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Azzedine Alaïa

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Azzedine Alaïa
mmádu
ụdịekerenwoke Dezie
mba o sịFrance, French protectorate of Tunisia, Tunisia Dezie
aha n'asụsụ obodoAzzedine Alaïa, عز الدين عليّة Dezie
aha enyereAzzedine Dezie
aha ezinụlọ yaAlaia Dezie
ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya26 Febụwarị 1935 Dezie
Ebe ọmụmụTunis Dezie
Ụbọchị ọnwụ ya18 Novemba 2017, 2017 Dezie
Ebe ọ nwụrụ10th arrondissement of Paris Dezie
Ụdị ọnwụeke na-akpata Dezie
ihe kpatara ọnwụmyocardial infarction Dezie
Ebe oliliSidi Bou Said Dezie
asụsụ ọ na-asụ, na-ede ma ọ bụ were na-ebinye akaFrench language, Arabic Dezie
ọrụ ọ na-arụgrand couturier Dezie
ụdị ọrụ yafashion design, Ejiji Dezie
ebe agụmakwụkwọTunis Institute of Fine Arts Dezie
oge ọrụ ya (mmalite)1980 Dezie
Oge ọrụ ya (njedebe)2010 Dezie
Ihe nriteKnight of the Legion of Honour Dezie
webụsaịtịhttps://www.maison-alaia.com/ Dezie
Nwere ọrụ na mkpokọtaNational Gallery of Victoria, Victoria and Albert Museum, Kunstmuseum Den Haag Dezie
ikike nwebiisinka dị ka onye okikeỌrụ nwebiisinka chekwara Dezie

Azedine Alaïa  ; Arabic ,ar; 26 February 1935 – 18 Nọvemba 2017) bụ onye Tunisian couturier na onye na-emepụta akpụkpọ ụkwụ, karịsịa ihe ịga nke ọma na-amalite na 1980s.

Ndụ mbido

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A mụrụ Alaïa na Tunis, French Tunisia, na 26 February 1935. [1] Nne na nna ya bụ ndị ọrụ ugbo ọka wit, mana nwanne ya nwanyị ejima mara mma, Hafida, kpaliri ịhụnanya o nwere maka uwe ejiji . Otu enyi French nke nne ya, Oriakụ Pineau, nyere ihe okike nke Alaïa nri na mbipụta Vogue . Ọ ghaara ụgha banyere afọ ndụ ya iji banye na Tunis Institute of Fine Arts, ụlọ akwụkwọ nke nkà na ụzụ dị na Tunis, bụ ebe ọ nwetara nghọta bara uru n'ụdị mmadụ wee malite ịmụ ihe ọkpụkpụ. Ya na nwanne ya nwanyị na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-akwa akwa iji kwụọ ụgwọ ụlọ akwụkwọ. [2]

Ọrụ

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Uwe isi awọ Azzedine Alaïa (n'ihu), site na 1986 ruo 1987, acetate

Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, Alaïa malitere ịrụ ọrụ dị ka onye inyeaka na-akwa uwe. N'oge na-adịghị anya ọ malitere iyi uwe ndị ahịa nkeonwe, na 1957 ọ kwagara Paris ịrụ ọrụ na imepụta ejiji . [3]

Na Paris, ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ na Christian Dior dị ka ọdụ ụgbọ elu, [3] ma ọ ga-ahapụ ụbọchị ise ka agha Algeria dara, n'oge na- anya ọ kwagara Guy Laroche maka oge abụọ, wee ruo Thierry Mugler ruo mgbe. ọ mepere atelier mbụ ya na obere ụlọ rue de Bellechasse ya na njedebe 1970s. Ọ bụ na obere atelier a ka ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 20 afọ ọ na-eyiri ndị otu ụgbọ elu ụwa na nzuzo, site na Marie-Hélène de Rothschild ruo Louise de Vilmorin (onye ga-abụ ezigbo enyi) Greta Garbo, onye na-abịa incognito maka ihe ndozi ya. [4] Ọ chịpụrụ uwe ochie ndị Madeleine Vionnet na Cristobal Balenciaga haziri iji mụọ otú e si emepụta ha, ma tinyezie ha ọnụ. [3] Ọ nọgidere na-enwe ọbụbụenyi ya na onye bụbu onye ọrụ Thierry Mugler ma mekwara Claude Montana enyi. [5] Ha niile ga-emetụta ibe ha, a na-akpọkarịkwa ha n'otu ume n'ime afọ 1980. [6] [7] [8]

