CH702188B1 - A regulating organ for a wristwatch, and a timepiece comprising such a regulating organ. - Google Patents

Abstract

Magnetic regulating member for a wristwatch movement, comprising: a pendulum (1); permanent magnets (2, 10) for bringing said balance to at least one rest position; an escapement (5, 6) for transmitting impulses to the balance to move the balance (1) away from the rest position; at least one said permanent magnet being formed of a non-sintered crystalline material, for example based on platinum and cobalt.

Description

Description: [0001] The present invention relates to a regulating organ for a wristwatch, and a timepiece for a wristwatch provided with such a movement.

Usual mechanical watches comprise an energy accumulator constituted by a cylinder, a kinematic chain, or cog, driving needles, a regulating organ determining the running of the watch, and an escapement to transmit the oscillations of the regulating organ to the gear train. The present invention relates in particular to the regulating organ.

The regulating organs of conventional mechanical watches most often comprise a rocker mounted on a rotating axis and a return member exerting a torque on the beam to bring it back to a rest position. The escapement maintains oscillations of the balance around the rest position. The return member generally comprises a spring, the spiral, which transmits a restoring torque to the balance beam through the ferrule.

The oscillator formed by the sprung-balance pair offers remarkable properties for the measurement of time. However, it has the disadvantage of being sensitive to gravity, which tends to deform the spiral differently depending on the inclination of the watch. Moreover, the manufacture of spiral is delicate, and these organs are traditionally difficult to obtain.

Also known electric watches whose running is regulated by an electromechanical oscillator having coils and magnets. For example, US 4,266,291 discloses an oscillating mechanism for horological application based on permanent magnets and requiring a power source to energize a stator with a pulsed current. GB 1 175 550 discloses a resonator comprising an H-piece provided with magnets oscillating in a magnetic field created by coils or electrostatic elements. The oscillation frequency is determined by the geometry of the resonator.

With respect to these documents, an object of the present invention is in particular to provide a regulating member which can also operate in a timepiece entirely mechanical and without battery or other current source.

On the other hand, CH 615 314 discloses a regulating member with a balance and a conventional spiral spring; the regularity of the oscillations is improved by means of a magnet mounted on a vibrating tongue and vibrating in the magnetic field of a fixed magnet. Similarly, US 2003/0137901 discloses a mechanical watch with magnets for detecting or correcting the position of the balance; the frequency of oscillations of the pendulum is, however, determined by an ordinary spiral. EP 1 122 619 describes various embodiments of a mechanical watch whose balance is provided with magnets generating a magnetic field in fixed induction coils linked to the movement. The intensity of the current in the coils makes it possible to control the amplitude of oscillation and therefore the running of the watch. It is also suggested to correct this step in case of irregular oscillations. The movements of the balance are however stabilized by a spiral, and not by magnets.

Various documents also describe a magnetic exhaust associated with a conventional regulating member. For example, US 3 183 426 discloses a magnetic escapement for watch movement. This device uses magnets arranged on the pendulum. However, it is not suggested to remove or replace the hairspring.

In the same way, CH 274 901 describes different variants of mechanical escapements associated with a conventional spiral spring regulating member.

These different solutions therefore require an additional magnetic system in addition to the spiral spring. They therefore have all the disadvantages of spiral springs, adding further complexity. An object of the present invention with respect to these various solutions is therefore to remove the spiral spring.

US 3 877 215 describes an organ which comprises a tuning fork whose vibrations are transmitted to the balance by magnetic coupling. GB 1 142 676 discloses another mechanical and magnetic oscillator with a tuning fork. CH 235 718 discloses a regulating organ for a watch comprising a flexible oscillating rod whose end is provided with a magnet vibrating in the magnetic field of a fixed magnetic pole.

These solutions allow to remove the spiral spring, but replace it with a tuning fork whose elastic deformations determine the running of the watch. The manufacture of a precise tuning fork poses similar or even more complex problems than the manufacture of a high precision hairspring.

