BE1009248A3 - Duct flexible pvf3 and its application to metal flexible. - Google Patents
Duct flexible pvf3 and its application to metal flexible. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- BE1009248A3 BE1009248A3 BE9401137A BE9401137A BE1009248A3 BE 1009248 A3 BE1009248 A3 BE 1009248A3 BE 9401137 A BE9401137 A BE 9401137A BE 9401137 A BE9401137 A BE 9401137A BE 1009248 A3 BE1009248 A3 BE 1009248A3
- Authority
- BE
- Belgium
- Prior art keywords
- sep
- flexible
- sheath
- pvf3
- application
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
- B29D23/00—Producing tubular articles
- B29D23/001—Pipes; Pipe joints
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L9/00—Rigid pipes
- F16L9/14—Compound tubes, i.e. made of materials not wholly covered by any one of the preceding groups
- F16L9/147—Compound tubes, i.e. made of materials not wholly covered by any one of the preceding groups comprising only layers of metal and plastics with or without reinforcement
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2027/00—Use of polyvinylhalogenides or derivatives thereof as moulding material
- B29K2027/12—Use of polyvinylhalogenides or derivatives thereof as moulding material containing fluorine
- B29K2027/14—PVF, i.e. polyvinyl fluoride
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Insulated Conductors (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Details Of Indoor Wiring (AREA)
- Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
L'invention concerne des gaines souples à base de polytrifluoroéthylène. Ces gaines peuvent être disposées autour d'un tube métallique flexible et être utilisées comme flexibles off shore.The invention relates to flexible sheaths based on polytrifluoroethylene. These sheaths can be arranged around a flexible metal tube and be used as flexible offshore.
Description
<Desc/Clms Page number 1>
GAINE SOUPLE EN PVF3 ET SON APPLICATION AUX FLEXIBLES METALLIQUES
La présente invention concerne une gaine souple en PVF3 et son application aux flexibles métalliques.
Il est courant d'utiliser des flexibles pour l'exploitation de pétrole et de gaz en mer. Ces flexibles sont constitués d'un tube flexible interne en acier, d'une gaine en matière plastique dont la fonction est d'assurer l'étanchéité aux pétroles et aux gaz et d'armatures métalliques De tels flexibles sont par exemple écrits dans le brevet européen EP 166 385.
Comme gaine thermoplastique d'étanchéité, on utilise des polyamides qui conviennent lorsque la température d'exploitation des fluides ne dépasse pas 80 à 1000 C.
A plus haute température, par exemple, jusqu'à 130 ou 140 C, on utilise le polyfluorure de vinylidène. Mais ce polymère étant semi-cristallin et sa rigidité élevée, son utilisation n'est pas possible telle quelle dans une structure destinée à être enroulée et déroulée parfois à très basse température sans avoir recours à une plastification interne ou externe
Un exemple de plastification interne est donné dans le brevet EP 166 385 cité précédemment : on copolymérise le fluorure de vinylidène avec un monomère fluoré.
On augmente ainsi la souplesse de la gaine mais on diminue généralement sa température d'utilisation, on augmente sa perméabilité aux gaz et constate une sensibilité accrue (par rapport à l'homopolymère) à l'éclatement en décompression brutale rendant son utilisation dangereuse pour certaines températures et pressions de service élevées
L'utilisation de plastifiants externes est citée dans les brevets français
2 560 884, 2 592 655 et 2 618 791 Certains plastifiants rendent possible l'utilisation du PVDF homopolymère lors de la manutention des flexibles en l'assouplissant. Mais en service, il est constaté que la gaine retrouve peu à peu sa rigidité d'origine par départ du plastifiant généralement très compatible avec le PVDF.
Non seulement la rigidité augmente, mais également une fragilisation apparaît du fait de
<Desc/Clms Page number 2>
la création de tensions internes dues au départ du plastifiant et la tendance au retrait empêché de la gaine.
On a trouvé que tous ces inconvénients dûs à la nécessaire plastification interne ou externe du PVDF étaient supprimés pour l'utilisation d'un polymère comprenant des motifs trifluoroéthylène. La demanderesse a découvert qu'on pouvait faire des gaines (ou des tuyaux) particulièrement souples, en utilisant un polymère comprenant des motifs trifluoroéthylène.
On obtient ainsi des gaines ayant une température d'utilisation très supérieure à celles réalisées en PVDF. De plus, la gaine est beaucoup plus souple.