Ọ mepụtara mkpokọta njikere iyi uwe mbụ ya na 1980 wee kwaga na nnukwu ụlọ na rue du Parc-Royal na mpaghara Marais . Ọrụ ya gbagoro elu mgbe abụọ n'ime ndị editọ ejiji kachasị ike n'oge ahụ, Melka Tréanton nke Dépèche Mode na Nicole Crassat nke French Elle, kwadoro ya na nchịkọta akụkọ ha na-esote nchịkọta ahụ, na ndị edemede ejiji na ọha na eze na-anakwere otu ụzọ uwe gauntlet ojii ya grommeted, [9] [10] uwe aka bụ ịhụnanya pụrụ iche nke onye nrụpụta. [11]

Mgbe e mesịrị na 1980, mgbe onye mmebe ime ụlọ Andrée Putman ji otu n'ime uwe akpụkpọ anụ Alaïa mbụ na-aga Madison Avenue, onye na-azụ ahịa Bergdorf Goodman kwụsịrị ya bụ onye jụrụ ya ihe ọ na-eyi, bụ nke malitere mgbanwe nke na-eduga n'ichepụta ya. A na-ere ya na New York City na na Beverly Hills . Mgbe uwe ya mechara rute New York, nke mbụ na Bergdorf Goodman na 1982, [12] e weere ya dị ka ihe dị mkpa nke na New York Times mechara depụta ya dị ka otu n'ime ihe omume dị ịrịba ama nke gbanwere ọdịdị omenala obodo ahụ. [13] Afọ atọ ka e mesịrị, ndị Fans 10,000 gbara akwụkwọ maka tiketi 1,500 na mbụ US na-egosi n'obodo ahụ na Palladium meghere na nso nso a, [14] onye Alaïa nyere uwe ndị ọrụ nchere. [15]

N'ịchọ usoro nke oge ahụ na n'adịghị ka ezigbo enyi ya bụ Thierry Mugler, Alaïa na-ahapụkarị nnukwu ogige, ụlọ ịgba egwu, na ihe nkiri maka ihe ngosi ya, na-edobe omenala, ihe ngosi ụlọ ezumike na-egosi na ọbịbịa na-akpachi anya na uwe dị [16] . [17] nke o gosipụtara na usoro nke ya, ọ bụghị na-agbaso "izu ejiji" blitzkrieg nke ihe ngosi ndị ọzọ na-emepụta na-etinye ugboro abụọ n'afọ. [18] Ọ bụrụ na ike gwụrụ ya n'ihi oge ọ na-aga nke ọma nke ahịa dị elu [19] na ọrụ dị arọ nke kpatara ya, ọ nwere ike ọ gaghị egosi n'oge na-esote. [20] [21]

Amara atụmatụ Alaïa maka ịdị mma ha siri ike, [22] [23] ịkwa akwa akwa, [24] [25] [26] na-eme mkpọtụ, [27] ọrụ akpụkpọ anụ, [28] [29] na imepụta ihe eji akwa akwa. . [30] [31] Agba ndị ọ masịrị na-adabere na somber, na-abụkarị ndị na-anọpụ iche na ụda ala, ọmarịcha ịkpụ ya na nkwalite ahụ doro anya na-ebu mmetụta. [32] N'afọ ndị mbụ ya n'onwe ya, ọ kwadoro ubu sara mbara [33] [34] [35] [36] bụ akụkụ nke mweghachi nke ụdị 1940s malitere n'ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ na 1978 na ndị enyi ya bụ Thierry na-ekwubiga ya ókè. Mugler na Claude Montana . Ahụ ya mesiri ike karịa nke ndị ọrụ ibe ya, n'agbanyeghị, ọ ghọrọ mbinye aka ya. [37] [38] Ọ bụ ezie na ọ na-adaberekarị na mma, ịkpụ, na ịkwa akwa iji kpughee ahụ, [39] na mmalite nineties ọ nọ na-etinye corselet [40] na wiring bust. [41]

Ọ nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu n'ime 1980s, [42] [43] ya na ọtụtụ ndị na-emepụta na-eṅomi silhouette ya dị oke egwu, [44] [45] karịsịa ya nke ọma gburu peplums na-adịghị mma nke 1985, [46] [47] ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-ebuli elu site na ụdị egosiri. n'afọ 1935 site n'aka Alix, onye n'aka nke na-atụgharịkwa uwe emume omenala Balinese. [48] Nke ọzọ n'ime onyinye ya n'etiti afọ 1980, akwa bandeeji, [49] ka anabatara na 1990 na nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma site n'aka mmebe Hervé Léger dị ka ụdị mbinye aka nke onye nrụpụta ahụ.

