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Financial heterogeneity and monetary union

Author

Listed:
  • Simon Gilchrist
  • Raphael Schoenle
  • Jae Sim
  • Egon Zakrajsek
Abstract
During the 2010–12 eurozone crisis, deviations of price and wage dynamics from those implied by canonical Phillips curves were systematically related to differences in financial strains across countries. Most notably, markups in financially "weak" (periphery) countries rose, while those in financially "strong" (core) countries declined. In a monetary union model, where financial frictions interact with the firms' pricing decisions because of customer-market considerations, firms in the periphery maintain cashflows in response to an adverse financial shock by raising markups in both domestic and export markets, while firms in the core reduce markups, undercutting their financially constrained competitors to gain market share. In this framework, a unilateral fiscal-devaluation-style policy by the periphery stabilizes the local economy by improving the condition of firm balance sheets and by boosting household demand-it does not, however, reverse the real exchange rate appreciation in the periphery.

Suggested Citation

  • Simon Gilchrist & Raphael Schoenle & Jae Sim & Egon Zakrajsek, 2023. "Financial heterogeneity and monetary union," BIS Working Papers 1107, Bank for International Settlements.
    • Handle: RePEc:bis:biswps:1107
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    Cited by:

    1. Gelfer, Sacha, 2024. "Examining business cycles and optimal monetary policy in a regional DSGE model," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 136(C).
    2. Jacob, Punnoose & Uusküla, Lenno, 2019. "Deep habits and exchange rate pass-through," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 67-89.
    3. Kobielarz, Michal, 2018. "The economics of monetary unions," Other publications TiSEM b0293536-68ec-4905-bffd-6, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management.
    4. Ohad Raveh, 2016. "Monetary Policy, Fisal Federalism, and Capital Intensity," OxCarre Working Papers 181, Oxford Centre for the Analysis of Resource Rich Economies, University of Oxford.
    5. Martin Wolf, 2018. "Optimal Prudential Policy in Economies with Downward Wage Rigidity," Vienna Economics Papers vie1804, University of Vienna, Department of Economics.
    6. Claudio Borio & Marco Jacopo Lombardi & James Yetman & Egon Zakrajsek, 2023. "The two-regime view of inflation," BIS Papers, Bank for International Settlements, number 133.
    7. Kuvshinov, Dmitry & Müller, Gernot J. & Wolf, Martin, 2016. "Deleveraging, deflation and depreciation in the euro area," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 88(C), pages 42-66.
    8. Leena Rudanko, 2017. "Pricing in a Frictional Product Market," 2017 Meeting Papers 1281, Society for Economic Dynamics.
    9. Kriwoluzky, Alexander & Müller, Gernot J. & Wolf, Martin, 2019. "Exit expectations and debt crises in currency unions," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 121(C).
    10. José Manuel Montero, 2017. "Pricing decisions under financial frictions: evidence from the wdn survey," Working Papers 1724, Banco de España.
    11. Popov, Alexander A. & Steininger, Lea, 2023. "Monetary Policy and Local Industry Structure," Department of Economics Working Paper Series 333, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business.
    12. Martin Wolf, 2018. "Optimal Prudential Policy in Economies with Downward Wage Rigidity," Vienna Economics Papers 1804, University of Vienna, Department of Economics.
    13. Antoun de Almeida, Luiza, 2015. "Firms’ balance sheets and sectoral inflation in the euro area during the financial crisis," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 135(C), pages 31-33.
    14. Apostolakis, George N. & Giannellis, Nikolaos, 2024. "International financial stress spillovers during times of unconventional monetary policy interventions," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 72(C).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    eurozone; financial crisis; monetary union; customer markets; inflation dynamics; markups; fiscal devaluation;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E31 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Price Level; Inflation; Deflation
    • E32 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Business Fluctuations; Cycles
    • F44 - International Economics - - Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance - - - International Business Cycles
    • F45 - International Economics - - Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance - - - Macroeconomic Issues of Monetary Unions

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