US 3,621,424 discloses a pendulum oscillating in a magnetic field caused by a single magnet connected to the exhaust. The magnet serves both the exhaust and bring the pendulum back to its equilibrium position. The pendulum, however, must be subjected to the gravitational force and can only operate in a vertical position, that is to say in a clock.

[0014] US 4,308,605 discloses a regulating member for a timepiece provided with a vertical axis balance. Magnets make it possible to compensate for the gravitational force to compensate for the pressure differences on the two bearings and to limit the bending of the balance wheel shaft due to its own weight. The oscillations are controlled by a conventional spiral.

[0015] US 5,638,340 relates to a table clock with a pendulum oscillating levitation in a magnetic field, and which in a variant determines the operation of the watch. The oscillating member is thus completely decoupled from the kinematic drive chain of the needles. This device, however, requires a source of electrical energy to produce the levitation magnetic field and optoelectronic position control sensors of the pendulum. The mechanism is not suitable for a wristwatch.

GB 615 139 evokes a vertical gravitational pendulum clock. The end of the pendulum oscillates in a circular path controlled by magnets, and thus causes the movement of the watch.

Compared to these last four documents, an object of the present invention is in particular to provide a regulating member adapted to a wristwatch, and whose operation and operation are virtually independent of gravity and orientation of the regulating organ with respect to the vertical.

GB 644 948 describes a galvanometer with a mass of inertia which is provided with two movable magnets. A permanent fixed magnet generates a magnetic field for bringing the balance back into its equilibrium position. The oscillations are maintained by a conventional anchor escapement. This solution is only sketched schematically; magnets of relatively large size are however necessary. These magnets generate a magnetic field around the regulating organ, which is likely to disrupt the operation of the device and attract parts or organs nearby.

The patent application WO 2006/045 824 in the name of the applicant, whose content is incorporated herein by reference, proposes to replace the spiral spring of the prior art with at least one permanent magnet which pushes the balance to its position of rest against the pulses of the exhaust. The magnetic force of the magnet is independent of its orientation in space, and thus avoids the isochrononism disturbances that characterize the spiral springs when they deform under the action of gravity.

The solution described in the patent application WO 2006/045 824 uses fixed magnets relatively remote from the movable magnets on the balance, to push these movable magnets to the rest position at a distance. It is therefore necessary to use strong and therefore bulky magnets to generate a sufficient repulsion force. It has however been observed during tests and simulations in the context of the invention that a large part of the magnetic flux created by these magnets does not contribute to the progress of the balance, and escapes to other components of the invention. movement which it disrupts the operation.

Most of the above documents use permanent magnets in conventional materials chosen for their significant remanence, for example neodymiums, etc. Conventional magnets, however, are generally formed of sintered materials that are difficult to machine accurately. It is therefore difficult to produce magnets of dimension and volume perfectly reproducible, and difficult to mount and position precisely in a device.

An object of the present invention is therefore to provide a regulating member whose isochronism is improved over the regulating members of the prior art.

In particular, another object of the present invention is to provide a dimensioned magnetic regulating member and which can if necessary also be integrated in a small mechanical wristwatch movement, or even in an additional module superimposed over it an existing basic movement.

Another object is to provide a regulating member which is less sensitive to shocks and accelerations than the prior art regulating members, in particular a regulating member whose period is less disturbed by external shocks than regulating members known.

Another object is to provide a regulating organ which is insensitive to temperature variations.

Another object of the present invention is also to provide a mechanical timepiece based on a magnetic regulating member and without a spiral spring.

[0027] It is important for most watch brands to regularly propose technical innovations; this is a real challenge given the amount of published material concerning mechanical watches. An object of the present invention is therefore also to propose a regulating member for a wristwatch which is new and different from the regulating members of the prior art.

According to the invention, these objects are achieved by means of a main regulating device comprising the features of the claim, preferred variants being indicated in the dependent claims.

These goals are achieved in particular by means of a magnetic regulating member for a wristwatch, comprising: a balance wheel; permanent magnets for bringing said balance to at least one rest position; an escapement for transmitting impulses to the balance to move the balance from the rest position; at least one said permanent magnet being formed of a non-sintered crystalline material.