A họpụtara Alaïa ka ọ bụrụ onye nrụpụta kacha mma nke afọ na mkpokọta kacha mma nke afọ na Oscars de la Mode site n'aka Ministri Omenala France na 1984 na emume echefu echefu ebe onye na-agụ Jamaica bụ Grace Jones buuru ya n'aka ya na ogbo.

Ka ọ na-erule 1988, o meghere ụlọ ahịa nke ya na New York City na Beverly Hills na na Paris. Uwe ya na-adọrọ adọrọ, nke na-arapara bụ nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma na mgbasa ozi kpọrọ ya 'Eze Cling'. [50] Ndị na-efe ofufe gụnyere ma ndị na-eme ememme ejiji na ndị ejiji: Grace Jones (yiri ọtụtụ ihe okike ya na A View to a Kill ), [51] Tina Turner, [3] Raquel Welch, [3] Madonna, [52] Janet Jackson, [53] 3] [54] Brigitte Nielsen, [55] Naomi Campbell, [4] Stephanie Seymour, Tatiana Sorokko, Shakira, Franca Sozzani, Isabelle Aubin, Carine Roitfeld, na Carla Sozzani . </link>[ a chọrọ nkọwa ]

Ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ ndị toro ụdị ọrụ ya na nka ya, [56] [57] ọ gbanarịghị nkatọ. Ọ bụ akụkụ nke otu ndị na-emepụta ihe malitere na 1978 iji mee ka mkpughe ahụ pụta ìhè, ụdị ndị mmadụ lekwasịrị anya nke 1940s na 1950s, [58] [59] [60] ka oge na-aga na njedebe 1960s na 70s mgbe uwe ụmụ nwanyị nwere. na-adị obere mkpakọ, ghara ilekwasị anya na flirtatious coquetry, ọzọ eke, ntụsara ahụ, na bara uru. [61] [62] [63] Ụfọdụ hụrụ uwe mwụda ndị siri ike, bọs a kpụrụ akpụ, úkwù ndị a kpụrụ akpụ, na ikiri ụkwụ dị elu nke Mugler, Montana, Alaïa, na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ dị ka ndị na-emegharị emegharị, [64] [65] [66] [67] ịkwa emo nke ụmụ nwanyị meriri na nso nso a. ntọhapụ n'aka nwoke na-ekwu. [68] [69] [70] [71] Ndị ọzọ hụrụ uwe Alaïa karịsịa ka ọ bụ naanị ndị nwere ahụ zuru oke ga-eyi, na ọbụna mgbe ahụ ọ bụchaghị ihe na-atọ ụtọ. [72] [73] Alaïa na ndị na-akwado ya dị iche iche, [74] onye mmepụta n'onwe ya na-ekwu na ọbụna ụmụ nwanyị zuru oke na-ele anya nke ọma na uwe ya [75] [76] na ndị ọzọ na-achọpụta na uwe dabara adaba emeghachila mmasị mgbe afọ iri gachara, uwe na-asọ asọ nwere. bụrụ ụkpụrụ. [77]

Uwe ojii nke Azedine Alaïa

N'ime etiti 1990, mgbe nwanne ya nwanyị nwụsịrị, Alaïa fọrọ nke nta ka ọ pụọ na ebe ejiji; Otú ọ dị, ọ gara n'ihu na-elekọta ndị ahịa nkeonwe ma nwee ọganihu azụmahịa site na ahịrị ya dị njikere iyi. O gosipụtara mkpokọta ya na oghere nke ya, n'ime obi Marais, bụ ebe o wetara ihe omumu ihe omumu ya, boutique na showroom n'okpuru otu ulo.

Na 1996 o sonyere na Biennale della Moda na Florence, ebe yana eserese site na enyi ogologo oge Julian Schnabel, o gosipụtara uwe mara mma nke e kere maka ihe omume ahụ. Ngwongwo ndị Schnabel chepụtara, yana akwa akwa ya, ka na-achọ ụlọ ahịa Alaïa dị na Paris mma. [78]

Ọ bịanyere aka na mmekorita ya na otu Prada na 2000. Na-arụ ọrụ na Prada hụrụ ya site a nke abụọ nnukwu renaissance, na na July 2007, ọ ọma zụtara azụ ya ụlọ na ika aha si Prada otu, ọ bụ ezie na ya akpụkpọ ụkwụ na akpụkpọ anụ nkewa na-anọgide na-mepụtara na-emepụta site otu. Na 2007, otu Richemont, nke nwere Cartier na Van Cleef &amp; Arpels, weere òkè na ụlọ ejiji ya ma ọ ka na-egosighị n'oge nchịkọta.

