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CA2476308A1 - Autonomous, ambulatory analyte monitor or drug delivery device - Google Patents

Autonomous, ambulatory analyte monitor or drug delivery device Download PDF

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Publication number
CA2476308A1
CA2476308A1 CA002476308A CA2476308A CA2476308A1 CA 2476308 A1 CA2476308 A1 CA 2476308A1 CA 002476308 A CA002476308 A CA 002476308A CA 2476308 A CA2476308 A CA 2476308A CA 2476308 A1 CA2476308 A1 CA 2476308A1
Authority
CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
microneedles
pharmaceutical agent
operable
microchannels
monitoring
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CA002476308A
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
CA2476308C (en
Inventor
John Gregory Aceti
Sterling Eduard Mcbride
Richard Morgan Moroney Iii
Christopher Carter Gregory
Peter John Zanzucchi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Intuity Medical Inc
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of CA2476308A1 publication Critical patent/CA2476308A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CA2476308C publication Critical patent/CA2476308C/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

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    • A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
    • A61B5/14532—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue for measuring glucose, e.g. by tissue impedance measurement
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    • A61B5/1451—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue specially adapted for measuring characteristics of body fluids other than blood for interstitial fluid
    • A61B5/14514—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue specially adapted for measuring characteristics of body fluids other than blood for interstitial fluid using means for aiding extraction of interstitial fluid, e.g. microneedles or suction
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    • A61B5/14546—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue for measuring analytes not otherwise provided for, e.g. ions, cytochromes
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    • A61B5/15115—Driving means for propelling the piercing element to pierce the skin, e.g. comprising mechanisms based on shape memory alloys, magnetism, solenoids, piezoelectric effect, biased elements, resilient elements, vacuum or compressed fluids
    • A61B5/15119—Driving means for propelling the piercing element to pierce the skin, e.g. comprising mechanisms based on shape memory alloys, magnetism, solenoids, piezoelectric effect, biased elements, resilient elements, vacuum or compressed fluids comprising shape memory alloys
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    • A61B5/15101—Details
    • A61B5/15115—Driving means for propelling the piercing element to pierce the skin, e.g. comprising mechanisms based on shape memory alloys, magnetism, solenoids, piezoelectric effect, biased elements, resilient elements, vacuum or compressed fluids
    • A61B5/15123—Driving means for propelling the piercing element to pierce the skin, e.g. comprising mechanisms based on shape memory alloys, magnetism, solenoids, piezoelectric effect, biased elements, resilient elements, vacuum or compressed fluids comprising magnets or solenoids
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61B5/15163—Characterized by propelling the piercing element in an axial direction relative to the disc
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    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/483—Physical analysis of biological material
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  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
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  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
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  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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  • Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)
  • Infusion, Injection, And Reservoir Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Media Introduction/Drainage Providing Device (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to analyte monitoring/drug (pharmaceutical agent) delivery device (10). The invention is suited for monitoring various blood constituents such as glucose. The device has a housing (12) that at least partially encloses a plurality of microneedles (14) disposed on a carrier (16) and an electronics portion (18). Each microneedle (14) is in fluid communication with a corresponding microchannel (20). Each microneedle (14) is individually addressable. That is, each microneedle (14) can be extended and retracted individually via an actuator (22). The electronics portion (18) includes a processor (30) and associated circuitry (e.g., memory, supporting electronics and the like), a motor (32) or the like, a sensor (34), a power supply (e.g., battery) (36) and optionally an interface (38). In general, the processor (30) controls the operation of the device (10) and is data communication with the actuator (22), motor (34) and interface.

Claims (59)