The invention also relates to a mechanical watch movement comprising a chronograph module comprising a regulating member according to the invention.

In an advantageous embodiment, the permanent magnets are made of an alloy of platinum and cobalt. The ferromagnetic properties of these alloys are certainly known. However, their use has become largely obsolete, because the alloy is expensive and the coercive field Hc is lower than that which can be obtained with more economical materials.

Platinum-cobalt alloys, however, have the advantage of being available in crystalline and ductile form, which makes it possible to machine them with very precise tolerances by using conventional machining tools, for example by milling, electro-machining erosion, etc. The dimensional accuracies that can be obtained are excellent, which makes it possible to ensure reproducibility of the volumes of magnetic material and therefore of the magnetic fields produced. Precise air gap and magnetic path distances can also be guaranteed by using these easy-to-machine materials.

The dimensional accuracy obtained is furthermore sufficient to prevent the use of glues for fixing the magnets, which can be maintained by mechanical means, for example by driving them into a housing provided for this purpose. This avoids disturbances of magnetic fields caused by the glue.

The platinum-cobalt alloys are also slightly oxidizable, and insensitive to temperature variations.

In a preferred embodiment, at least one permanent magnet is made of a material consisting of 75 to 78% platinum (for example 76.85%) and less than 24% cobalt.

[0036] Other unsintered magnetic materials may be employed for permanent magnets, including micropowder-based magnets, plastic magnets, or other ductile magnetic alloys (Fe-Cr-Co, Remalloy, Cunife, Cunico , Vicalloy, etc.). The weak coercive field of these other materials, however, makes their use less suitable for horological applications; it is necessary to use large volumes to generate the necessary magnetic fields. On the other hand, the magnetic field produced depends very much on temperature variations.

In an advantageous embodiment, the permanent magnets comprise several layers arranged so that the magnetic field variations compensate at least partially.

In an advantageous embodiment, the stationary magnets are connected to the plate or to a bridge, and polarized so as to attract the mobile magnets of the balance to the equilibrium position. The distance between the opposite poles of the fixed and mobile magnets is therefore minimal at the rest position, so that the attraction torque to this rest position is important.

This important torque makes it possible to oscillate the balance at a high frequency, and thus to obtain an improved resolution in the measurement of time. If a very high frequency is not essential, it is also possible to reduce this torque by using permanent magnets of small volume, which allows to miniaturize the movement.

In an advantageous embodiment, the restoring torque C of the balance varies proportionally or substantially proportionally to the angular position Θ of the balance: c = k · [[0041] K being a constant and 0 indicating the angle deflection of the balance relative to the rest position. This relationship is preferably true for at least a portion of the angular segment traveled by the balance during its normal oscillations, preferably for most of this segment. Due to this linear relationship, the magnetic regulating member operates almost isochronically, that is to say that the oscillation period is almost independent of its amplitude.

The invention will be better understood on reading the description of various embodiments illustrated by the figures which show:

Fig. 1 a top view of a magnetic regulating member according to a first embodiment.

Fig. 2 a perspective view of a regulating member according to a second embodiment.

Fig. 3 a perspective view of a regulating member according to a third embodiment.

Fig. 4 a sectional view of a regulating member according to the third embodiment.

Fig. A sectional view of a multilayer magnet.

FIG. 1 illustrates a top view of a magnetic regulating member for wristwatch movement, according to a first embodiment of the invention. The magnetic regulating organ mainly comprises an oscillator with a rocker 1 of which only the parts in the plane of the magnets are represented; the complete pendulum preferably includes a not shown serge mounted on the same axis 11 but in another plane.

The oscillator also comprises fixed permanent magnets 2, and an exhaust of which only the escape wheel 6 and a portion of the anchor 5 are shown. The exhaust 5, 6 is in this example entirely conventional, and may be constituted by a known anchor escapement. Other types of exhaust, including for example magnetic exhausts, can however also be used in this variant as well as in the other embodiments described in the application.