Otú ọ dị, Alaïa ka jụrụ echiche nke ịzụ ahịa nke okomoko, na-elekwasị anya na uwe kama ịbụ "akpa ya". A na-asọpụrụ Alaïa maka nnwere onwe ya na agụụ maka okomoko dị akọ. Catherine Lardeur, onye bụbu onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke French Marie Claire na 1980, onye nyekwara aka ịmalite ọrụ Jean-Paul Gaultier, kwuru na N'ajụjụ ọnụ na magazin Crowd na "Ejiji anwụọla. Ndị na-emepụta ihe n'oge a adịghị emepụta ihe ọ bụla., Ha na - eme naanị uwe ka ndị mmadụ na ndị na-ebipụta akwụkwọ na-ekwu okwu banyere ha Ọ na-ejide naanị ihe ngosi ejiji mgbe o nwere ihe ọ ga-egosi, na oge nke ya, ọbụlagodi mgbe Prada nwere ya, ọ nọgidere na-enwere onwe ya ma mee ihe ọ chọrọ ime."

Michelle Obama bụ onye ahịa Alaïa oge niile. [79] Nwanyị nwanyị mbụ yi uwe ojii na-enweghị aka na uwe mwụda mara mma nke Alaïa mere maka nri abalị NATO na ndị isi steeti na Strasbourg, France, na 3 Eprel 2009. Ọzọkwa na 2009, Michelle Obama yi uwe Alaïa na American Ballet Theatre 's oghere-abali Spring Gala na New York. Nhọrọ nke ejiji nke Tunisian couturier mebiri na omenala nke American First Ladies bụ ndị na-eyi nanị uwe nke ndị America na-emepụta ihe ndị dị otú ahụ.

Nwanyị mbụ nke France, Carla Bruni, yikwara jaket Alaïa n'oge nleta steeti na Spain na 2009.

Madonna kwanyere ya ugwu na vidiyo 1993 " Bad Girl ". Ọ na-adọkapụ plastik ahụ uwe ya ekpochapụrụ akpọnwụ, nke akara ya na-agụ "Alaïa."

Ndị ọchịchị France kpọrọ Alaïa onye Knight na Legion of Honor nke France na 2008. [80] O doro anya na ọ jụrụ nkwanye ùgwù ahụ na-ekwu na "Ajụrụ m n'ihi na achọghị m ịchọ mma - ma e wezụga na ụmụ nwanyị. ” [81] Ọ jụrụ ọtụtụ ihe nrite ndị ọzọ yiri nke ahụ na-ekwupụta na nsọpụrụ kacha mma bụ nwa amaala France nyere ya. [82]

Lady Gaga yikwara ọtụtụ n'ime ihe ndị o kere, karịsịa na ekele ekele ya, mgbe ọ na-eyi uwe ogologo ọdịda 2011. [83]

Ihe okike ya bụkwa Beyoncé, Nicki Minaj, Victoria Beckham, Kim Kardashian, Gwyneth Paltrow, Solange Knowles, Behati Prinsloo na ndị ọzọ. </link>[ a chọrọ nkọwa ]

Mgbe a gbara ajụjụ ọnụ na The Ground Social & Magazine (nke a na-akpọbu Virgine ), Alaïa katọrọ ma Anna Wintour na Karl Lagerfeld . Alaïa, mgbe ahụ 71 ma dabere na Paris, kwuru banyere onye nduzi okike Chanel Lagerfeld, "Enweghị m mmasị na ejiji ya, mmụọ ya, àgwà ya. Ọ bụ nnukwu caricature. Karl Lagerfeld emetụghị otu ụzọ mkpa na ndụ ya." Alaïa kwukwara okwu na onye isi nchịkọta akụkọ Vogue : "Ọ na-arụ ọrụ ahụ nke ọma, ma ọ bụghị akụkụ nke ejiji. Mgbe m hụrụ otú o si yi uwe, anaghị m ekwenye na mmasị ya otu sekọnd ... Ka o sina dị, onye ga-echeta Anna Wintour na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ejiji?