1. An analyte monitoring device operable to draw a fluid sample from a subject, the device comprising:
a first plurality of microneedles, a plurality of monitoring microchannels, wherein each of the first plurality of microneedles is at least intermittently in fluid communication with a corresponding monitoring microchannel, and wherein each monitoring microchannel is associated with a reagent;
at least one actuator operable to extend each microneedle to draw the fluid sample from the subject, and a controller operable to initiate analyte testing of the fluid sample.
2. The device of claim 1 wherein the actuator is operable to extend at least one of the first plurality of microneedles omnidirectionally.
3. The device of claim 1 wherein each of the first plurality of microneedles has an internal diameter in the range of about 25 to 200 micrometers.
4. The device of claim 1 wherein each of the first plurality of microneedles is fabricated, from at least one of metal, plastic, glass and crystal.
5. The device of claim 1 wherein each of the first plurality of microneedles has a distal end that is operable to penetrate into a skin surface to a maximum of about 2.5 mm.
6. The device of claim 1 wherein the fluid sample is substantially blood.
7. The device of claim 1 wherein each of the first plurality of microneedles is at least intermittently in fluid communication with a monitoring microchannel via a conduit.
8. The device of claim 1 wherein each monitoring microchannel is operable to store the fluid sample and accumulation of the fluid sample in the monitoring microchannel is entirely dependent on capillary forces.
9. The device of claim 1 wherein each of the monitoring microchannels,has at least one internal surface that is at least partially coated with at least one insoluble material to enhance the capillary forces and minimize coagulation.
10. The device of claim 1 wherein the plurality of monitoring microchannels are fabricated in an array.
11. The device of claim 1 wherein the monitoring microchannels are fabricated in an array having approximately 50 - 150 microchannels formed in a maximum diameter of approximately 5 cm.
12. The device of claim 1 wherein each of the first plurality of microneedles is dimensioned for volumes of fluid in the range of about 50-500 nanoliters.
13. The device of claim 1 comprising a detector operable to determine when the fluid sample completely fills at least one monitoring microchannel such that the accumulation of the fluid sample with the associated microneedle may be terminated.
14. The device of claim 1 wherein at least one monitoring microchannel is in fluid communication with at least one reagent operable to assay for analytes selected from the group of (a) glucose, (b) cholesterol, (c) ethanol, (d) digoxin, (e) HDL
cholesterol, (f) lithium, (g) sodium, (h) phenytoin, (i) therophylline,(j) cyclosporine, (k) cancer chemotheraphy drugs, (1) DNA, (m) RNA, (n) extended phenytonin sodium, (o) warfarin sodium, and (p)proteins derived from blood.
15. The device of claim 1 wherein at least two monitoring microchannels are associated with a single microneedle so that multiple assays can be performed using a single microneedle.
16. The device of claim 1 comprising a second plurality of microneedles and a plurality of calibration microchannels filled with calibration fluid, wherein at least one assay is initiated for calibration purposes.
17. The device of claim 1 comprising a third plurality of microneedles and a plurality of pharmaceutical agent delivery microchannels wherein each pharmaceutical agent delivery microchannel is at least partially filled with a pharmaceutical agent.
18. The device of claim 1 wherein at least one monitoring microchannel is sealed with a polymer.
19. The device of claim 1 wherein the controller is operable to initiate analyte testing based on a time schedule.
20. The device of claim 19 wherein the controller is operable to adjust the analyte testing time schedule.
21. The device of claim 1 wherein the controller is operable to couple to a portable computing device.
22. The device of claim 21 wherein the portable computing device is a PDA.
23. The device of claim 21 wherein at least one of the controller and the portable computing device is operable to select or modify times for analyte testing.
24. The device of claim 1 wherein the plurality of microneedles and plurality of monitoring microchannels are disposable.
25. The device of claim 1 wherein the controller and the actuator are reusable.
26. The device of claim 1 wherein the plurality of microneedles, plurality of monitoring microchannels, actuator and controller are portable.
27. The device of claim 1 comprising a heating source operable to heat at least one injection site prior to extending a microneedle.
28. The device of claim 27 wherein the heating source is an optical heating source.
29. The device of claim 1 comprising a housing at least partially coated with an adhesive operable to attach the housing to a surface, wherein the housing at least partially enclosing the plurality of microneedles and the monitoring microchannels.
30. The device of claim 1 comprising a generally disc shaped housing at least partially enclosing the plurality of microneedles and the monitoring microchannels.
31. A pharmaceutical agent delivery device operable to deliver a pharmaceutical agent to a subject, the device comprising:
a first plurality of microneedles, a plurality of pharmaceutical agent delivery microchannels, wherein each of the first plurality of microneedles is at least intermittently in fluid communication with a corresponding pharmaceutical agent delivery microchannel, and wherein each pharmaceutical agent delivery microchannel is at least partially filled with a pharmaceutical agent, at least one actuator operable to extend each microneedle to deliver the pharmaceutical agent to the subject, and a controller operable to initiate delivery of the pharmaceutical agent.
32. The device of claim 31 wherein the actuator is operable to extend at least one of the first plurality of microneedles omnidirectionally.
