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Adaptation financing as part of a global climate agreement: Is the adaptation levy appropriate?

Author

Listed:
  • Klaus Eisenack

    (University of Oldenburg, Department of Economics)

Abstract
The negotiations for a global climate agreement recognize that substantial and additional funds need to be generated for assisting adaptation in developing countries. Currently, the 2% adaptation levy (AL) on the clean development mechanism (CDM) is intended to serve this purpose under the Kyoto Protocol. This paper analyses whether such an arrangement can achieve its objectives, and thereby discusses its future prospects. Can it deliver the funds needed for adaptation, and are they additional? As the AL is facutally a tax on emission trading, does it cause a significant excess burden? How do the transfers from CDM and AL depend on the commitments to reduce greenhous gas emissions, such that the AL may alter the incentives for reaching a global agreement? I address these questions with a partial equilibrium model based on recent marginal abatement cost estimates for 2020. While former studies have focussed on single values for the AL, this paper determines the expected transfers from CDM and AL for a spectrum of emission reduction targets and the full range of AL levels. The paper shows that the revenues from a 2% AL are neglectable compared to the requirements. Even when the AL is increased to maximize transfers in the presence of ambitious emission reduction targets, the revenues are not sufficient (e.g. $15 billion for a 30% reduction target and an 47% AL). These revenues are mostly subtracted from the CDM transfers, such that very little additional funds can be raised (e.g. $2.4 billion under the latter assumptions). There are indeed detrimental effects of the AL for reaching a global agreement, that are nevertheless relatively small. While the excess burden of the AL is small in terms of social cost, it accounts for more than 85% of the additional funds. This supports the overall conclusion that (i) the AL slightly disfavors agreements for climate protection, (ii) is far from sufficient to raise additional funds, and (iii) does this at comparatively high social costs.

Suggested Citation

  • Klaus Eisenack, 2011. "Adaptation financing as part of a global climate agreement: Is the adaptation levy appropriate?," Working Papers V-334-11, University of Oldenburg, Department of Economics, revised Mar 2011.
    • Handle: RePEc:old:dpaper:334
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    File URL: http://www.vwl.uni-oldenburg.de/download/DP_V-334_11.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Brechet, Thierry & Lussis, Benoit, 2006. "The contribution of the clean development mechanism to national climate policies," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 28(9), pages 981-994, December.
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    5. Dirk T.G. Rübbelke & Nathan Rive, 2008. "Effects of the CDM on Poverty Eradication and Global Climate Protection," Working Papers 2008.93, Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei.
    6. Christoph Bohringer, 2002. "Climate Politics from Kyoto to Bonn: From Little to Nothing?," The Energy Journal, International Association for Energy Economics, vol. 0(Number 2), pages 51-71.
    7. Cameron Hepburn & Benito Müller, 2010. "International Air Travel and Greenhouse Gas Emissions: A Proposal for an Adaptation Levy1," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 33(6), pages 830-849, June.
    8. Ryuji Matsuhashi & We Chang & Hisashi Ishitani, 1999. "A study on systems for a clean development mechanism to reduce CO 2 emissions," Environmental Economics and Policy Studies, Springer;Society for Environmental Economics and Policy Studies - SEEPS, vol. 2(4), pages 289-303, December.
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    Cited by:

    1. Delpiazzo, Elisa & Parrado, Ramiro, 2016. "Analyzing the coordinated impacts of climate policies for financing adaptation and development actions," Conference papers 332737, Purdue University, Center for Global Trade Analysis, Global Trade Analysis Project.

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