Outre le trifluoroéthylène (VF3), le polymère des gaines de l'invention peut comprendre aussi les restes des motifs chlorotrifluoroéthylène, tetrafluoroéthylène, hexafluoropropène, fluorure de vinylidène, ou éthylène
On ne sortirait pas du cadre de l'invention en y ajoutant des charges, des pigments ou même un peu de plastifiants du type ester ou sulfonamide.
L'invention concerne aussi un tube métallique flexible recouvert d'une gaine selon la présente invention.
Le flexible obtenu est particulièrement utile pour le transport d'hydrocarbures liquides ou gazeux à température élevée. Ce flexible peut alors être recouvert de couches de protection telles que des caoutchoucs, des toiles métalliques ou textiles....
Pour le transport du gaz, on préfère que le polymère de la gaine soit essentiellement l'homopolymere du triflucroéthylène
L'invention concerne aussi des câbles recouverts de la gaine de l'invention.
Que ce soit les câbles ou les tubes flexibles, on peut recouvrir cette gaine par un procédé d'extrusion.
Le câble peut être un fil métallique ou un toron ou plusieurs torons formant un câble métallique
<Desc/Clms Page number 3>
Exemples
Autour d'un tube flexible d'acier de 32 mm de diamètre constitué de spires entre lesquelles se trouvent des creux et interstices permettant son articulation, on extrude une gaine thermoplastique de 5 mm d'épaisseur.
Pour comparer l'aptitude à l'enroulement de différents matériaux constituant la gaine, on dispose du mode opératoire suivant :
Le tube gainé est placé sur deux supports fixes Au moyen d'un galet de cintrage de 75 mm de rayon, on appuie à équidistance des points d'appui du tube.
On applique sur le galet la pression nécessaire pour déformer le tube gainé et lui donner le rayon de courbure du galet. La hauteur d'enfoncement du galet indique l'aptitude à la déformation du flexible. La hauteur maximum est de 170 mm : elle correspond à l'enroulement parfait du tube gainé sur le galet. Si avant enroulement parfait du tube gainé il y a rupture, on note la hauteur Plus elle est élevée, plus le flexible est apte à la flexion.
On effectue, de plus, le test à différentes températures.
<Desc/Clms Page number 4>
EMI4.1
Exemple 1 Hauteur d'enfoncement du galet avant rupture (en mm-170 mm correspond au maximum)
EMI4.2
<tb>
<tb> Echantillon <SEP> 1 <SEP> Il <SEP> III <SEP> IV
<tb> 200 <SEP> C <SEP> 120 <SEP> 170 <SEP> 170 <SEP> 170
<tb> - <SEP> 300 <SEP> C <SEP> 80 <SEP> 150 <SEP> 100 <SEP> 160
<tb>
Gaine l : homopolymère de VF2-Foraflon 1 000 de ELF ATOCHEM.
Gaine Il : homopolymère de VF2 + 7,5 % en poids de N-butylbenzène sulfonamlde
Gaine III : copolymère de VF2 et d'hexafluoropropène dans le rapport molaire 95/5.
Gaine IV : l'homopolymère de VF3.
<Desc/Clms Page number 5>
Exemple 2
On soumet les 4 tubes flexibles gainés à un vieillissement thermique pendant 3 mois à 150 C On effectue ensuite les tests comme décrit précédemment.
Hauteur d'enfoncement du galet avant rupture (en mm-170 mm correspond au maximum)
EMI5.1
<tb>
<tb> Echantillon <SEP> 1 <SEP> Il <SEP> III <SEP> IV
<tb> 200 <SEP> C <SEP> 100 <SEP> 90 <SEP> Gaine <SEP> fondue <SEP> 170
<tb> inutilisable
<tb> -30 C <SEP> 40 <SEP> 40 <SEP> Gaine <SEP> fondue <SEP> 140
<tb> inutilisable
<tb>
<Desc/Clms Page number 6>
Exemple 3
Les 4 flexibles sont soumis à un vieillissement thermique pendant 3 mois à 180 C. On effectue ensuite les tests comme décrits précédemment.
Hauteur d'enfoncement du galet avant rupture (en mm-170 mm correspond au maximum)
EMI6.1
<tb>
<tb> Echantillon <SEP> 1 <SEP> Il <SEP> III <SEP> IV
<tb> 20 <SEP> C <SEP> Gaines <SEP> Gaines <SEP> Gaines <SEP> 160
<tb> inutilisables <SEP> inutilisables <SEP> inutilisables
<tb> - <SEP> 30'*C <SEP> fondue-fondue-fondue-110
<tb> déformée <SEP> déformée <SEP> déformée
<tb>
<Desc / Clms Page number 1>
FLEXIBLE SHEATH IN PVF3 AND ITS APPLICATION TO METAL FLEXIBLES
The present invention relates to a flexible PVF3 sheath and its application to metallic hoses.
