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Exchange Rates and Monetary Policy with Heterogeneous Agents: Sizing up the Real Income Channel

Author

Listed:
  • Auclert, Adrien
  • Rognlie, Matthew
  • Souchier, Martin
  • Straub, Ludwig
Abstract
Introducing heterogeneous households to a New Keynesian small open economy model amplifies the real income channel of exchange rates: the rise in import prices from a depreciation lowers households’ real incomes, and leads them to cut back on spending. When the sum of import and export elasticities is one, this channel is offset by a larger Keynesian multiplier, heterogeneity is irrelevant, and expenditure switching drives the output response. With plausibly lower short-term elasticities, however, the real income channel dominates, and depreciation can be contractionary for output. This weakens monetary transmission and creates a dilemma for policymakers facing capital outflows. Delayed import price pass-through weakens the real income channel, while heterogeneous consumption baskets can strengthen it.

Suggested Citation

  • Auclert, Adrien & Rognlie, Matthew & Souchier, Martin & Straub, Ludwig, 2021. "Exchange Rates and Monetary Policy with Heterogeneous Agents: Sizing up the Real Income Channel," CEPR Discussion Papers 16198, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    • Handle: RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:16198
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    Cited by:

    1. Rodolfo G. Campos & Jesús Fernández-Villaverde & Galo Nuño & Peter Paz, 2024. "Navigating by Falling Stars: Monetary Policy with Fiscally Driven Natural Rates," NBER Working Papers 32219, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    2. Oleg Itskhoki & Dmitry Mukhin, 2022. "Sanctions and the Exchange Rate," Intereconomics: Review of European Economic Policy, Springer;ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics;Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS), vol. 57(3), pages 148-151, May.
    3. Thiel, Luzie & Schwanebeck, Benjamin, 2024. "Does Household Heterogeneity across Countries Matter for Optimal Monetary Policy within a Monetary Union?," VfS Annual Conference 2024 (Berlin): Upcoming Labor Market Challenges 302405, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
    4. Georgiadis, Georgios & Müller, Gernot J. & Schumann, Ben, 2024. "Global risk and the dollar," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
    5. Oskolkov, Aleksei, 2023. "Exchange rate policy and heterogeneity in small open economies," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 142(C).
    6. Corsetti, Giancarlo & Dedola, Luca & Leduc, Sylvain, 2023. "Exchange rate misalignment and external imbalances: what is the optimal monetary policy response?," Working Paper Series 2843, European Central Bank.
    7. Santiago Camara, 2022. "TANK meets Diaz-Alejandro: Household heterogeneity, non-homothetic preferences & policy design," Papers 2201.02916, arXiv.org.
    8. Francesco Ferrante & Nils M. Gornemann, 2022. "Devaluations, Deposit Dollarization, and Household Heterogeneity," International Finance Discussion Papers 1336, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    9. Colin J. Hottman & Ryan Monarch, 2023. "Who's Most Exposed to International Shocks? Estimating Differences in Import Price Sensitivity across U.S. Demographic Groups," International Finance Discussion Papers 1380, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    10. Gyöngyösi, Győző & Rariga, Judit & Verner, Emil, 2021. "The anatomy of consumption in a household foreign currency debt crisis," SAFE Working Paper Series 332, Leibniz Institute for Financial Research SAFE.
    11. Javier Bianchi & Guido Lorenzoni, 2021. "The Prudential Use of Capital Controls and Foreign Currency Reserves," NBER Working Papers 29476, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    12. Corsetti, Giancarlo & Dedola, Luca & Leduc, Sylvain, 2023. "Exchange rate misalignment and external imbalances: What is the optimal monetary policy response?," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
    13. Kuncl, Martin & Ueberfeldt, Alexander, 2024. "Monetary policy and the persistent aggregate effects of wealth redistribution," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
    14. Colin J. Hottman & Ryan Monarch, 2023. "Who�s Most Exposed to International Shocks? Estimating Differences in Import Price Sensitivity across U.S. Demographic Groups," Working Papers 23-13, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.
    15. Pieroni, Valerio, 2023. "Energy shortages and aggregate demand: Output loss and unequal burden from HANK," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
    16. Chen, Sihao & Devereux, Michael B. & Shi, Kang & Xu, Juanyi, 2023. "Consumption heterogeneity and monetary policy in an open economy," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 140(C), pages 1-15.
    17. Javier Bianchi & Louphou Coulibaly, 2021. "Liquidity Traps, Prudential Policies, and International Spillovers," Working Papers 780, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis.
    18. Javier Bianchi & Louphou Coulibaly, 2023. "A Theory of Fear of Floating," NBER Working Papers 30897, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    19. Meyer, Timothy, 2024. "Asset Price Changes, External Wealth and Global Welfare," CEPREMAP Working Papers (Docweb) 2404, CEPREMAP.
    20. Hong, Seungki, 2023. "MPCs in an emerging economy: Evidence from Peru," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 140(C).
    21. Santiago Camara & Maximo Sangiacomo, 2022. "Borrowing Constraints in Emerging Markets," Papers 2211.10864, arXiv.org.

    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • E52 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Monetary Policy
    • F32 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - Current Account Adjustment; Short-term Capital Movements
    • F41 - International Economics - - Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance - - - Open Economy Macroeconomics

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