ظل

See also: طل

Arabic

Root
ظ ل ل (ẓ l l)
5 terms

Etymology 1

From Proto-Semitic *ṯ̣ill- (“shadow”). Cognate with Akkadian 𒄑𒈪 (ṣillum), Ugaritic 𐎑𐎍 (ẓl) and Biblical Hebrew צל (ṣel).

Noun

ظِلّ • (ẓill) m (plural ظِلَال (ẓilāl) or ظُلُول (ẓulūl) or أَظْلَال (ʔaẓlāl))

shadow, shade
reflection
shady garden
paradise
protection, help, assistance
dark cloud
darkness
night
phantom, specter
cover, lid, scabbard
shape, figure, person
the Sultan (as shadow of God on Earth)
greatness, sublimity, distinction, eminence, rareness
power, night
colors of the day, shades of color, bloom of youth
heat of summer
fringe, hairy side of a cloth
hue
trace
(mathematics, trigonometry) tangent (symbol: ظا, ظل)

Declension

Declension of noun ظِلّ (ẓill)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	ظِلّ ẓill	الظِّلّ aẓ-ẓill	ظِلّ ẓill
Nominative	ظِلٌّ ẓillun	الظِّلُّ aẓ-ẓillu	ظِلُّ ẓillu
Accusative	ظِلًّا ẓillan	الظِّلَّ aẓ-ẓilla	ظِلَّ ẓilla
Genitive	ظِلٍّ ẓillin	الظِّلِّ aẓ-ẓilli	ظِلِّ ẓilli
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	ظِلَّيْن ẓillayn	الظِّلَّيْن aẓ-ẓillayn	ظِلَّيْ ẓillay
Nominative	ظِلَّانِ ẓillāni	الظِّلَّانِ aẓ-ẓillāni	ظِلَّا ẓillā
Accusative	ظِلَّيْنِ ẓillayni	الظِّلَّيْنِ aẓ-ẓillayni	ظِلَّيْ ẓillay
Genitive	ظِلَّيْنِ ẓillayni	الظِّلَّيْنِ aẓ-ẓillayni	ظِلَّيْ ẓillay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
Plural	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	ظِلَال‎; ظُلُول‎; أَظْلَال ẓilāl‎; ẓulūl‎; ʔaẓlāl	الظِّلَال‎; الظُّلُول‎; الْأَظْلَال aẓ-ẓilāl‎; aẓ-ẓulūl‎; al-ʔaẓlāl	ظِلَال‎; ظُلُول‎; أَظْلَال ẓilāl‎; ẓulūl‎; ʔaẓlāl
Nominative	ظِلَالٌ‎; ظُلُولٌ‎; أَظْلَالٌ ẓilālun‎; ẓulūlun‎; ʔaẓlālun	الظِّلَالُ‎; الظُّلُولُ‎; الْأَظْلَالُ aẓ-ẓilālu‎; aẓ-ẓulūlu‎; al-ʔaẓlālu	ظِلَالُ‎; ظُلُولُ‎; أَظْلَالُ ẓilālu‎; ẓulūlu‎; ʔaẓlālu
Accusative	ظِلَالًا‎; ظُلُولًا‎; أَظْلَالًا ẓilālan‎; ẓulūlan‎; ʔaẓlālan	الظِّلَالَ‎; الظُّلُولَ‎; الْأَظْلَالَ aẓ-ẓilāla‎; aẓ-ẓulūla‎; al-ʔaẓlāla	ظِلَالَ‎; ظُلُولَ‎; أَظْلَالَ ẓilāla‎; ẓulūla‎; ʔaẓlāla
Genitive	ظِلَالٍ‎; ظُلُولٍ‎; أَظْلَالٍ ẓilālin‎; ẓulūlin‎; ʔaẓlālin	الظِّلَالِ‎; الظُّلُولِ‎; الْأَظْلَالِ aẓ-ẓilāli‎; aẓ-ẓulūli‎; al-ʔaẓlāli	ظِلَالِ‎; ظُلُولِ‎; أَظْلَالِ ẓilāli‎; ẓulūli‎; ʔaẓlāli

References

Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “ظل”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎^[1], London: W.H. Allen
Wehr, Hans (1979) “ظل”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

Etymology 2

Verb

ظَلَّ • (ẓalla) I (first-person singular past ظَلِلْتُ (ẓaliltu), non-past يَظَلُّ (yaẓallu), verbal noun ظَلّ (ẓall) or ظُلُول (ẓulūl))

(copulative) to remain, to persist, to maintain
ظَلَّ صَامِتًا
ẓalla ṣāmitan
He remained silent.