The pendulum 1 of the oscillator rotates about an axis 11 connected to a bridge and to the plate by means of unrepresented bearings, for example incabloc bearings or magnetic bearings. In the embodiment shown, an annular portion 10 at the periphery of the balance 1 is magnetized permanently and without discontinuities all around the balance. This annular portion 10 constitutes a dipole with two opposite poles spaced in this example by 180 ° and represented symbolically with the symbols + and -.

In the variant of FIG. 1, the permanent magnets 10 of the balance 1 are constituted by a ring magnetized continuously. This arrangement is advantageous because it is thus easier to obtain a return torque that varies linearly and continuously with the angular deflection Θ of the balance relative to the rest position. However, it is also possible to provide the balance 1 of several discrete magnets glued or reported, or to use a zone or a magnetization intensity which varies depending on the angular position around the balance. In another variant, the ring 10 is discontinuous, and for example provided with one or more air gaps, or magnetized with jumps / discontinuities of magnetization. The magnetization of the periphery 10 of the beam 1 can for example be obtained by magnetizing it by means of a recording head.

The magnetic regulating member of this example comprises two permanent fixed magnets 2 arranged at 180 ° from each other on either side of the balance. One of the poles of each magnet is towards the inside of the regulating organ and the opposite pole towards the outside. In addition, the polarities of the two fixed permanent magnets 2 are opposite each other, as illustrated with + and- symbols. The reference 7 corresponds to the gap (gap) between the fixed permanent magnets 2 of the stator and the magnets. movable rotor 10.

In the figure, the balance 1 is shown in the rest position, and the two poles of the balance 1 are each facing the middle of the fixed magnet 2 of opposite polarity. When the rocker 1 moves away from this rest position, for example under the effect of the escapement or shock, one of the two fixed permanent magnets 2 attracts it again, while the other magnet opposite the pushes back towards this position of rest.

The permanent fixed magnets 10 advantageously have in this example a shape comprising a central portion 21 and peripheral portions 20 on either side of the central portion 21. The section of the two peripheral portions 20 in a radial plane perpendicular to the page increases gradually away from the central portion 21. This results in a magnetic field, and therefore a mechanical return torque, which grow linearly throughout the section 20 when the rocker 1 moves away from the position of rest.

The central portion 21 of the fixed permanent magnets 2 however forms a protuberance and thus has a large radial section. These two protuberances 21 have several important effects: on the one hand, they make it possible to control the direction of the magnetic field lines and to make sure that these lines are as rectilinear as possible along the axis of symmetry of the stator, avoiding the deformations that would inevitably occur at both ends if the magnetic field was too weak in this portion 21. - On the other hand, these protuberances can create a very strong localized magnetic attraction zone near the rest zone desired, and thus avoid that the pendulum does not stop or is attracted to one or more other possible equilibrium zones (for example to the discontinuities formed by the junction between the magnets 2 and the yoke 3).

These protuberances have the disadvantage of introducing a discontinuity in the relationship between the angular deflection and the mechanical return torque; the torque increases instead of decreasing when the magnetic poles of the balance 1 are in the immediate vicinity of these protuberances 21 and that the balance approaches the rest position. This disturbance is, however, very local and nevertheless not very detrimental to isochronism, because it occurs only when the balance 1 receives the impulse of the exhaust; this pulse introduces a disturbance substantially greater than that produced by the protuberances 21, whose effect on isochronism can be neglected.

Other means that protrusions can be imagined to very locally strengthen the magnetic field near the rest positions; for example, it would be possible to magnetize more magnets at this location, or increase their thickness.

A yoke 3 made of soft magnetic material maintains and connects the two fixed magnets 2 to each other. This yoke also guides the magnetic flux between these magnets and limit the portion of the magnetic flux that escapes to other components of the watch. On the other hand, the magnetic field re-emitted by this yoke 3 also contributes to the generation of the pendulum return torque, and is used to control the direction and amplitude of this field in space. Note the substantially non-circular elliptical shape of the gap 7 between the yoke 3 and the balance 1. This form determined by calculation and numerical simulation is optimized to ensure the linearity between deflection angle and torque and in particular d ensure a significant restoring force when the rocker 1 moves away from the rest position and exceeds the angular segment of about 60 ° defined by the two permanent magnets 20. "Substantially elliptical" means here that the ellipse is deformed at both longitudinal ends by the protuberances 21; a not strictly elliptical oval shape could also be considered.

