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State-dependent pricing under infrequent information: a unified framework

Author

Listed:
  • Marco Bonomo
  • Carlos Carvalho
  • Rene Garcia
Abstract
We characterize optimal state-dependent pricing rules under various forms of infrequent information. In all models, infrequent price changes arise from the existence of a lump-sum \\"menu cost.\\" We entertain various alternatives for the source and nature of infrequent information. In two benchmark cases with continuously available information, optimal pricing rules are purely state-dependent. In contrast, in all environments with infrequent information, optimal pricing rules are both time- and state-dependent, characterized by \\"trigger strategies\\" that depend on the time elapsed since the last date when information was fully factored into the pricing decision. After considering the case in which information arrives infrequently for exogenous reasons, we address pricing problems in which gathering and processing information also entails a lump-sum cost. When the information and adjustment costs must be incurred simultaneously, the optimal pricing policy is a fixed-price time-dependent rule. When the costs are dissociated, the optimal rule features price stickiness and inattentiveness. Finally, we consider versions of the price-setting problems in which firms continuously entertain partial information. We characterize the optimal pricing rules and provide numerical solution algorithms and examples in a unified framework.

Suggested Citation

  • Marco Bonomo & Carlos Carvalho & Rene Garcia, 2010. "State-dependent pricing under infrequent information: a unified framework," Staff Reports 455, Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
    • Handle: RePEc:fip:fednsr:455
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Etienne Gagnon & David López-Salido & Nicolas Vincent, 2013. "Individual Price Adjustment along the Extensive Margin," NBER Macroeconomics Annual, University of Chicago Press, vol. 27(1), pages 235-281.
    2. Fernando E. Alvarez & Francesco Lippi & Luigi Paciello, 2011. "Optimal Price Setting With Observation and Menu Costs," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 126(4), pages 1909-1960.
    3. Fernando E. Alvarez & Francesco Lippi & Luigi Paciello, 2016. "Monetary Shocks in Models with Inattentive Producers," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 83(2), pages 421-459.
    4. Nilsen Øivind A. & Pettersen Per Marius & Bratlie Joakim, 2018. "Time-Dependency in Producers’ Price Adjustments: Evidence from Micro Panel Data," Review of Economics, De Gruyter, vol. 69(2), pages 147-168, August.
    5. Cavallo, Alberto & Rigobon, Roberto, 2011. "The Distribution of the Size of Price Changes," Working Papers 2011-011, Banco Central de Reserva del Perú.
    6. Demery, David, 2012. "State-dependent pricing and the non-neutrality of money," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol. 34(4), pages 933-944.
    7. francesco lippi & Luigi Paciello & Fernando Alvarez, 2012. "Monetary Shocks with Observation and Menu Costs," 2012 Meeting Papers 439, Society for Economic Dynamics.
    8. Marco Bonomo & Marcelo Medeiros & Arnildo Correa, 2011. "Estimating Strategic Complementarity in a State-Dependent Pricing Model," 2011 Meeting Papers 691, Society for Economic Dynamics.
    9. Carlos Carvalho & Fernanda Nechio, 2011. "Aggregation and the PPP Puzzle in a Sticky-Price Model," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 101(6), pages 2391-2424, October.
    10. Schenkelberg, Heike, 2011. "Why are Prices Sticky? Evidence from Business Survey Data," Discussion Papers in Economics 12158, University of Munich, Department of Economics.
    11. Chauveau, Th. & Subbotin, A., 2013. "Price dynamics in a market with heterogeneous investment horizons and boundedly rational traders," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 37(5), pages 1040-1065.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Pricing; Information theory; Macroeconomics; Price levels;
    All these keywords.

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