溺

See also: 尿

溺	U+6EBA, 溺 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6EBA

← 溹
[U+6EB9]

CJK Unified Ideographs

溻 →
[U+6EBB]

溺	U+F9EC, 溺 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9EC

← 匿
[U+F9EB]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs

吝 →
[U+F9ED]

Translingual

Han character

溺 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 水弓一一 (ENMM), four-corner 3712₇, composition ⿰氵弱)

Derived characters

𡀡, 𡣄, 𦡥, 𬉪

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 641, character 11
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17990
Dae Jaweon: page 1048, character 17
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1710, character 7
Unihan data for U+6EBA

Unihan data for U+F9EC

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 溺
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (弱) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
嫋	*neːwʔ
弱	*njewɢ
溺	njewɢ, neːwɢ
蒻	*njewɢ
搦	rneːwɢ, rnaːwɢ
愵	*neːwɢ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *njewɢ, *neːwɢ) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 弱 (OC *njewɢ).

Etymology 1

trad.		溺
simp. ^#		溺
alternative forms		㲻氼

Schuessler (2007) proposes the following possibilities:

Related to Burmese နစ် (nac, “to sink; to drown”), Burmese နှစ် (hnac, “to immerse”), but the vowels do not agree.
Related to Burmese နှိုက်း (hnuik:, “to penetrate; to put one's hand into”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): nì (ni⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄋㄧˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): nik⁶ / nik¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ni̍t
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): le̍k / lia̍k

(Teochew, Peng'im): nêg⁸

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: nì
  - Zhuyin: ㄋㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: nì
  - Wade–Giles: ni⁴
  - Yale: nì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nih
  - Palladius: ни (ni)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ni⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: nik⁶ / nik¹
  - Yale: nihk / nīk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: nik⁹ / nik⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: nig⁶ / nig¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nɪk̚²/, /nɪk̚⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ni̍t
  - Hakka Romanization System: nid
  - Hagfa Pinyim: nid⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /nit̚⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: le̍k
  - Tâi-lô: li̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lek
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /liɪk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /liɪk̚¹²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lia̍k
  - Tâi-lô: lia̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: liak
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /liak̚²⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: nêg⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ne̍k
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nek̚⁴/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 溺
Mandarin	Beijing	/ni⁵¹/
	Harbin	/ni⁵³/
	Tianjin	/ni⁵³/
	Jinan	/ȵi²¹/
	Qingdao	/ni⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ni³¹²/
	Xi'an	/ni²¹/
	Xining	/mji²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/ni¹³/
	Lanzhou	/ȵi¹³/
	Ürümqi	/ȵi²¹³/
	Wuhan	/ni²¹³/
	Chengdu	/ȵie³¹/ /ȵi³¹/
	Guiyang	/ni²¹/
	Kunming	/ni³¹/
	Nanjing	/liʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/liəʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/niəʔ²/
	Pingyao	/ȵiʌʔ¹³/
	Hohhot	/niəʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/ȵiɪʔ¹/
	Suzhou	/ȵiəʔ³/
	Hangzhou	/ȵiəʔ²/
	Wenzhou	/ȵai²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/ni²²/
Hui	Tunxi
Xiang	Changsha	/ȵi²⁴/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/ȵi²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang
Hakka	Meixian	/nit̚¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/nek̚²/
	Nanning	/nek̚²²/
	Hong Kong	/nek̚²/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/lik̚⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/niʔ⁵/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/ni²⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/nek̚⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/niɔk̚⁵/

Middle Chinese: nek

Rime
Character	溺
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	泥 (8)
Final (韻)	錫 (127)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	奴歷切
Baxter	nek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/nek̚/
Pan Wuyun	/nek̚/
Shao Rongfen	/nɛk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/nɛjk̚/
Li Rong	/nek̚/
Wang Li	/niek̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/niek̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	nì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	nik⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*nˤewk/

(Zhengzhang): /*neːwɢ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	溺
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	nì
Middle Chinese	‹ nek ›
Old Chinese	/*nˁewk/
English	to sink in water
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	溺
Reading #	2/2
No.	10952
Phonetic component	弱
Rime group	藥
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	惄
Old Chinese	/*neːwɢ/

Definitions

溺

to drown; to submerge
to indulge; to be addicted
a surname

Compounds

Etymology 2

trad.		溺
simp. ^#		溺

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): niào (niao⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄋㄧㄠˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): niu⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: niào
  - Zhuyin: ㄋㄧㄠˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: niào
  - Wade–Giles: niao⁴
  - Yale: nyàu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: niaw
  - Palladius: няо (njao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ni̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: niu⁶
  - Yale: niuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: niu⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: niu⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /niːu̯²²/

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*kə.nˤewk-s/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	溺
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	niào
Middle Chinese	‹ new^H ›
Old Chinese	/*kə.nˁewk-s/
English	urine
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Definitions

溺

Alternative form of 尿 (“urine; to urinate”)

Compounds

Etymology 3

trad.		溺
simp. ^#		溺

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): ruò (ruo⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄖㄨㄛˋ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: ruò
  - Zhuyin: ㄖㄨㄛˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ruò
  - Wade–Giles: jo⁴
  - Yale: rwò
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ruoh
  - Palladius: жо (žo)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐu̯ɔ⁵¹/

Middle Chinese: nyak

Rime
Character	溺
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	藥 (107)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	而灼切
Baxter	nyak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ȵɨɐk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ȵiɐk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ȵʑiɑk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ȵɨak̚/
Li Rong	/ȵiak̚/
Wang Li	/ȵʑĭak̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ȵʑi̯ak̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	ruò
Expected Cantonese Reflex	joek⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*njewɢ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	溺
Reading #	1/2
No.	10948
Phonetic component	弱
Rime group	藥
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	若
Old Chinese	/*njewɢ/

Definitions

溺

^‡ Alternative form of 弱 (ruò, “name of a river”)
^† Alternative form of 弱 (ruò, “weak”)

Japanese

Kanji

溺

(Jōyō kanji)

to drown
(rare) urine

Readings

Go-on: にゃく (nyaku)、にょう (nyō)^{←ねう (neu, historical)}
Kan-on: でき (deki, Jōyō)、じょう (jō)^{←でう (deu, historical)}
Kun: おぼれる (oboreru, 溺れる, Jōyō)、いばり (ibari, 溺)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
溺
にょう Grade: S
goon

For pronunciation and definitions of 溺 – see the following entry.

【尿にょう】S

[noun] [from 1275] urine

(This term, 溺, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 溺 (MC nek).

Historical readings

Recorded as Middle Korean 녁〮 (Yale: nyék) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
Recorded as Middle Korean 닉 (nik) (Yale: nik) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Recorded as Middle Korean 릭 (lik) (Yale: lik) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [nik̚] ~ [ik̚]
Phonetic hangul: [닉/익]

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

溺

Wikisource

溺 (eumhun 빠질 닉 (ppajil nik), word-initial (South Korea) 빠질 익 (ppajil ik))

hanja form^? of 닉/익 (“drown”)

Compounds

탐닉 (耽溺, tamnik)
익사 (溺死, iksa, “drown”)
몰닉 (沒溺, mollik)

Etymology 2

Related to Middle Chinese 尿 (MC newH).

Hanja

溺 (eumhun 오줌 뇨 (ojum nyo), word-initial (South Korea) 오줌 요 (ojum yo))

Alternative form of 尿 (“hanja form^? of 뇨/요 (“urine”)”)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese

Han character

溺: Hán Nôm readings: nịch, niệu, nịu

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Nom Foundation