Baki (Black)

Baki (Black)
primary color (en) , HTML4 named color (en) da safest web colors (en)
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na	absorbed or reflected object light (en) da achromatic color (en)
SRGB color hex triplet (en)	000000
Has cause (en)	complete absorption of light (en)
Symbolizes (en)	mourning (en) da elegance (en)
CSS color keyword (en)	black
Hannun riga da	Fari

Baƙi launi ne wanda ke haifar da rashi ko cikakken ɗaukar haske na bayyane. Launi ne na achromatic, ba tare da launi ba, kamar fari da launin toka. Yawancin lokaci ana amfani da shi ta alama ko alama don wakiltar duhu. ^[1] An yi amfani da baki da fari sau da yawa wajen kwatanta sabani kamar good and evil, zamanin Duhu da zamanin wayewa, da dare da rana. Tun daga tsakiyar zamanai, baki ya kasance alamar alama ta solemnity da iko, kuma saboda wannan dalili har yanzu alƙalai da mahukunta suna sawa. ^[1]

Black yana ɗaya daga cikin launuka na farko da masu fasaha suka yi amfani da su a cikin zane-zane na kogon Neolithic. An yi amfani da shi a zamanin da Misira da Girka a matsayin launi na underworld. A cikin daular Roma, ya zama launin baƙin ciki, kuma a cikin ƙarnuka da yawa ana danganta shi da mutuwa, mugunta, mayu, da sihiri. ^[2] A cikin karni na 14, sarakuna, limamai, alkalai, da jami'an gwamnati ne suka sanya shi a yawancin Turai. Ya zama launi da mawaƙan soyayya na Ingilishi, ƴan kasuwa da ƴan jahohi ke sawa a ƙarni na 19, kuma babban kalar kayan ado a ƙarni na 20. ^[1] Bisa binciken da aka yi a Turai da Arewacin Amirka, launi ne da aka fi dangantawa da makoki, ƙarshe, asiri, sihiri, karfi, tashin hankali, tsoro, mugunta, da ladabi. ^[3]

Baƙi shine launin tawada da aka fi amfani dashi don buga littattafai, jaridu da takardu, saboda yana samar da mafi girman bambanci da farar takarda don haka shine mafi sauƙin launi don karantawa. Hakazalika, baƙin rubutu a kan farin allo shine tsarin da aka fi amfani da shi akan allon kwamfuta. ^[4] Tun daga watan Satumba na 2019, injiniyoyin MIT ne suka yi mafi duhun abu daga carbon nanotubes masu daidaitawa.

Kalmar baƙi ta fito daga old English blæc ("baki, duhu", kuma, "tawada"), daga Proto-Jamus * blakkaz ("ƙona"), daga Proto-Indo-European * bhleg- ("ƙona, gleam, haske, walƙiya"), daga tushe * bhel-("don haskakawa"), mai alaƙa da Old Saxon blak ("tawada"), old German blach ("baƙi"), Old Norse blakkr ("duhu"), Dutch blaken ("kone"), da bläck na Sweden ("tawada"). Ƙarin ƙididdiga masu nisa sun haɗa da Latin flagrare ("don walƙiya, haske, ƙone"), da phlegein na tsohuwar Girka ("don ƙone, ƙuna"). Girkawa na da a wasu lokuta suna amfani da kalma ɗaya don suna launuka daban-daban, idan suna da ƙarfi iri ɗaya. Kuanos' na iya nufin duka shuɗi mai duhu da baki. ^[5] Rumawa na da suna da kalmomi guda biyu don baƙar fata: ater lebur ne, baƙar fata, yayin da niger ya kasance mai haske, cikakken baki. Ater ya ɓace daga ƙamus, amma niger shine tushen asalin ƙasar suna Najeriya, ^[6] kalmar Ingilishi Negro, da kalmar "baƙar fata" a yawancin harsunan Romance na zamani (Faransanci: noir; Spanish da Portuguese: negro; Italiyanci: nero; Romanian: negru).

Old High German kuma yana da kalmomi biyu don baƙi: swartz da baƙi mara kyau da blach da baƙi mai haske. Waɗannan suna daidaitawa a cikin Middle English ta sharuddan swart da baƙi mara kyau da baƙi mai haske. Swart har yanzu yana rayuwa kamar kalmar swarthy, yayin da blaek ya zama baƙi na zamani na Ingilishi. ^[5] Na farko yana da alaƙa da kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su don baƙi a yawancin harsunan Jamusanci na zamani ban da Ingilishi (Jamusanci: schwarz, Dutch: zwart, Swedish: svart, Danish: sort, Icelandic: svartr ). A cikin heraldry, kalmar da aka yi amfani da ita da launin baƙi shine sable, mai suna da baƙi na sable, dabba.

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  Bakaken kaya
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  baki d fari
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  bakin kaya
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  bakar jikka
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  bakin kaya

1. ↑ ^{1.0 1.1 1.2} Heller 2009. sfn error: no target: CITEREFHeller2009 (help)
2. ↑ St. Clair 2016. sfn error: no target: CITEREFSt._Clair2016 (help)
3. ↑ Eva Heller (2000), Psychologie de la couleur – effets et symboliques, pp. 105–27.
4. ↑ Heller, Eva, Psychologie de la couleur – effets et symboliques (2009), p. 126
5. ↑ ^{5.0 5.1} Michel Pastoureau, Noir – Histoire d'une couleur, p. 34.
6. ↑ "African nation, named for the river Niger, mentioned by that name 1520s (Leo Africanus), probably an alteration (by influence of Latin niger "black") of a local Tuareg name, egereou n-igereouen, from egereou "big river, sea" + n-igereouen, plural of that word. Translated in Arabic as nahr al-anhur "river of rivers." (Online Etymological Dictionary)