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The effects of fish oil plus vitamin D3 intervention on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized controlled trial

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European Journal of Nutrition Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose

The present study aimed to investigate fish oil plus vitamin D3 (FO + D) supplementation on biomarkers of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Methods

In a 3-month randomized controlled trial, 111 subjects with NAFLD, aged 56.0 ± 15.9 y, were randomized into FO + D group (n = 37), fish oil group (FO, n = 37) or corn oil group (CO, n = 37). The subjects consumed the following capsules (3 g/day), which provided 2.34 g/day of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) + 1680 IU vitamin D3 (FO + D group), or 2.34 g/day of EPA + DHA (FO group), or 1.70 g/d linoleic acid (CO group).

Results

Using multivariable-adjusted general linear model, there were significant net reductions in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and triacylglycerol (TAG) and TNF-α levels in the FO + D and FO groups, compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The supplemental FO + D also showed significant reductions in insulin (− 1.58 ± 2.00 mU/L vs. − 0.63 ± 1.55 mU/L, P = 0.050) and IL-1β (− 6.92 ± 7.29 ng/L vs. 1.06 ± 5.83 ng/L, P < 0.001) in comparison with control group. Although there were no significant differences between FO + D and FO groups regarding biochemical parameters, supplemental FO + D showed decreases in ALT (from 26.2 ± 13.5 U/L to 21.4 ± 9.6 U/L, P = 0.007), aspartate aminotransferase (AST, from 22.5 ± 7.0 U/L to 20.2 ± 4.0 U/L, P = 0.029), HOMA-IR (from 3.69 ± 1.22 to 3.38 ± 1.10, P = 0.047), and TNF-α (from 0.43 ± 0.38 ng/L to 0.25 ± 0.42 ng/L, P < 0.001) levels following the intervention.

Conclusion

The present study demonstrated that groups supplemented with FO + D and FO had similar beneficial effects on biomarkers of hepatocellular damage and plasma TAG levels in subjects with NAFLD, while in the FO + D group, there were some suggestive additional benefits compared with FO group on insulin levels and inflammation.

Trial registration

ChiCTR1900024866.

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Funding

This work is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC: 82073538 and 81773433) and by the 2018 Chinese Nutrition Society (CNS) Nutrition Research Foundation-DSM Research Fund (CNS-DSM2018A30). The funders have no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Nutrition & Health, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, China

    Xiao-fei Guo, Chong Wang, Ting Yang, Wen-jun Ma & Duo Li

  2. School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China

    Xiao-fei Guo, Chong Wang, Ting Yang, Wen-jun Ma & Duo Li

  3. Songshan Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China

    Jie Zhai

  4. Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China

    Ting Zhao

  5. Shandong Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Jinan, China

    Tong-cheng Xu

  6. College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, China

    Jun Li & He Liu

  7. Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Notting Hill, Australia

    Andrew J. Sinclair

  8. Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

    Duo Li

Authors
  1. Xiao-fei Guo
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Duo Li.

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Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China. The trial has been registered on Chinese Clinical Trial Register (ChiCTR1900024866), and the written informed consent was obtained from the subjects before enrollment.

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Guo, Xf., Wang, C., Yang, T. et al. The effects of fish oil plus vitamin D3 intervention on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Nutr 61, 1931–1942 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-021-02772-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-021-02772-0

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