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Climate Change Around the World

Author

Abstract
The economic effects of climate change vary across both time and space. To study these effects, this paper builds a global economy-climate model featuring a high degree of geographic resolution. Carbon emissions from the use of energy in production increase the Earth's (average) temperature and local, or regional, temperatures respond more or less sensitively to this increase. Each of the approximately 19,000 regions makes optimal consumption-savings and energy-use decisions as its climate (or regional temperature) and, consequently, its productivity change over time. The relationship between regional temperature and regional productivity has an inverted U-shape, calibrated so that the high- resolution model replicates estimates of aggregate global damages from global warming. At the global level, then, the high-resolution model nests standard one-region economy-climate models, while at the same time it features realistic spatial variation in climate and economic activity. The central result is that the effects of climate change vary dramatically across space---with many regions gaining while others lose---and the global average effects, while negative, are dwarfed quantitatively by the differences across space. A tax on carbon increases average (global) welfare, but there is a large disparity of views on it across regions, with both winners and losers. Climate change also leads to large increases in global inequality, across both regions and countries. These findings vary little as capital markets range from closed (autarky) to open (free capital mobility).

Suggested Citation

  • Per Krusell & Tony Smith, 2022. "Climate Change Around the World," Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers 2342, Cowles Foundation for Research in Economics, Yale University.
    • Handle: RePEc:cwl:cwldpp:2342
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    File URL: https://cowles.yale.edu/sites/default/files/2022-11/d2342_0.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Tom Krebs, 2023. "Modern Climate Policy: Moving beyond the market-liberal paradigm," Working Papers 1, Forum New Economy.
    2. Cortina, Magdalena & Madeira, Carlos, 2023. "Exposures to climate change's physical risks in Chile," Latin American Journal of Central Banking (previously Monetaria), Elsevier, vol. 4(2).
    3. Bogmans, Christian & Pescatori, Andrea & Prifti, Ervin, 2024. "The impact of climate policy on oil and gas investment: Evidence from firm-level data," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 165(C).
    4. Elisa Belfiori & Daniel R. Carroll & Sewon Hur, 2024. "Unequal Climate Policy in an Unequal World," Globalization Institute Working Papers 427, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    climate change; carbon taxes; regional economies;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • H23 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Externalities; Redistributive Effects; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies
    • Q54 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Climate; Natural Disasters and their Management; Global Warming
    • R13 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General Regional Economics - - - General Equilibrium and Welfare Economic Analysis of Regional Economies

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