为1.7T且频率为50Hz下的铁损W17/50进行测定,同时进行涂层赋予取向性电磁钢板的拉伸应力的测定。拉伸应力的测定是通过对以氢氧化钠去除单面的涂层时的取向性电磁钢板的翘曲量进行换算来进行的。测定得到的拉伸应力(单位:MPa)和铁损W17/50(单位:W/kg)的结果示于下述第1表。
[表1]
由上述第1表所示的结果可知,相对于不满足上述条件(i)或(ii)的试样(比较例),满足上述条件(i)或(ii)的试样(实施例)赋予取向性电磁钢板的拉伸应力高,铁损得到降低。
此时,一次再结晶退火中的500℃~700℃的升温速度为80℃/秒或250℃/秒的试样(No.22和23)与该升温速度为20℃/秒的试样相比,可知其在铁损的降低方面更为优异。
接着,改变涂层处理液的质量比R和烧结处理中的钢板温度T来形成涂层,对该涂层赋予取向性电磁钢板的拉伸应力进行测定,将其结果标绘成图1所示的图表。
需要说明的是,质量比R和烧结处理中的钢板温度T以外的条件(例如涂层处理液的含有成分等)与上述第1表中的No.1~10的试样相同。
图1为示出质量比R(Cr2O3/P2O5)、烧结处理中的钢板温度T和拉伸应力之间的关系的图表。
图1中,测定得到的拉伸应力小于11MPa的情况下,拉伸应力低、铁损降低差,将该情况标绘为“×”;为11MPa~13MPa的情况下,拉伸应力高、铁损降低优异,将该情况标绘为“○”;超过13MPa的情况下,拉伸应力高、铁损降低非常优异,将该情况标绘为“◎”。
由图1所示的图表明显可知,满足上述条件(i)或(ii)的范围的标绘均为“○”或“◎”,拉伸应力高且铁损降低优异。
可知,特别是满足上述条件(iii)的范围的标绘全部为“◎”,拉伸应力高且铁损降低非常优异。
Claims (3)
1.一种具有涂层的取向性电磁钢板,其具备取向性电磁钢板和涂层,
该涂层形成于所述取向性电磁钢板的表面,其含有P、Si、Cr和O元素、以及选自由Mg、Al、Ni、Co、Mn、Zn、Fe、Ca和Ba组成的组中的至少一种元素,并且5质量%以上为磷酸盐的结晶相。
2.一种具有涂层的取向性电磁钢板的制造方法,其具备下述工序:
准备取向性电磁钢板的工序;和
将涂层处理液涂布于所述取向性电磁钢板的表面后进行烧结处理,从而得到具有涂层的取向性电磁钢板的工序,该涂层处理液含有磷酸二氢盐、胶态二氧化硅和选自由铬酸酐、铬酸盐和重铬酸盐组成的组中的至少一种铬酸化合物,所述磷酸二氢盐含有选自由Mg、Al、Ni、Co、Mn、Zn、Fe、Ca和Ba组成的组中的至少一种元素,
将所述烧结处理中的钢板温度(单位:℃)设为T、将所述涂层处理液所含有的所述铬酸化合物(以Cr2O3换算)和所述磷酸二氢盐(以P2O5换算)的质量比(Cr2O3/P2O5)设为R的情况下,满足下述条件(i)或(ii),
(i)800≤T<860,T≥1010-399R,0.1≤R≤0.5
(ii)860≤T≤1000,T≥985-399R,0.1≤R≤0.5。
3.如权利要求2所述的具有涂层的取向性电磁钢板的制造方法,所述准备取向性电磁钢板的工序为下述工序:对取向性电磁钢板用板坯进行热轧,进行热轧板退火后,进行1次冷轧或夹着中间退火的两次以上的冷轧,接着进行一次再结晶退火,之后涂布退火分离剂,然后实施最终精制退火,从而得到所述取向性电磁钢板,
所述一次再结晶退火中的500℃~700℃的升温过程的升温速度为50℃/秒~300℃/秒。
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EP (1) | EP2799594B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP5858052B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR20140099923A (zh) |
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CN106906424A (zh) * | 2015-09-25 | 2017-06-30 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | 减少其反复磁化损耗的部件以及其制造方法 |
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CN109563627B (zh) * | 2016-08-30 | 2021-01-22 | 杰富意钢铁株式会社 | 带有被膜的金属、被膜形成用处理液和带有被膜的金属的制造方法 |
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CN110809644B (zh) * | 2017-07-13 | 2021-12-21 | 日本制铁株式会社 | 方向性电磁钢板 |
CN114106593A (zh) * | 2020-08-31 | 2022-03-01 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | 一种用于取向硅钢表面涂层的涂料、取向硅钢板及其制造方法 |
CN114106593B (zh) * | 2020-08-31 | 2022-06-28 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | 一种用于取向硅钢表面涂层的涂料、取向硅钢板及其制造方法 |
CN114381584A (zh) * | 2020-10-22 | 2022-04-22 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | 一种用于取向硅钢表面的绝缘涂层涂液、取向硅钢板及其制造方法 |
CN114381584B (zh) * | 2020-10-22 | 2024-03-08 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | 一种用于取向硅钢表面的绝缘涂层涂液、取向硅钢板及其制造方法 |
WO2023134740A1 (zh) | 2022-01-14 | 2023-07-20 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | 一种用于取向硅钢涂层的涂料、取向硅钢板及其制造方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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KR20140099923A (ko) | 2014-08-13 |
RU2580775C2 (ru) | 2016-04-10 |
WO2013099455A1 (ja) | 2013-07-04 |
JP5858052B2 (ja) | 2016-02-10 |
US20140377573A1 (en) | 2014-12-25 |
EP2799594A1 (en) | 2014-11-05 |
EP2799594A4 (en) | 2015-08-26 |
JPWO2013099455A1 (ja) | 2015-04-30 |
EP2799594B1 (en) | 2018-10-31 |
RU2014131107A (ru) | 2016-02-20 |
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