Mechanical or magnetic stops may be provided in order to limit the maximum amplitude of the oscillations of the balance 1. A magnetic stop, for example a strong magnetization zone integral with the cylinder head 3, allows the pendulum to be pushed back towards its position. rest without the disadvantages of mechanical stops causing shocks likely to disturb the isochronic movement of the balance.

FIG. 2 illustrates another variant of magnetic regulating member according to the invention. The balance 1 is made in the same manner as in the example of FIG. 1, and has a magnetized peripheral ring section 10. The fixed permanent magnets 2, however, have a simpler shape and comprise a single magnetic circular ring around the balance. A cylinder head 3 here in two parts surrounds this ring 2 and thus constitutes a magnetic shielding preventing the magnetic field from going out.

In this arrangement, the return torque is only very roughly proportional to the angular deflection © of the balance. Nevertheless, in order to guarantee isochronism, the balance 1 is forced here to perform oscillations of small amplitude over a sufficiently small angular segment so that the non-linearity can be practically neglected.

For this purpose, the magnetic regulating member comprises a gear with a wheel 20 on the axis 11 of the beam and a pinion 21 actuated by the fork of the anchor 5. With this gearing, the pulses given by the 5,6 exhaust cause a rotation of limited amplitude of the balance, so that the restoring torque is almost linear in this limited area.

A similar reduction can also be used with a regulating member similar to that of FIG. 1, or of FIG. 3 for example. Furthermore, it is also possible to introduce a gear upstream of the escape wheel 6, rather than downstream as in the example; this variant reduces the friction in the regulating member, but has the disadvantage of not being able to be integrated into an existing movement without a complete redesign.

The reduction 20, 21 however has the disadvantage of introducing additional losses by friction.

Figs. 3 and 4 illustrate another embodiment in which two permanent magnets 2 are arranged in two planes above, respectively below the plane of the balance 1. In the example, the positive pole of the upper permanent magnet 2 is directed towards the pendulum, while the negative pole of the lower permanent magnet is directed towards the pendulum. A yoke 3 connects and holds the two permanent magnets 2 and thus strengthens the magnetic field in the gap 7 between the two magnets and the balance.

The rocker 1 is provided with a single magnet 10, here a non-permanent magnet (punctual magnet) consisting of a ferromagnetic material. This magnet forms one of the spokes connecting the periphery of the balance to its axis 11. The outer end of this radius widens into a half-moon shape. The magnetization of this magnet is therefore determined by the magnetic field generated by the two fixed permanent magnets 2. The half-moon shape of the magnetized zone 10 guarantees a return torque which varies linearly with the deflection angle with respect to the rest position (not shown).

Other variants can be imagined in the context of the invention. For example, it is possible to provide the balance 1 of one or more permanent magnets and a movable breech ferromagnetic material (or not) to direct the magnetic field between these magnets. The fixed yoke - or the bolt - can be provided with an air gap to avoid the risk of saturation of the ferromagnetic material. It is also possible to use yokes formed of ferromagnetic sheets or grains of ferromagnetic materials, in order to control the induced currents that can circulate there. In a preferred embodiment, however, will use a cylinder head in a 50-50 alloy of iron and nickel, with little magnetic hysteresis.

The variation of the magnetic field and the magnetic torque as a function of the angular deflection can be controlled also by modifying the thickness, the section in a radial plane, and / or the magnetization of the fixed or mobile magnets as a function of the position. angular.

In all the above variants, the accuracy of the isochronism depends in a significant way on the shape of the permanent magnets. Initial manufacturing tests with standard neodymium-type magnets, or other common permanent magnets, have, however, proved inconclusive, since it is difficult or expensive to machine the sintered materials that make up these magnets with the required dimensional accuracy. usual permanent.