N'afọ 2018, Mariah Carey kpọrọ Alaia aha na egwu ya " A Mba " site na album Akpachara anya : "Nweta omenala uwe pink nke Alaia".

Na 10 May 2018, ihe ngosi nlegharị anya raara onwe ya nye na ememe Alaïa mere na Museum Design na London. [84]

Onye isi ihe nkiri Julian Schnabel nyefere ihe nkiri ya At Eternity's Gate nye Azedine Alaïa. [85]

Hụkwa

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  • Legion nke Sọpụrụ
  • Legion of Honor Museum
  • Ndepụta nke Legion of Honor nnata n'aha (A)
  • Ribbons nke ndị agha France na onyinye obodo

Ntụaka

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  1. ↑ In French : Laurence Benaïm, Azzedine Alaïa, le Prince des lignes, Éditions Grasset & Fasquelle (collection Documents Français), October 2013, Paris, 978-2-246-81055-1, p. 77 "Lui [Azzedine Alaïa], dont les intimes ignorent également la date exacte de son années de naissance. Né un 26 février, […]"
  2. ↑ Collins. "The Figure-Sculpting Fashions of Azzedine Alaïa", Vanities. Retrieved on 2017-11-21. (in en)
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Kellogg (2002). In an influential fashion : an encyclopedia of nineteenth-and twentieth-century fashion designers and retailers who transformed dress. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 5. ISBN 0-313-31220-6. OCLC 47216469.  Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Blanks (February 2019). Azzedine Alaïa: The Final Interview (en-GB). British Vogue. Retrieved on 2020-07-13. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":1" defined multiple times with different content
  5. ↑ Russell (1977-07-01). "Paris Signals". Vogue. 
  6. ↑ Morris (1985-11-01). "Provocative is the Word for Spring". The New York Times. Retrieved on 2021-12-14. 
  7. ↑ Cunningham (1986-03-01). "Bright Spring Fashion Takes a Brave New Direction". Details IV (8). ISSN 0740-4921. 
  8. ↑ Mulvagh (1988). "1983", Vogue History of 20th Century Fashion. London, England: Viking, the Penguin Group. ISBN 0-670-80172-0. “Mugler, Montana, Alaia and others depicted women as a wicked, Hollywood murderess, a bondaged retailer of illicit sex or a Mae West clone.” 
  9. ↑ Mulvagh (1988). "1980", Vogue History of 20th Century Fashion. London, England: Viking, the Penguin Press. ISBN 0-670-80172-0. “Azzedine Alaïa was taken up by the fashion press after a feature appeared on his gauntlet gloves.” 
  10. ↑ McCall (1982-09-05). "Fashions: Expanded Horizons for Azzedine Alaïa". The New York Times. Retrieved on 2021-12-14. 
  11. ↑ McCall (1982-09-05). "Fashions: Expanded Horizons for Azzedine Alaïa". The New York Times. Retrieved on 2021-12-14. 
  12. ↑ Hyde. "Alaia, Paris", The Washington Post, 1985-09-06. Retrieved on 2022-03-09. “Alaia's clothes broke all the store's records for sales by a new designer.”
  13. ↑ (2018-04-17) "New York City 1981-1983: 36 Months That Changed the Culture". The New York Times Style Magazine. Retrieved on 2021-12-14. 
  14. ↑ Hyde. "Alaia, Paris", The Washington Post, 1985-09-06. Retrieved on 2022-03-09. “...[T]he first public fashion show by this Tunisian-born Paris designer, held at the Palladium in New York..., [was] the town's hottest ticket in years[: o]ver 10,000 requests for the 1,500 places at the show, 900 of them standing room [only]...”
  15. ↑ Schiro (1985-05-21). "Notes on Fashion". The New York Times. Retrieved on 2022-06-22. 
  16. ↑ Dryansky (1984-08-12). "Fashion: Emerging from the Shadows of Paris". The New York Times. Retrieved on 2021-12-14. 
  17. ↑ Dryansky (1984-08-12). "Fashion: Emerging from the Shadows of Paris". The New York Times. Retrieved on 2021-12-14. 
  18. ↑ Cunningham (1988-09-01). "The Colllllections". Details VII (4). ISSN 0740-4921. 
  19. ↑ Gross (1985-10-29). "Notes on Fashion". The New York Times. Retrieved on 2022-04-04. 
