Qasem Soleimani
Sardar Qasem Soleimani | |
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Nama asal | قاسم سلیمانی |
Nama samaran | "Haj Qassem" (حاج قاسم )[1] "Komandar Bayangan" (di Barat)[2][3][4][5] |
Kelahiran | Qanat-e Malek, Kerman, Negara Imperial Iran | 11 Mac 1957
Meninggal dunia | 3 Januari 2020[6] berdekatan Lapangan Terbang Antarabangsa Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq | (umur 62)
Disemadikan | Tanah Perkuburan Golzar Shohada, Kerman, Iran[7] (30°17′31″N 57°07′44″E / 30.291984°N 57.1289311°EKoordinat: 30°17′31″N 57°07′44″E / 30.291984°N 57.1289311°E) |
Kesetiaan | Iran |
Perkhidmatan | Kor Pengawal Revolusi Islam |
Tahun perkhidmatan | 1979–2020 |
Pangkat | Mejar Jeneral[note 1] |
Arahan | Divisyen Tharallah dari Kerman Pasukan Quds |
Anugerah | Arahan Zolfaghar (1)[9] Arahan Fath (3)[10] |
Qasem Soleimani[11] (Parsi: قاسم سلیمانی , Disebut: [ɢɒːˌsem(e) solejmɒːˈniː]; 11 Mac 1957 – 3 Januari 2020) ialah Ketua Jeneral Iran di Kor Pengawal Revolusi Islam (IRGC) dan, dari 1998 hingga kematiannya pada 2020, komander Pasukan Quds, sebuah bahagian yang bertanggungjawab terutamanya untuk operasi ketenteraan dan rahsia luar angkasa.
Soleimani memulakan kerjaya ketenteraannya pada permulaan Perang Iran-Iraq pada tahun 1980-an, akhirnya menguasai Bahagian ke-41. Beliau kemudian terlibat dalam operasi luar wilayah, memberikan bantuan ketenteraan kepada Hezbollah di Lubnan. Pada tahun 2012, Soleimani membantu meningkatkan kerajaan Bashar al-Assad, sekutu utama Iran, semasa operasi Iran dalam Perang Saudara Syria dan membantu merancang campur tangan ketenteraan Rusia di Perang Saudara Syria.[12] Soleimani mengawasi pasukan militia Kurdi dan Syiah di Iraq, dan membantu pasukan Iraq yang maju melawan ISIL pada 2014–2015. Soleimani adalah salah seorang yang pertama yang menyokong pasukan Kurdish, membekalkan mereka dengan senjata.[13][14]
Soleimani amat popular di kalangan rakyat Iran, di mana penyokongnya memandangnya sebagai "pahlawan yang tidak berperikemanusiaan yang melawan musuh Iran."[15][16] Soleimani secara peribadi dipersetujui oleh Pertubuhan Bangsa-bangsa Bersatu dan Kesatuan Eropah,[17][18][19] dan telah ditetapkan sebagai pengganas oleh Amerika Syarikat.[20][21][22]
Soleimani terbunuh dalam serangan dron A.S. yang disasarkan pada 3 Januari 2020 di Baghdad, yang diluluskan oleh Presiden Donald Trump. Pengkebumian berbilang bandar telah diadakan di Iraq dan Iran untuk kegagalan umum dan mangsa lain yang terbunuh. Jam selepas pengebumian Soleimani pada 7 Januari 2020, tentera Iran melancarkan peluru berpandu terhadap pangkalan A.S. di Iraq; tiada rakyat Amerika atau Iraq yang terkorban dalam serangan itu.[23]
Catatan
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ dinaikkan pangkat kepada Leftenan Jeneral selepas kematian[8]
Rujukan
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ "Qassem Suleimani not Just a Commander!—Taking a Closer Look at Religious Character of Iranian General". abna24. 10 March 2015. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 10 October 2017. Dicapai pada 14 July 2016.
- ^ Joanna Paraszczuk (16 October 2014). "Iran's 'Shadow Commander' Steps Into the Light". The Atlantic. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 10 October 2017. Dicapai pada 31 March 2015.
- ^ Kambiz Foroohar. "Iran's Shadow Commander". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2 April 2015. Dicapai pada 31 March 2015.
- ^ "RealClearWorld—Syria's Iranian Shadow Commander". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 24 September 2015. Dicapai pada 31 March 2015.
- ^ "Iran's 'shadow commander' steps into the spotlight". The Observers. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 8 July 2015. Dicapai pada 31 March 2015.