33. The device of claim 31 wherein each of the first plurality of microneedles has an internal diameter in the range of about 25 to 200 micrometers.
34. The device of claim 31 wherein each of the first plurality of microneedles is fabricated from at least one of metal, plastic, glass and crystal.
35. The device of claim 31 wherein each of the first plurality of microneedles has a distal end that is operable to penetrate into a skin surface to a maximum of about 2.5 mm.
36. The device of claim 31 wherein each of the first plurality of microneedles is at least intermittently in fluid communication with a pharmaceutical agent delivery microchannel via a conduit.
37. The device of claim 31 wherein the delivery of the at least one pharmaceutical agent delivery is at least partially dependent on hydraulic forces.
38. The device of claim 31 wherein the plurality of pharmaceutical agent delivery microchannels are fabricated in an array.
39. The device of claim 31 wherein the pharmaceutical agent delivery microchannels are fabricated in an array having approximately 50 - 150 microchannels formed in a maximum diameter of approximately 5 cm.
40. The device of claim 31 wherein each of the first plurality of microneedles is dimensioned for volumes of fluid in the range of about 50-500 nanoliters.
41. The device of claim 31 comprising a detector operable to determine when the pharmaceutical agent delivery microchannel is empty.
42. The device of claim 31 comprising a third plurality of microneedles and a plurality of monitoring microchannels wherein each monitoring microchannel is associated with a reagent.
43. The device of claim 31 wherein at least one pharmaceutical agent delivery microchannel is sealed with a polymer.
44. The device of claim 31 wherein the controller is operable to initiate pharmaceutical agent delivery based on a time schedule.
45. The device of claim 44 wherein the controller is operable to adjust the pharmaceutical agent delivery time schedule.
46. The device of claim 31 wherein the controller is operable to couple to a portable computing device.
47. The device of claim 46 wherein the portable computing device is a PDA.
48. The device of claim 46 wherein at least one of the controller and the portable computing device is operable to select or modify times for analyte testing.
49. The device of claim 31 wherein the plurality of microneedles and plurality of pharmaceutical agent delivery microchannels are disposable.
50. The device of claim 31 wherein the controller and the actuator are reusable.
51. The device of claim 31 wherein the plurality of microneedles, plurality of pharmaceutical agent delivery microchannels, actuator and controller are portable.
52. The device of claim 31 comprising a heating source operable to heat at least one injection site prior to extending a microneedle.
53. The device of claim 52 wherein the heating source is an optical heating source.
54. The device of claim 31 comprising a housing at least partially coated with an adhesive operable to attach the housing to a surface, wherein the housing at least partially enclosing the plurality of microneedles and the pharmaceutical agent delivery microchannels.
55. The device of claim 31 comprising a generally disc shaped housing at least partially enclosing the plurality of microneedles and the pharmaceutical agent delivery microchannels.
56. In combination a device having an analyte monitor portion operable to draw a fluid sample from a subject and a pharmaceutical agent delivery portion operable to deliver a pharmaceutical agent to the subject, the device comprising:
a first plurality of microneedles, a plurality of monitoring microchannels, wherein each of the first plurality of microneedles is at least intermittently in fluid communication with a corresponding monitoring microchannel, and wherein each monitoring microchannel is associated with a reagent, a second plurality of microneedles, a plurality of pharmaceutical agent delivery microchannels, wherein each of the, second plurality of microneedles is at least intermittently in fluid communication with a corresponding pharmaceutical agent delivery microchannel, and wherein each pharmaceutical agent delivery microchannel is at least partially filled with a pharmaceutical agent, at least one actuator operable to extend each microneedle and one of draw the fluid sample from the subject and deliver the pharmaceutical agent to the subject, and a controller operable to initiate analyte testing of the fluid sample and delivery of the pharmaceutical agent.
57. The device of claim 56 comprising a third plurality of microneedles and a plurality of calibration microchannels filled with calibration fluid, wherein at least one assay is initiated for calibration purposes.
58. A method for automated analyte monitoring comprising:
a) providing a first plurality of microneedles, b) providing a plurality of monitoring microchannels, wherein each of the first plurality of microneedles is at least intermittently in fluid communication with a monitoring microchannel, and wherein each monitoring microchannel is associated with a reagent, c) sequentially extending a microneedle thereby obtaining a fluid sample from a subject, d) initiating analyte testing of the fluid sample, and e) providing a controller operable to automatically repeat steps c and d.
59. A method for automated pharmaceutical agent delivery comprising:
a) providing a first plurality of microneedles, b) providing a plurality of pharmaceutical agent delivery microchannels, wherein each of the first plurality of microneedles is at least intermittently in fluid communication with a corresponding pharmaceutical agent delivery microchannel, and wherein each pharmaceutical agent delivery microchannel is at least partially filled with a pharmaceutical agent, c) sequentially extending a microneedle thereby delivering the pharmaceutical agent to a subject, d) providing a controller operable to automatically repeat step c.
CA2476308A 2002-02-08 2003-02-07 Autonomous, ambulatory analyte monitor or drug delivery device Expired - Lifetime CA2476308C (en)

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