  20. ↑ McCall (1982-10-17). "Paris: Hourglass Figuring". The New York Times. Retrieved on 2022-04-04. 
  21. ↑ Cunningham (1986-03-01). "Bright Spring Fashion Takes a Brave New Direction". Details IV (8). ISSN 0740-4921. 
  22. ↑ Hyde. "YSL, Robust and Refined High Hemlines for His Paris Show", The Washington Post, 1985-03-28. Retrieved on 2022-03-09. “Azzedine Alaïa['s]...carefully carved-out dresses and skirts...fitted so close to the body that there's barely enough room for underwear underneath...[Alaïa's] thin jersey dress...seemed glued onto [the model's] body.”
  23. ↑ Luther. "Fashion", The Washington Post, 1985-10-24. Retrieved on 2022-03-09. “The designer who started the fashion world's fit over fit, Azzedine Alaia...”
  24. ↑ Dryansky (1984-08-12). "Fashion: Emerging from the Shadows of Paris". The New York Times. Retrieved on 2021-12-14. 
  25. ↑ Schiro (1985-04-17). "Azzedine Alaïa: New Sophistication". The New York Times. Retrieved on 2021-12-14. 
  26. ↑ Cunningham (1987-09-01). "Follies to Futurism". Details VI (3). ISSN 0740-4921. 
  27. ↑ Cunningham (1987-09-01). "Follies to Futurism". Details VI (3). ISSN 0740-4921. 
  28. ↑ Hyde. "Back to Basic Black – Leather, That Is", The Washington Post, 1985-10-25. Retrieved on 2022-04-04. “...Azzedine Alaia aficionados wear leather dresses, skirts and coats. (Alaia makes the sexiest leathers...)...”
  29. ↑ McCall (1982-10-17). "Paris: Hourglass Figuring". The New York Times. Retrieved on 2022-04-04. 
  30. ↑ Dryansky (1984-08-12). "Fashion: Emerging from the Shadows of Paris". The New York Times. Retrieved on 2021-12-14. 
  31. ↑ Cunningham (1989-09-01). "To the Future Through the Past". Details VIII (3). ISSN 0740-4921. 
  32. ↑ Mulvagh (1988). "1976-1986", Vogue History of 20th Century Fashion. London, England: Viking, the Penguin Group, 345–346. ISBN 0-670-80172-0. “His belief that the body is fundamental to fashion was emphasized by unpatterned, dark, ‘mouldable’ materials, predominantly wool jersey and leather, though he also enjoyed working with synthetics, especially rayon.” 
  33. ↑ McCall (1983-03-20). "Fashion Preview: Paris". The New York Times. Retrieved on 2021-12-14. 
  34. ↑ Hyde. "Fashion Notes", The Washington Post, 1983-04-03. Retrieved on 2022-04-04. “...[M]any of the dresses, sweaters and coats are constructed with broad shoulders...”
  35. ↑ Schiro (1985-04-17). "Azzedine Alaïa: New Sophistication". The New York Times. Retrieved on 2021-12-14. 
  36. ↑ Schiro (1985-03-29). "On Paris Streets, Fashion is Up-to-Date". The New York Times. Retrieved on 2022-06-22. 
  37. ↑ Mulvagh (1988). "1976-1986", Vogue History of 20th Century Fashion. London, England: Viking, the Penguin Group, 345–346. ISBN 0-670-80172-0. “The overt sexuality of Mugler’s clothes was upstaged by his close friend Azzedine Alaia, who virtually carved Paris’s latest sex symbol, the outline was so strong….He celebrated the female anatomy, stripping off detail to reveal the raw line of the body.” 
  38. ↑ Dryansky (1984-08-12). "Fashion: Emerging from the Shadows of Paris". The New York Times. Retrieved on 2021-12-14. 
  39. ↑ Mulvagh (1988). "1985", Vogue History of 20th Century Fashion. London, England: Viking, the Penguin Group. ISBN 0-670-80172-0. “Technique rather than artifice was the strength of modern dressing, particularly at Alaia and…Donna Karan.” 
  40. ↑ Cunningham (1987-09-01). "Follies to Futurism". Details VI (3). ISSN 0740-4921. 
  41. ↑ Cunningham (1990-03-01). "Fashion du Siècle". Details VIII (8). ISSN 0740-4921. 
  42. ↑ Cunningham (1987-03-01). "The Collections Spring Forward". Details V (8). ISSN 0740-4921. 
  43. ↑ Hyde. "YSL, Robust and Refined High Hemlines for His Paris Show", The Washington Post, 1985-03-28. Retrieved on 2022-03-09. “Azzedine Alaïa['s]...dresses and skirts...have been a major influence on many other designers this season.”