- ^ "Qasem Soleimani among those killed in Baghdad Airport attack—report". Reuters. 3 January 2020. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 3 January 2020. Dicapai pada 3 January 2020.
- ^ "Soleimani To Be Buried In Kerman After Ceremony Led By Khamenei In Tehran". RFE/RL.
- ^ "Qasem Soleimani: Thousands mourn assassinated Iranian general". BBC News. 5 January 2020. Dicapai pada 5 January 2020.
- ^ "Leader awards General Soleimani with Iran's highest military order". Press TV. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 11 March 2019. Dicapai pada 11 March 2019.
- ^ "عکس/ مدال های فرمانده نیروی قدس سپاه". Dicapai pada 11 February 2015.
- ^ His first name and surname are variously transliterated as Qassem, Qassim, Qasim, Ghasem, Suleimani, Soleymani.
- ^ How Iranian general plotted out Syrian assault in Moscow, by Reuters
- ^ "Why the U.S. Is Bracing for Retaliation After Assassinating Iran's Qasem Soleimani". Time.
- ^ Chotiner, Isaac. "The Meaning of Qassem Suleimani's Death in the Middle East". The New Yorker (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Dicapai pada 5 January 2020.
- ^ "In major escalation, U.S. airstrike kills top Iranian commander Gen. Qassem Soleimani". 3 January 2020 – melalui Japan Times Online.
- ^ "Analysis | Trump's order to kill Soleimani is already starting to backfire". Washington Post.
- ^ Ali H. M. Abo Rezeg (3 January 2020). "PROFILE—Who is Qasem Soleimani?". Anadolu Agency. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2020-01-04. Dicapai pada 8 January 2020.
Soleimani was declared a "terrorist and supporter of terrorism" by the U.S. He was among the Iranian individuals who were sanctioned by the UN Security Council resolution 1747 [...] on June 24, 2011, an official statement by the European Union said that European sanctions were imposed on three Iranian commanders of the Revolutionary Guards including Soleimani
- ^ "He was designated as a terrorist by the United States and by the European Union" http://www.sarajevotimes.com/assertion-iranian-general-qassem-soleimani-was-in-bosnia-herzegovina-during-the-war/
- ^ Rikar Hussein; Mehdi Jedinia (8 April 2019). "Factbox: Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps". Voice of America. Dicapai pada 8 January 2020.
The United Nations and the European Union have refrained from designating the IRGC as a terror entity but have blacklisted key individuals of the force, including its leader Qasem Soleimani
- ^ "Donald Trump kills General Qasem Soleimani". The Daily Telegraph (Sydney). Dicapai pada 8 January 2020.
General Soleimani was a US-designated terrorist
- ^ "In 2011, the Obama administration sanctioned Soleimani for an alleged plot to assassinate the Saudi ambassador to the U.S. in Washington, D.C." https://www.newsweek.com/donald-trump-barack-obama-designated-qassem-soleimani-terrorist-iran-did-nothing-1480771
- ^ Jennifer Griffin; Lucas Tomlinson (6 August 2015). "Exclusive: Quds Force commander Soleimani visited Moscow, met Russian leaders in defiance of sanctions". Fox. Dicapai pada 8 January 2020.
Soleimani was first designated a terrorist and sanctioned by the U.S. in 2005 for his role as a supporter of terrorism
- ^ Singman, Brooke (8 January 2020). "Trump says Iran 'appears to be standing down', missile strikes resulted in no casualties". Fox News – melalui www.foxnews.com.
Pautan luar
[sunting | sunting sumber]Ketahui lebih lanjut tentang Qasem Soleimani di Wikipedia: | |
Imej dan media dari Commons | |
Petikan dari Wikipetikan |
- David Ignatius, At the Tip of Iran's Spear, Washington Post, 8 June 2008
- Martin Chulov, Qassem Suleimani: the Iranian general 'secretly running' Iraq, The Guardian, 28 July 2011
- Dexter Filkins, The Shadow Commander, The New Yorker, 30 September 2013
- Ali Mamouri, The Enigma of Qasem Soleimani And His Role in Iraq, Al-Monitor, 13 October 2013
- BBC Radio 4 Profile
Pegawai tentera | ||
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Gelaran baharu | Komander Divisyen Tharallah ke-41 1982–1998 |
Diikuti oleh: Abdolmohammad Raufinejad |
Didahului oleh Ahmad Vahidi |
Komander Pasukan Quds 1998–2020 |
Diikuti oleh: Esmail Ghaani |