It is common to use hoses for oil and gas exploitation at sea. These hoses consist of an internal flexible steel tube, a plastic sheath whose function is to ensure sealing to oils and gases and to metallic reinforcements. Such flexible pipes are for example written in European patent EP 166 385.
As thermoplastic sealing sheath, polyamides are used which are suitable when the operating temperature of the fluids does not exceed 80 to 1000 C.
At higher temperature, for example, up to 130 or 140 ° C., polyvinylidene fluoride is used. But this polymer being semi-crystalline and its high rigidity, its use is not possible as such in a structure intended to be wound and unwound sometimes at very low temperature without having to use internal or external plasticization
An example of internal plasticization is given in patent EP 166 385 cited above: vinylidene fluoride is copolymerized with a fluorinated monomer.
This increases the flexibility of the sheath but generally reduces its temperature of use, increases its permeability to gases and notes an increased sensitivity (compared to the homopolymer) to bursting in sudden decompression making its use dangerous for some high operating temperatures and pressures
The use of external plasticizers is cited in French patents
2,560,884, 2,592,655 and 2,618,791 Certain plasticizers make it possible to use homopolymer PVDF when handling hoses by softening it. But in service, it is found that the sheath gradually regains its original rigidity by leaving the plasticizer generally very compatible with PVDF.
Not only does the rigidity increase, but also a weakening appears due to
<Desc / Clms Page number 2>
the creation of internal tensions due to the departure of the plasticizer and the tendency to prevent shrinkage of the sheath.
It has been found that all of these drawbacks due to the necessary internal or external plasticization of PVDF were eliminated for the use of a polymer comprising trifluoroethylene units. The Applicant has discovered that particularly flexible sheaths (or pipes) can be made, using a polymer comprising trifluoroethylene units.
Sheaths are thus obtained having a temperature of use much higher than those made of PVDF. In addition, the sheath is much more flexible.
In addition to trifluoroethylene (VF3), the sheath polymer of the invention may also comprise the residues of the chlorotrifluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropene, vinylidene fluoride or ethylene units.
It would not go beyond the scope of the invention to add fillers, pigments or even a little plasticizer of the ester or sulfonamide type.
The invention also relates to a flexible metal tube covered with a sheath according to the present invention.
The hose obtained is particularly useful for transporting liquid or gaseous hydrocarbons at high temperature. This hose can then be covered with protective layers such as rubbers, metallic or textile fabrics, etc.
For gas transport, it is preferred that the sheath polymer is essentially the homopolymer of triflucroethylene
The invention also relates to cables covered with the sheath of the invention.
Whether it is cables or flexible tubes, this sheath can be covered by an extrusion process.
The cable can be a wire or a strand or several strands forming a metal cable
<Desc / Clms Page number 3>
Examples
A 5 mm thick thermoplastic sheath is extruded around a 32 mm diameter flexible steel tube made up of turns between which there are hollows and interstices allowing its articulation.
To compare the suitability for winding of different materials constituting the sheath, the following procedure is available:
The sheathed tube is placed on two fixed supports. By means of a bending roller with a radius of 75 mm, the bearing points of the tube are pressed equidistantly.
The pressure necessary to deform the sheathed tube and give it the radius of curvature of the roller is applied to the roller. The drive-in height of the roller indicates the ability of the hose to deform. The maximum height is 170 mm: it corresponds to the perfect winding of the sheathed tube on the roller. If before perfect winding of the sheathed tube there is a break, note the height The higher it is, the more the hose is able to flex.
In addition, the test is carried out at different temperatures.
<Desc / Clms Page number 4>
EMI4.1
Example 1 Drive-in height of the roller before failure (in mm-170 mm corresponds to the maximum)
EMI4.2
<tb>
<tb> Sample <SEP> 1 <SEP> It <SEP> III <SEP> IV
<tb> 200 <SEP> C <SEP> 120 <SEP> 170 <SEP> 170 <SEP> 170
<tb> - <SEP> 300 <SEP> C <SEP> 80 <SEP> 150 <SEP> 100 <SEP> 160
<tb>
Sheath l: homopolymer of VF2-Foraflon 1000 from ELF ATOCHEM.
Sheath II: homopolymer of VF2 + 7.5% by weight of N-butylbenzene sulfonamide
Sheath III: copolymer of VF2 and hexafluoropropene in the molar ratio 95/5.
Sheath IV: the homopolymer of VF3.
<Desc / Clms Page number 5>
Example 2
The 4 sheathed flexible tubes are subjected to thermal aging for 3 months at 150 C. The tests are then carried out as described above.