  44. ↑ Luther. "Fashion", The Washington Post, 1985-10-24. Retrieved on 2022-03-09. “Alaia is the most copied designer in Paris, his work influencing even the most famous names.”
  45. ↑ Cunningham (1986-03-01). "Bright Spring Fashion Takes a Brave New Direction". Details IV (8). ISSN 0740-4921. 
  46. ↑ (1985-11-17) "Street Fashion: Peplum Jackets' Flair". The New York Times. Retrieved on 2022-06-22. 
  47. ↑ Cunningham (1986-03-01). "Bright Spring Fashion Takes a Brave New Direction". Details IV (8). ISSN 0740-4921. 
  48. ↑ Howell (1978). "1935-36", In Vogue: Sixty Years of Celebrities and Fashion from British Vogue. Harmondsworth, Middlesex, England: Penguin Books Ltd., 144–145. ISBN 0-14-004955-X. “Alix's tunic-jacket in gold and blue brocade, with the lilt of a Bali dancer's coat.” 
  49. ↑ Luther. "Fashion", The Washington Post, 1985-10-24. Retrieved on 2022-04-04. “...Azzedine Alaia...has some new viscose knit dresses for spring that are well on their way to becoming the choicest bondage clothes of the year. They lace up the side of the body in a kind of latticed openwork that bares just the right amount of skin in just the right places.”
  50. ↑ Cochrane. "The king of cling: Azzedine Alaïa's best looks – in pictures", The Guardian, 2017-11-20. Retrieved on 2020-07-13. (in en-GB)
  51. ↑ Horwell. "Azzedine Alaïa obituary", The Guardian, 2017-11-20. Retrieved on 2017-11-21. (in en-GB)
  52. ↑ Dazed (2017-11-20). Fashion's biggest names pay tribute to Azzedine Alaïa (en). Dazed. Retrieved on 2020-07-13.
  53. ↑ Mowbray. "As Azzedine Alaïa: The Couturier opens at the Design Museum, stars remember the King of Cling", The Telegraph, 2018-04-11. Retrieved on 2020-07-13. (in en-GB)
  54. ↑ Mowbray. "As Azzedine Alaïa: The Couturier opens at the Design Museum, stars remember the King of Cling", The Telegraph, 2018-04-11. Retrieved on 2020-07-13. (in en-GB)
  55. ↑ Azzedine Alaia - Designer Biography (en). www.fineclothing.com. Retrieved on 2020-07-13.
  56. ↑ Cunningham (1987-03-01). "The Collections Spring Forward". Details V (8). ISSN 0740-4921. 
  57. ↑ Gross (1986-10-24). "Embattled Alaia Unveils a New Look". The New York Times. Retrieved on 2022-04-04. 
  58. ↑ Mount, jr. (1979-01-01). "Fashion". The New York Times. Retrieved on 2021-11-15. 
  59. ↑ Larkin (1979-01-01). "Fashion", 1979 Collier's Yearbook Covering the Year 1978. Crowell-Collier Publishing Company, 249–252. “In women's fashion, 1978 was a year of great change. It began with women submerged under layers of soft shapeless clothing...But the year ended with the same women shedding layers to emerge with a revamped fashion silhouette reminiscent of the 1940's, a look characterized by broad, even padded shoulders, tight waistlines, and shorter, straighter skirts.” 
  60. ↑ Mulvagh (1988). "1976-1986", Vogue History of 20th Century Fashion. London, England: Viking, the Penguin Group. ISBN 0-670-80172-0. “[Alaïa] designed clothes that reincarnated his screen idols, Marilyn Monroe and Ava Gardner...” 
  61. ↑ Donovan (1977-08-28). "Feminism's Effect on Fashion". The New York Times. 
  62. ↑ Morris (1976-01-01). "70's Fashion: Sportswear at the Summit". The New York Times. Retrieved on 2021-12-10. 
  63. ↑ Mount, jr. (1979-01-01). "Fashion". The New York Times. Retrieved on 2021-12-08. 
  64. ↑ Romano. "Shoulders of Fortune", The Washington Post, 1985-10-06. Retrieved on 2022-02-07. “[Claude Montana] says that, in a way, he is designing for the woman who doesn't exist anymore. 'That woman doesn't care about comfort, just about her look,' he says. 'It is the woman of Hollywood in the '40s. Today, everyone in the movies wants to look like the girl next door . . . I would love to have designed for the Hollywood of yesterday'.”
  65. ↑ Morris (1983-02-27). "The Directions of the Innovators". The New York Times. Retrieved on 2022-04-04. 