According to an independent characteristic of the invention, the magnetic regulating member implements permanent magnets in materials that are certainly slightly less powerful than the neodymium and other modern materials usually used, but which have the advantage of being unsintered and available in crystalline form; they can therefore be machined more easily with the required accuracy. In an advantageous embodiment, the magnets are based on unsintered platinum cobalt, which is one of the materials whose magnetic remanence is insensitive to temperature variations. This material also has the advantage of being slightly oxidizable, and therefore does not need to be nickel plated to protect it. Convincing tests were obtained with magnets consisting of 75 to 78% platinum (for example 76.85%) and less than 24% cobalt.

A heat treatment is preferably applied to the magnets after machining, to make it magnetizable.

The permanent magnets made of these materials can be machined with such precision that they are preferably simply driven or mechanically maintained in the movement; this avoids the use of glues, which disturb the direction of the magnetic field lines.

Other unsintered magnetic materials can be used for permanent magnets, including magnets based on micropowders, plastic magnets, or other ductile magnetic alloys (Fe-Cr-Co, Remalloy, Cunife, Cunico , Vicalloy, etc.). The weak coercive field of these other materials, however, makes their use less suitable for horological applications; it is necessary to use large volumes to generate the necessary magnetic fields. On the other hand, the magnetic field produced depends very much on temperature variations.

The march of the watch is determined at least in part by the magnetic field developed by the various permanent magnets, and the magnetic attraction force exerted on the balance. This field and force, however, vary with each individual magnet, and it is difficult to ensure perfect reproducibility during mass production. In order to compensate for this variability, the magnetic regulating member advantageously comprises means for adjusting the position of at least one individual magnet, making it possible to adjust it to the mounting in order to adjust the running of the watch. In an advantageous embodiment, these means are for example constituted by at least one micrometer screw, or another threaded element, allowing to bring closer or to separate at least one corresponding permanent fixed magnet from the balance, in order to influence the magnetic field. exerted by this magnet on the magnetized portions of the balance. It is also possible to adjust the angular distance between two permanent magnets.

Other adjustment means may be provided, for example by adjusting the size of an air gap in the cylinder head, or by adding or displacing compensating masses on the balance.

On the other hand, temperature compensation means can also be implemented, for example by using a conventional bimetallic balance which is deformed under the action of temperature. Alternatively, components with a high coefficient of expansion, or bimetallic components, are used to move the fixed or moving permanent magnets as a function of temperature, in particular to compensate for variations in the efficiency of the magnets when the temperature varies. .

FIG. 5 illustrates a sectional view of a multilayer magnet generating a magnetic field substantially independent of the temperature in the useful temperature ranges. In this example, the magnet comprises a layer 25 and another 27 polarized in the same direction and both made of a material whose magnetic remanence varies little with temperature. The intermediate layer 26 is made of another material (for example neodymium, etc.) polarized in the opposite direction and which generates a magnetic field smaller than the sum of the fields generated by the two layers 25 and 27. The magnetic remanence of the layer 26, however, varies greatly with temperature. The resulting stack of layers 25 to 27 is equivalent to a magnet polarized in the same direction as layers 25 and 27, the amplitude of the resulting field being decreased by layer 26. By judiciously choosing the materials and thicknesses of layers 25 at 27, it is thus possible to produce a magnet whose variations of remanence in the layers 25 and 27 are almost completely canceled by the variations in the layer or layers 26 polarized in the opposite direction.

The number of layers and / or materials used to make magnets insensitive to temperature may be different from the illustrative example shown in FIG. 4. In one embodiment, the magnets are formed of several materials whose remanence variations compensate for each other but without arranging the layered materials. Multilayer or multi-material magnets can be used for permanent magnets as well as for mobile permanent magnets.

In one embodiment, the currents induced by the rotating magnetic field created by the rotation of the magnetic balance are used to adjust the running of the watch. These currents can for example be measured by means of a coil connected to the movement, and their frequency or their phase used by an electronic circuit (which can itself be fed by these currents) to determine the running of the watch, and possibly correct it.

