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The Demand for Skills 1995-2008: A Global Supply Chain Perspective

Author

Listed:
  • Bart Los

    (University of Groningen)

  • Marcel P. Timmer

    (University of Groningen)

  • Gaaitzen J. De Vries

    (University of Groningen)

Abstract
We propose a new method to analyse the changing skills structure of employment in countries based on the input-output structure of the world economy. Demand for jobs, characterized by skill type and industry of employment, is driven by changes in technology, trade and consumption. Using structural decomposition analysis, we study the relative importance of these drivers for the period 1995-2008. In doing so, we derive a new measure of technological change in vertically integrated production chains and show that it has been skill-biased. We find that skill-biased technological change has played the most important role in the different employment growth rates of high-skilled, medium-skilled and low-skilled labour in advanced countries. For emerging countries, the patterns of employment growth are very heterogeneous. Analyse de l'évolution de la demande de compétences entre 1995 et 2008 sous l'angle des chaînes d'approvisionnement mondiales Nous proposons une nouvelle méthode pour étudier l’évolution de la structure de l’emploi en termes de compétences dans les pays, qui s’appuie sur une analyse entrées-sorties de l’économie mondiale. La demande d’emplois, selon le type de compétences et le secteur d’activité, est tirée par l’évolution des technologies, des échanges et de la consommation. À partir d’une analyse par décomposition structurelle, nous examinons le poids relatif de chacun de ces moteurs sur la période 1995-2008. Nous obtenons ainsi une nouvelle mesure du progrès technologique dans les chaînes de production intégrées verticalement, qui montre que le progrès technologique privilégie les qualifications. Nous estimons que, dans les pays avancés, c’est ce phénomène qui permet en premier lieu d’expliquer les différences entre les taux de croissance de l’emploi des travailleurs hautement qualifiés, moyennement qualifiés et peu qualifiés. Dans les pays émergents, les taux de croissance de l’emploi sont très variables.

Suggested Citation

  • Bart Los & Marcel P. Timmer & Gaaitzen J. De Vries, 2014. "The Demand for Skills 1995-2008: A Global Supply Chain Perspective," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 1141, OECD Publishing.
    • Handle: RePEc:oec:ecoaaa:1141-en
    DOI: 10.1787/5jz123g0f5lp-en
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Kozo Kiyota & Keita Oikawa & Katsuhiro Yoshioka, 2017. "The Global Value Chain and the Competitiveness of Asian Countries," Asian Economic Papers, MIT Press, vol. 16(3), pages 257-281, Fall.
    2. Ferrarini , Benno & de Vries , Gaaitzen J., 2015. "What Accounts for the Growth of Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Advanced and Emerging Economies? The Role of Consumption, Technology, and Global Supply Chain Trade," ADB Economics Working Paper Series 458, Asian Development Bank.
    3. Barbieri, Laura & Mussida, Chiara & Piva, Mariacristina & Vivarelli, Marco, 2019. "Testing the employment and skill impact of new technologies: A survey and some methodological issues," MERIT Working Papers 2019-032, United Nations University - Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (MERIT).
    4. Bertulfo, Donald Jay & Gentile, Elisabetta & de Vries , Gaaitzen J., 2019. "The Employment Effects of Technological Innovation, Consumption, and Participation in Global Value Chains: Evidence from Developing Asia," ADB Economics Working Paper Series 572, Asian Development Bank.
    5. Åsa Johansson & Eduardo Olaberría, 2014. "Long-term Patterns of Trade and Specialisation," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 1136, OECD Publishing.
    6. Marinov, Eduard, 2019. "Новата Природа На Международната Специализация В Динамично Променящото Се Световно Стопанство [The new nature of international specialization in the dynamically changing world economy]," MPRA Paper 113479, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    7. de Vries, Gaaitzen J. & Ferrarini, Benno, 2017. "What Accounts for the Growth of Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Advanced and Emerging Economies? The Role of Consumption, Technology and Global Supply Chain Participation," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 213-223.
    8. Åsa Johansson & Eduardo Olaberría, 2014. "Global Trade and Specialisation Patterns Over the Next 50 Years," OECD Economic Policy Papers 10, OECD Publishing.
    9. Elena Spasova & Eduard Marinov, 2021. "Global value chains and the changing nature of international specialization," Economic Thought journal, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences - Economic Research Institute, issue 1, pages 3-28,29-52.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    chaînes d’approvisionnement mondiales; demand for skills; demande de compétences; global supply chains; progrès technologique; tableaux entrées-sorties; technological change; trade; world input–output tables; échanges;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D57 - Microeconomics - - General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium - - - Input-Output Tables and Analysis
    • F16 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Trade and Labor Market Interactions
    • F66 - International Economics - - Economic Impacts of Globalization - - - Labor

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