摻

Translingual

Han character

摻 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 手戈戈竹 (QIIH), four-corner 5302₂, composition ⿰扌參)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 452, character 10
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 12649
Dae Jaweon: page 802, character 14
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1951, character 1
Unihan data for U+647B

Chinese

trad.		摻
simp.		掺
alternative forms		撡／操

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (參) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
篸	ʔsluːm, ʔsluːms
參	sʰluːm, sʰluːms, sloːm, sʰrum, *srum
驂	*sʰluːm
傪	sʰluːm, sʰluːmʔ
慘	*sʰluːmʔ
黲	sʰluːmʔ, sʰloːmʔ
謲	*sʰluːms
毿	*sluːm
蔘	sluːm, srum
犙	sluːm, sru, *srɯu
糝	*sluːmʔ
槮	sluːmʔ, sʰrum, srum, srumʔ
鬖	*sloːm
摻	sruːm, sruːmʔ
醦	sruːmʔ, sʰrumʔ
縿	*sroːm
穇	*sroːm
嵾	*sʰrum
磣	*sʰrumʔ
墋	*sʰrumʔ
曑	*srum
瘮	*srumʔ
滲	*srums

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sruːm, *sruːmʔ) : semantic 手 + phonetic 參 (OC *sʰluːm, *sʰluːms, *sloːm, *sʰrum, *srum).

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): chān (chan¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄔㄢ
Cantonese (Jyutping): caam¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhâm
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chham / chhàm

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: chān
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄢ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: chan
  - Wade–Giles: chʻan¹
  - Yale: chān
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chan
  - Palladius: чань (čanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰän⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: caam¹
  - Yale: chāam
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsaam¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: cam¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰaːm⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhâm
  - Hakka Romanization System: cam^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: cam¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰam²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chham
  - Tâi-lô: tsham
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhafm
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰam³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰam⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhàm
  - Tâi-lô: tshàm
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhaxm
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰam¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰam²¹/

Definitions

摻

Alternative form of 攙／搀 (“to mix”)

Usage notes

See usage notes in 攙／搀.

Derived terms

摻假／掺假 (chānjiǎ)
摻分子／掺分子
摻合／掺合
摻和／掺和
摻水／掺水 (chānshuǐ)
摻袂／掺袂
摻雜／掺杂 (chānzá)

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shǎn (shan³)

(Zhuyin): ㄕㄢˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): saam²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shǎn
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄢˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shǎn
  - Wade–Giles: shan³
  - Yale: shǎn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shaan
  - Palladius: шань (šanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂän²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: saam²
  - Yale: sáam
  - Cantonese Pinyin: saam²
  - Guangdong Romanization: sam²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /saːm³⁵/

Middle Chinese: sreamX

Rime
Character	摻
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	生 (21)
Final (韻)	咸 (151)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	所斬切
Baxter	sreamX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʃˠɛm^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ʃᵚæm^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ʃɐm^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʂəɨm^X/
Li Rong	/ʃɐm^X/
Wang Li	/ʃɐm^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʂăm^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shǎn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	saam²

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*sruːmʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	摻
Reading #	2/2
No.	1098
Phonetic component	參
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	摻
Old Chinese	/*sruːmʔ/

Definitions

摻

(literary) to hold; to grasp

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shān (shan¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄕㄢ
Cantonese (Jyutping): saam¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shān
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄢ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shan
  - Wade–Giles: shan¹
  - Yale: shān
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shan
  - Palladius: шань (šanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂän⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: saam¹
  - Yale: sāam
  - Cantonese Pinyin: saam¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: sam¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /saːm⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: sream

Rime
Character	摻
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	生 (21)
Final (韻)	咸 (151)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	所咸切
Baxter	sream
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʃˠɛm/
Pan Wuyun	/ʃᵚæm/
Shao Rongfen	/ʃɐm/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʂəɨm/
Li Rong	/ʃɐm/
Wang Li	/ʃɐm/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʂăm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	saam¹

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*sruːm/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	摻
Reading #	1/2
No.	1097
Phonetic component	參
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	攕
Old Chinese	/*sruːm/

Definitions

摻

(alt. form 攕) slender and delicate look of the hand

Compounds

摻摻／掺掺

Etymology 4

trad.		摻
simp.		掺
alternative forms		參／参

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): càn (can⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄘㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): cam³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: càn
  - Zhuyin: ㄘㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: càn
  - Wade–Giles: tsʻan⁴
  - Yale: tsàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsann
  - Palladius: цань (canʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰän⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: cam³
  - Yale: cham
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsam³
  - Guangdong Romanization: cem³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɐm³³/

Definitions

摻

(historical) a kind of drum music
(historical) a method of such drumming

Compounds

摻撾／掺挝
漁陽摻撾／渔阳掺挝

Etymology 5

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): sēn (sen¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄙㄣ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: sēn
  - Zhuyin: ㄙㄣ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: sen
  - Wade–Giles: sên¹
  - Yale: sēn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sen
  - Palladius: сэнь (sɛnʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sən⁵⁵/

Definitions

摻

(of a forest) dense; full; thick; thriving

Japanese

Kanji

摻

(Hyōgai kanji)

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Readings

On (unclassified): さん (san)、せん (sen)、しん (shin)
Kun: とる (toru)

Korean

Hanja

摻 • (seom) (hangeul 섬, revised seom, McCune–Reischauer sŏm, Yale sem)

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Vietnamese

Han character

摻: Hán Nôm readings: thảm, sảm

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