The bridges, plates, workings and other mobile elements close to the magnetic regulating member are preferably made of a non-magnetic material in order to limit the disturbances caused by parasitic magnetic flux escaping from the body despite the cylinder head. . Magnetic shields may be provided for magnetically separating the regulating member from sensitive elements in at least some directions. Advantageously, a grounding (that is to say platinum) of the adjacent elements in which currents can be induced is advantageously provided in order to protect these elements.

The magnetic regulating organ described is particularly effective for generating high return torques, and therefore high oscillation frequencies. A possible application relates for example to a magnetic regulating organ for a chronograph organ; the high oscillation frequency makes it possible to considerably improve the resolution and to mechanically time durations with a resolution of the tenth, hundredth or even thousandths of a second. For example, it is possible in the context of the invention to produce regulating members with more than 72,000 alternations per hour, for example 360,000 alternations, 720,000 alternations, or more. Even if the energy dissipated by the exhaust and gear at such frequencies is important, it is not detrimental for use in a stopwatch which is intended for use for limited periods. Furthermore, it is possible to drive this high frequency regulating member with an additional barrel, for example an independent of the main barrel used for displaying the time.

However, high frequencies require powerful magnets or very thick, which affects the desire for miniaturization.

Claims (11)

Such a regulating member may for example be added to the main regulating member used in a wristwatch movement to give the time. The watch comprises in this case a very high resolution and very high precision regulating member dedicated to the measurement of timed durations. This magnetic regulating member may also be mounted in the same movement as the main regulating member, or in an auxiliary module superimposed over the basic movement, for example in an additional chronograph module. The claimed solution also has the advantage of being devoid of spiral spring. In addition to the advantages mentioned above (supply, disturbances due to gravity, etc.), the removal of this member allows to see through the regulating member, between the spokes of the pendulum, without the hairspring screen the components in background. It will therefore advantageously dispose the magnetic regulating organ of the invention behind an opening of the dial or in the bottom of the watch, so as to clearly show the pendulum which oscillates quickly and the components behind the pendulum. The magnetic regulating member of the invention is preferably mounted in a movement and in a watch case revealing at least a portion of the balance, which allows the user to control his movements at any time. claims A magnetic regulating member for a wristwatch movement, comprising: a pendulum (1); permanent magnets (2, 10) for bringing said balance to at least one rest position; an escapement (5, 6) for transmitting impulses to the balance to move the balance (1) away from the rest position; characterized in that at least one of said permanent magnets is formed of a non-sintered crystalline material. The regulating member according to claim 1, wherein said at least one permanent magnet formed of a non-sintered crystalline material (2, 10) is made of a platinum-cobalt alloy. 3. regulating member according to one of claims 1 to 2, wherein said at least one permanent magnet formed of a non-sintered crystalline material (2, 10) is fixed by mechanical means. 4. regulating member according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein said at least one permanent magnet formed of a non-sintered crystalline material (2, 10) comprises several materials (25, 26, 27) arranged so that that the variations of magnetic remanence as a function of the temperature at least partially compensate for each other. 5. regulating organ according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein said at least one permanent magnet formed of a non-sintered crystalline material (2, 10) comprises several layers of materials (25, 26, 27) whose variations magnetic remanence as a function of temperature at least partially compensate for each other. 6. regulating member according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein said at least one permanent magnet formed of a non-sintered crystalline material (2, 10) is also formed of a heat-treated material after machining. 7. regulating member according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the permanent magnets comprise at least one fixed permanent magnet and at least one movable permanent magnet fixed on the balance, the regulating member comprising means for adjusting the position of said fixed permanent magnet (2) to bring it closer to or away from the balance (1) and thus adjust the running of the watch. 8. regulating member according to one of claims 1 to 7, comprising a magnetic escapement. 9. Regulating body according to one of claims 1 to 8, the rocker being maintained by a magnetic bearing. 10. Mechanical watch movement comprising a chronograph module whose operation is determined by a magnetic regulating member according to one of claims 1 to 9. 11. Movement according to claim 10, comprising: a first regulating member for determining the running of the watch; and: said magnetic regulating member for determining the chronograph module operation, the frequency of the magnetic regulating member used to determine the chronograph module running being greater than the frequency of the first regulating member.