Three Pieces for Orchestra (Berg)

Berg composed the Three Pieces between 1913 and 1915. Studying with Arnold Schoenberg, he had composed mainly lieder such as Altenberg Lieder, and thought about a larger composition, such as a suite or a symphony. He settled with orchestral pieces, and worked on them in Trahütten, Styria, in summer, where his parents-in-law had a country estate. The work was completed on 23 August 1914.^[2]

Berg dedicated it "to my teacher and friend Arnold Schoenberg with immeasurable gratitude and love",^[2] and sent it to Schönberg as a gift for his 40th birthday, on 13 September 1914. In a letter he expanded: "I have truly striven to give my best, to follow all your incentives and suggestions, whereby the unforgettable, yea revolutionising experiences of the Amsterdam rehearsals and thorough study of your orchestra pieces served me boundlessly and sharpened my self-criticism more and more."^[2]

The premiere of the first two pieces was held in Berlin on 5 June 1923 during an Austrian Music Week, conducted by Anton Webern. It was not until 14 April 1930 that the complete composition was played, in its revised form, by the Oldenburger Landesorchester conducted by Johannes Schüler.^[2]

The three pieces are:

Präludium (Prelude)

An instrumentally colourful, impressionistic prelude. After a murmuring introduction, an evocative, wide-ranging theme is stated by bassoons and violins, and then fully developed.

Reigen (Round Dance)

Replete with both waltz music and Ländler music, this piece demonstrates an inherent eclecticism that, as in many of Berg's works, permitted a synthesis of old and new, classical and popular, often infused with grotesquerie.

Marsch (March)

A sizable and highly imaginative march, notable for its element of chaos and its extremes of orchestration.^[4]

The score is marked for the possibility of playing the two first movements alone, as at the premiere. When the complete work was premiered, Berg compared the sequence of three movements to a symphony, Reigen taking the position of a Scherzo, and Marsch as a finale. Derrick Puffett suggested that the title may allude to Arthur Schnitzler's play Reigen, of which Berg owned a copy.^[5]

Adorno wrote about the finale in his 1968 analysis of Berg works, connecting it to Schoenberg's Five Pieces for Orchestra and Mahler's Ninth Symphony:

Berg let himself go with complete abandon in the March from the Three Pieces for Orchestra, an absolutely stupendous work….When he showed me the score and explained it I remarked of the first visual impression: "That must sound like playing Schoenberg's [Five] Orchestral Pieces and Mahler's Ninth Symphony, all at the same time." I will never forget the look of pleasure this compliment—dubious for any other cultured ear—induced. With a ferocity burying all Johannine gentleness like an avalanche, he answered: "Right, then at last one could hear what an eight-note brass chord really sounds like," as if convinced no audience could survive such a sonority….^[5]

The work is scored for:^[2]

• Lee, Douglas. "Masterworks of 20th Century Music", Routledge, 2002. ISBN 0-415-93847-3, ISBN 978-0-415-93847-1
• Steinberg, Michael. Program Notes for Berg, 3 Pieces for Orchestra. accessed 2009-01-15
• Mark DeVoto. Program Notes for Berg, Three Pieces for Orchestra. accessed February 12, 2010
• Huscher, Philip. Program Notes for Alban Berg, Three Pieces for Orchestra, Op. 6. accessed 7 August 2014.

• 3 Orchesterstücke, Op.6 (Berg, Alban): Scores at the International Music Score Library Project
• Maarten Brandt: Alban Berg: Three pieces for orchestra Op 6 opusklassiek.nl August 2009