  66. ↑ Hyde. "Not-So-Ready-to-Wear Clothes", The Washington Post, 1979-04-11. Retrieved on 2022-02-07. “'What has been appearing on stage has nothing to do with women today,' said a very distressed Koko Hashim of John Wanamaker's in Philadelphia...'Customers will be so turned off by the pictures they see they will retreat happily back to their blazers. And that is not good for business.'”
  67. ↑ Hyde. "Alaia, Paris", The Washington Post, 1985-09-06. Retrieved on 2022-03-09. “Others say [Alaïa's] super-fitted clothes, sculpted at the midriff and over the derrière, embody the worst in fashion's newest look: a swerve back to sexy and provocative dress, surely inappropriate for the modern woman.”
  68. ↑ Mulvagh (1988). "1983", Vogue History of 20th Century Fashion. London, England: Viking, the Penguin Group. ISBN 0-670-80172-0. “Narrow, girded loins, tight skirts, wide, aggressive shoulders, camp, revealing corsetry worn like armour plating, and blank, harshly made-up or bruised faces amounted to a travesty of womanhood.” 
  69. ↑ Morris (1982-09-21). "Notes on Fashion". The New York Times. Retrieved on 2021-12-08. 
  70. ↑ Cunningham (1988-03-01). "Fashionating Rhythm". Details VI (8). ISSN 0740-4921. 
  71. ↑ Morris (1983-02-27). "The Directions of the Innovators". The New York Times. Retrieved on 2022-04-04. 
  72. ↑ Mulvagh (1988). "1976-1986", Vogue History of 20th Century Fashion. London, England: Viking, the Penguin Group. ISBN 0-670-80172-0. “[H]e presented a crude, almost vicious picture of feminine sex appeal, at times lacking sensuousness.” 
  73. ↑ Luther. "Fashion", The Washington Post, 1985-10-24. Retrieved on 2022-03-09. “Alaïa's...dresses show every dimple, every vein, every corpuscle.”
  74. ↑ Dryansky (1984-08-12). "Fashion: Emerging from the Shadows of Paris". The New York Times. Retrieved on 2021-12-14. 
  75. ↑ McCall (1983-03-20). "Fashion Preview". The New York Times. Retrieved on 2021-12-14. 
  76. ↑ Hyde. "Fashion Notes", The Washington Post, 1987-04-05. Retrieved on 2022-04-04. “Alaia used a Size 14 model in his show, as well as a pregnant model -- obviously to answer critics who insist his clothes are only for the superskinny. Admittedly, neither model wore the designer's close-to-the-body knit dresses with intriguing seams, but rather his easy, belted coats.”
  77. ↑ McCall (1982-09-05). "Fashions: Expanded Horizons for Azzedine Alaïa". The New York Times. Retrieved on 2021-12-14. 
  78. ↑ ALAÏA (en). Palais Galliera | Musée de la mode de la Ville de Paris. Retrieved on 2020-07-13.
  79. ↑ Home - Mrs.O - Follow the Fashion and Style of First Lady Michelle Obama. mrs-o.com. Retrieved on 2014-01-31.
  80. ↑ Gaied Chortane (19 November 2022). Remembering Azzedine Alaïa: 7 Defining Moments That Shaped The Designer's Career (en). ES Magazine (www.standard.co.uk/esmagazine). Archived from the original on 24 November 2022. Retrieved on 24 November 2022.
  81. ↑ Cowles (7 July 2011). Azzedine Alaïa Turned Down the Légion d'Honneur Medal Because He Dislikes Decorations (en). The Cut (www.thecut.com). Archived from the original on 24 November 2022. Retrieved on 24 November 2022.
  82. ↑ Leitch (9 March 2018). Carla Sozzani and Azzedine Alaïa (en). Vogue (www.vogue.it). Archived from the original on 23 November 2022. Retrieved on 23 November 2022.
  83. ↑ All the Looks: Gaga's High-Fashion Thanksgiving Special (en-US). NBC New York. Retrieved on 2020-07-13.
  84. ↑ Alexander (2018-05-03). 6 ways Azzedine Alaïa changed the fashion landscape as we know it (en-GB). Harper's BAZAAR. Retrieved on 2020-08-11.
  85. ↑ Hirschberg (10 November 2018). 'At Eternity's Gate': Julian Schnabel Explains His Vincent Van Gogh Movie (en). W Magazine. Retrieved on 2019-01-04.

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