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Sufficient or insufficient: Assessment on the Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) of world¡¯s major emitters

Author

Listed:
  • Ge Gao
  • Mo Chen
  • Jiayu Wang
  • Kexin Yang
  • Yujiao Xian
  • Xunpeng Shi
  • Ke Wang
Abstract
The recent conference of the parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP21) resulted in the Intended National Determined Contributions (INDCs)by 190 countries. The aim of this article is to offer an analysis of the ambition and fairness of the mitigation components of the INDCs submitted by parties. We use a unified framework to assess the 23 INDCs covering 50 countries (EU 28 countries as a Party to the Convention), representing 87.45% of global greenhouse gas emissions in 2012. First, we transform initial INDC files into reported reduction target. Second, we create four schemes and six scenarios to find out required reduction effort, which takes nation¡¯s reduction responsibility, capacity and potential into consideration, reflecting historical and current development status of each nation. At last, we put reported reduction target and required reduction effort together to assess INDCs. In the evaluation of the 23emitters, two emitters (EU and Brazil) were rated as "sufficient". Seven emitters, such as China, the United States and Canada were rated as "moderate". Fourteen emitters, such as India, Russian and Japan were rated as "insufficient". Most pledges reveal a great distance from representing a fair contribution.

Suggested Citation

  • Ge Gao & Mo Chen & Jiayu Wang & Kexin Yang & Yujiao Xian & Xunpeng Shi & Ke Wang, 2019. "Sufficient or insufficient: Assessment on the Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) of world¡¯s major emitters," CEEP-BIT Working Papers 125, Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research (CEEP), Beijing Institute of Technology.
    • Handle: RePEc:biw:wpaper:125
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    Cited by:

    1. Cheng, Dong & Shi, Xunpeng & Yu, Jian, 2021. "The impact of green energy infrastructure on firm productivity: Evidence from the Three Gorges Project in China," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 385-406.
    2. Sonam Sahu & Izuru Saizen, 2019. "Emissions Sharing Observations from a Diverse Range of Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(15), pages 1-15, July.
    3. Shi, Xunpeng & Variam, Hari Malamakkavu Padinjare & Shen, Yifan, 2019. "Trans-ASEAN gas pipeline and ASEAN gas market integration: Insights from a scenario analysis," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 83-95.
    4. Liu, Jing-Yue & Zhang, Yue-Jun, 2021. "Has carbon emissions trading system promoted non-fossil energy development in China?," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 302(C).
    5. Ye, Chusheng & Ye, Qin & Shi, Xunpeng & Sun, Yongping, 2020. "Technology gap, global value chain and carbon intensity: Evidence from global manufacturing industries," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 137(C).
    6. Tu, Qiang & Betz, Regina & Mo, Jianlei & Fan, Ying, 2019. "The profitability of onshore wind and solar PV power projects in China - A comparative study," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 404-417.
    7. Zhang, Tong & Shi, Xunpeng & Zhang, Dayong & Xiao, Junji, 2019. "Socio-economic development and electricity access in developing economies: A long-run model averaging approach," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 223-231.
    8. Furmankiewicz, Marek & Hewitt, Richard J. & Kazak, Jan K., 2021. "Can rural stakeholders drive the low-carbon transition? Analysis of climate-related activities planned in local development strategies in Poland," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 150(C).
    9. Bo Li & Victor Nian & Xunpeng Shi & Hailong Li & Augustin Boey, 2020. "Perspectives of energy transitions in East and Southeast Asia," Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 9(1), January.
    10. Yue‐Jun Zhang & Shu‐Jiao Ma, 2021. "Exploring the dynamic price discovery, risk transfer and spillover among INE, WTI and Brent crude oil futures markets: Evidence from the high‐frequency data," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 26(2), pages 2414-2435, April.
    11. Zhou, Xiaoyong & Zhou, Dequn & Wang, Qunwei & Su, Bin, 2019. "How information and communication technology drives carbon emissions: A sector-level analysis for China," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 81(C), pages 380-392.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Intended National Determined Contributions; Mitigation; Responsibility; Capacity; Potential;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • Q54 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Climate; Natural Disasters and their Management; Global Warming
    • Q40 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Energy - - - General

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