Drive-in height of the roller before failure (in mm-170 mm corresponds to the maximum)
EMI5.1
<tb>
<tb> Sample <SEP> 1 <SEP> It <SEP> III <SEP> IV
<tb> 200 <SEP> C <SEP> 100 <SEP> 90 <SEP> Sheath <SEP> melted <SEP> 170
<tb> unusable
<tb> -30 C <SEP> 40 <SEP> 40 <SEP> Sheath <SEP> melted <SEP> 140
<tb> unusable
<tb>
<Desc / Clms Page number 6>
Example 3
The 4 hoses are subjected to thermal aging for 3 months at 180 C. The tests are then carried out as described above.
Drive-in height of the roller before failure (in mm-170 mm corresponds to the maximum)
EMI6.1
<tb>
<tb> Sample <SEP> 1 <SEP> It <SEP> III <SEP> IV
<tb> 20 <SEP> C <SEP> Ducts <SEP> Ducts <SEP> Ducts <SEP> 160
<tb> unusable <SEP> unusable <SEP> unusable
<tb> - <SEP> 30 '* C <SEP> fondue-fondue-fondue-110
<tb> distorted <SEP> distorted <SEP> distorted
<tb>
Claims (5)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9315235A FR2714140B1 (en) | 1993-12-17 | 1993-12-17 | Flexible sheath in PVF3 and its application to metallic hoses. |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
BE1009248A3 true BE1009248A3 (en) | 1997-01-07 |
Family
ID=9454071
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
BE9401137A BE1009248A3 (en) | 1993-12-17 | 1994-12-16 | Duct flexible pvf3 and its application to metal flexible. |
Country Status (15)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JP2803584B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR950018074A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1114932A (en) |
AU (1) | AU688413B2 (en) |
BE (1) | BE1009248A3 (en) |
BR (1) | BR9405112A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2138355A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE4445083A1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK143794A (en) |
FI (1) | FI945931L (en) |
FR (1) | FR2714140B1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2284819B (en) |
IT (1) | IT1271733B (en) |
NO (1) | NO944863L (en) |
SE (1) | SE9404251A0 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB9611668D0 (en) * | 1996-06-05 | 1996-08-07 | Balmoral Group | Pipe coating |
CN1100081C (en) * | 2000-08-01 | 2003-01-29 | 上海天臣新技术有限公司 | Antiforge pressure-sensitive marker of high-molecular porous compound film and its preparing process |
US8997797B2 (en) | 2009-03-23 | 2015-04-07 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Fluororesin and riser pipe |
JP6766958B2 (en) | 2017-05-10 | 2020-10-14 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | Sheets, laminates, pipes, riser tubes and flow lines |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2502288A1 (en) * | 1981-02-18 | 1982-09-24 | Kendall & Co | PROCESS FOR REVEATING A TUBE AND TUBE OBTAINED |
FR2560884A1 (en) * | 1984-03-06 | 1985-09-13 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | VINYLIDENE POLYFLUORIDE COMPOSITIONS WITH IMPROVED FLEXIBILITY AND USE THEREOF, IN PARTICULAR IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FLEXIBLE TUBES |
FR2592655A1 (en) * | 1986-01-07 | 1987-07-10 | Atochem | COMPOSITE BASED ON VINYLIDENE POLYFLUORIDE WITH IMPROVED HOLD IN CONTACT WITH HYDROCARBONS - APPLICATION TO THE MANUFACTURE OF TUBE FOR THE OIL INDUSTRY. |
FR2618791A1 (en) * | 1987-07-31 | 1989-02-03 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | POLYMER COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING VINYLIDENE POLYFLUORIDE AND AN ELASTOMER, THEIR PREPARATION AND USES THEREOF |
DE3928269A1 (en) * | 1988-08-26 | 1990-03-08 | Usui Kokusai Sangyo Kk | COATED METAL PIPE AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2739246A1 (en) * | 1977-08-31 | 1979-03-15 | Siemens Ag | Wires with balloon insulation of polyester or fluorocarbon! - giving low dielectric constant and good stability |
JPS5951421B2 (en) * | 1978-01-24 | 1984-12-13 | 旭硝子株式会社 | Piping materials suitable for moist heat fluids |
JPS59177199A (en) * | 1983-03-26 | 1984-10-06 | Kurita Water Ind Ltd | Method for suppressing bacterial growth in piping |
JPS59200202A (en) * | 1983-04-27 | 1984-11-13 | Sumitomo Chem Co Ltd | Optical transmission fiber |
