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Emerging Livelihood Vulnerabilities in an Urbanizing and Climate Uncertain Environment for the Case of a Secondary City in Thailand

Author

Listed:
  • Astrud Lea Beringer

    (International Research Center for Sustainable Environmental Management in Greater Mekong Sub-Region, Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahasarakham University, Kantharawichai 44150, Thailand)

  • Jutamas Kaewsuk

    (International Research Center for Sustainable Environmental Management in Greater Mekong Sub-Region, Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahasarakham University, Kantharawichai 44150, Thailand)

Abstract
Increasing flood risks in Thailand are leading to new challenges for flood management and subsequently for livelihoods, which are still significantly agricultural. Policy makers prefer building flood protection infrastructure over utilizing non-structural measures like urban planning regulations to mitigate risks. We argue that unplanned urbanization intensifies flood risks and livelihood vulnerability and may even create new poverty patterns in peri-urban areas. However, urbanization can also strengthen the adaptive capacity of people in flood risk areas by providing more secure employment opportunities. We assess the livelihood vulnerability of Pra Lab, a peri-urban area of Khon Kaen City in Northeast Thailand, using a qualitative and quantitative analysis. The study relies on a vulnerability index developed from a household survey and rainfall statistics, complemented by household in-depth interviews. We further identified factors of unplanned urbanization in Khon Kaen City and Pra Lab through interviews with relevant local government offices. Our findings show that Pra Lab’s household livelihoods are moderately vulnerable to flood due to high financial (i.e., income, debts) and physical vulnerability (i.e., housing, urban systems, infrastructure). Major factors of unplanned urbanization that contribute to flood risks are lack of land use regulations, inefficient monitoring of land and house elevations, reduced pervious surfaces, ineffective water governance and insufficient wastewater treatment.

Suggested Citation

  • Astrud Lea Beringer & Jutamas Kaewsuk, 2018. "Emerging Livelihood Vulnerabilities in an Urbanizing and Climate Uncertain Environment for the Case of a Secondary City in Thailand," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-22, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:10:y:2018:i:5:p:1452-:d:144948
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

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    2. Dao Duy Minh & Philippe Lebailly & Nguyen Dang Hao & Philippe Burny & Ho Thi Minh Hop, 2019. "The Dynamics of Livelihood Vulnerability Index at Farm Household Level: An Empirical Analysis of the Coastal Sandy Zone in Thua Thien Hue Province, Vietnam," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, vol. 9(5), pages 77-89.
    3. Darryn McEvoy, 2019. "Climate Resilient Urban Development," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-4, January.
    4. Dao Duy Minh & Nguyen Dang Hao & Philippe Lebailly, 2020. "Adapting to Climate Extreme Events Based on Livelihood Strategies: Evidence from Rural Areas in Thua Thien Hue Province, Vietnam," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(24), pages 1-17, December.
    5. Linbo Zhai & Wenwen Jiang, 2018. "Intelligent Environment Monitoring System for University Laboratories," Future Internet, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-10, November.
    6. Holly S. Embke & Abigail J. Lynch & T. Douglas Beard, 2024. "Supporting climate adaptation for rural Mekong River Basin communities in Thailand," Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Springer, vol. 29(7), pages 1-29, October.
    7. Truc, Ngo Thi Thanh & Thuc, Le Vinh, 2022. "Impact of saltwater intrusion on relation to fruit growing households in Ben Tre, Vietnam," Agricultural and Resource Economics: International Scientific E-Journal, Agricultural and Resource Economics: International Scientific E-Journal, vol. 8(1), March.
    8. Terese E. Venus & Stephanie Bilgram & Johannes Sauer & Arun Khatri-Chettri, 2022. "Livelihood vulnerability and climate change: a comparative analysis of smallholders in the Indo-Gangetic plains," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 24(2), pages 1981-2009, February.

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