NO165612C (en) * | 1984-06-20 | 1991-03-06 | Furukawa Electric Co Ltd | FLEXIBLE COMPOSITION ROOM FOR TRANSPORTING A HIGH-TEMPERATURE FLUID. |
US4692381A (en) * | 1984-07-16 | 1987-09-08 | Pennwalt Corporation | Foamable polyvinylidene fluoride and methods |
JPS6374010A (en) * | 1986-09-18 | 1988-04-04 | Toray Ind Inc | Plastic optical fiber having good heat resistance |
JPH0640164B2 (en) * | 1987-04-22 | 1994-05-25 | セントラル硝子株式会社 | Heat resistant optical transmission fiber |
BE1006615A3 (en) * | 1993-01-25 | 1994-11-03 | Solvay | Polymer compositions intended for the cables manufacturing and pipes flexible and articles made therefrom. |
-
1993
- 1993-12-17 FR FR9315235A patent/FR2714140B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1994
- 1994-12-07 SE SE9404251A patent/SE9404251A0/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1994-12-12 GB GB9425010A patent/GB2284819B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-12-13 IT ITMI942500A patent/IT1271733B/en active IP Right Grant
- 1994-12-15 BR BR9405112A patent/BR9405112A/en active Search and Examination
- 1994-12-15 NO NO944863A patent/NO944863L/en unknown
- 1994-12-16 CA CA002138355A patent/CA2138355A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-12-16 FI FI945931A patent/FI945931L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1994-12-16 KR KR1019940034679A patent/KR950018074A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1994-12-16 DE DE4445083A patent/DE4445083A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1994-12-16 JP JP6313351A patent/JP2803584B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-12-16 BE BE9401137A patent/BE1009248A3/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-12-16 DK DK143794A patent/DK143794A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1994-12-16 AU AU81501/94A patent/AU688413B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1994-12-17 CN CN94119528A patent/CN1114932A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2502288A1 (en) * | 1981-02-18 | 1982-09-24 | Kendall & Co | PROCESS FOR REVEATING A TUBE AND TUBE OBTAINED |
FR2560884A1 (en) * | 1984-03-06 | 1985-09-13 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | VINYLIDENE POLYFLUORIDE COMPOSITIONS WITH IMPROVED FLEXIBILITY AND USE THEREOF, IN PARTICULAR IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FLEXIBLE TUBES |
FR2592655A1 (en) * | 1986-01-07 | 1987-07-10 | Atochem | COMPOSITE BASED ON VINYLIDENE POLYFLUORIDE WITH IMPROVED HOLD IN CONTACT WITH HYDROCARBONS - APPLICATION TO THE MANUFACTURE OF TUBE FOR THE OIL INDUSTRY. |
FR2618791A1 (en) * | 1987-07-31 | 1989-02-03 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | POLYMER COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING VINYLIDENE POLYFLUORIDE AND AN ELASTOMER, THEIR PREPARATION AND USES THEREOF |
DE3928269A1 (en) * | 1988-08-26 | 1990-03-08 | Usui Kokusai Sangyo Kk | COATED METAL PIPE AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2714140A1 (en) | 1995-06-23 |
NO944863L (en) | 1995-06-19 |
ITMI942500A0 (en) | 1994-12-13 |
AU688413B2 (en) | 1998-03-12 |
AU8150194A (en) | 1995-06-22 |
FI945931A0 (en) | 1994-12-16 |
ITMI942500A1 (en) | 1996-06-13 |
FI945931A7 (en) | 1995-06-18 |
JPH07276523A (en) | 1995-10-24 |
DE4445083A1 (en) | 1995-06-22 |
KR950018074A (en) | 1995-07-22 |
GB2284819B (en) | 1997-11-19 |
SE9404251L (en) | 1995-06-18 |
JP2803584B2 (en) | 1998-09-24 |
GB2284819A (en) | 1995-06-21 |
SE9404251A0 (en) | 1995-06-18 |
BR9405112A (en) | 1995-08-08 |
FR2714140B1 (en) | 1996-01-19 |
CN1114932A (en) | 1996-01-17 |
DK143794A (en) | 1995-06-18 |
NO944863D0 (en) | 1994-12-15 |
SE9404251D0 (en) | 1994-12-07 |
CA2138355A1 (en) | 1995-06-18 |
GB9425010D0 (en) | 1995-02-08 |
IT1271733B (en) | 1997-06-04 |
FI945931L (en) | 1995-06-18 |
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Date | Code | Title | Description |
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RE | Patent lapsed |
Owner name: S.A. ELF ATOCHEM Effective date: 19971231 |