ظَلَّ عَلَى مَوْقِفِهِ
ẓalla ʕalā mawqifihi
He maintained his point of view. [= stayed in the place he was standing]
to keep doing, to do constantly, to persist in, to remain [with participle or imperfect ‘doing’]
يَظَلُّ يَتْبَعُهَا
yaẓallu yatbaʕuhā
He keeps following her.

ظَلُّوا جَالِسِينَ
ẓallū jālisīna
They remained sitting.

Conjugation

Conjugation of ظَلَّ (I, geminate, i ~ a, impersonal passive (?), verbal nouns ظَلّ, ظُلُول)

active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر					ظَلّ, ظُلُول ẓall, ẓulūl
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل					ظَالّ ẓāll
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول					مَظْلُول maẓlūl
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	ظَلِلْتُ ẓaliltu	ظَلِلْتَ ẓalilta	ظَلَّ ẓalla	ظَلِلْتُمَا ẓaliltumā	ظَلَّا ẓallā	ظَلِلْنَا ẓalilnā	ظَلِلْتُمْ ẓaliltum	ظَلُّوا ẓallū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	ظَلِلْتُ ẓaliltu	ظَلِلْتِ ẓalilti	ظَلَّتْ ẓallat	ظَلِلْتُمَا ẓaliltumā	ظَلَّتَا ẓallatā	ظَلِلْنَا ẓalilnā	ظَلِلْتُنَّ ẓaliltunna	ظَلِلْنَ ẓalilna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَظَلُّ ʔaẓallu	تَظَلُّ taẓallu	يَظَلُّ yaẓallu	تَظَلَّانِ taẓallāni	يَظَلَّانِ yaẓallāni	نَظَلُّ naẓallu	تَظَلُّونَ taẓallūna	يَظَلُّونَ yaẓallūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أَظَلُّ ʔaẓallu	تَظَلِّينَ taẓallīna	تَظَلُّ taẓallu	تَظَلَّانِ taẓallāni	تَظَلَّانِ taẓallāni	نَظَلُّ naẓallu	تَظْلَلْنَ taẓlalna	يَظْلَلْنَ yaẓlalna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَظَلَّ ʔaẓalla	تَظَلَّ taẓalla	يَظَلَّ yaẓalla	تَظَلَّا taẓallā	يَظَلَّا yaẓallā	نَظَلَّ naẓalla	تَظَلُّوا taẓallū	يَظَلُّوا yaẓallū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أَظَلَّ ʔaẓalla	تَظَلِّي taẓallī	تَظَلَّ taẓalla	تَظَلَّا taẓallā	تَظَلَّا taẓallā	نَظَلَّ naẓalla	تَظْلَلْنَ taẓlalna	يَظْلَلْنَ yaẓlalna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَظَلَّ, أَظَلِّ, أَظْلَلْ ʔaẓalla, ʔaẓalli, ʔaẓlal	تَظَلَّ, تَظَلِّ, تَظْلَلْ taẓalla, taẓalli, taẓlal	يَظَلَّ, يَظَلِّ, يَظْلَلْ yaẓalla, yaẓalli, yaẓlal	تَظَلَّا taẓallā	يَظَلَّا yaẓallā	نَظَلَّ, نَظَلِّ, نَظْلَلْ naẓalla, naẓalli, naẓlal	تَظَلُّوا taẓallū	يَظَلُّوا yaẓallū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أَظَلَّ, أَظَلِّ, أَظْلَلْ ʔaẓalla, ʔaẓalli, ʔaẓlal	تَظَلِّي taẓallī	تَظَلَّ, تَظَلِّ, تَظْلَلْ taẓalla, taẓalli, taẓlal	تَظَلَّا taẓallā	تَظَلَّا taẓallā	نَظَلَّ, نَظَلِّ, نَظْلَلْ naẓalla, naẓalli, naẓlal	تَظْلَلْنَ taẓlalna	يَظْلَلْنَ yaẓlalna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		ظَلَّ, ظَلِّ, اِظْلَلْ ẓalla, ẓalli, iẓlal		ظَلَّا ẓallā			ظَلُّوا ẓallū
imperative الْأَمْر	f		ظَلِّي ẓallī		ظَلَّا ẓallā			اِظْلَلْنَ iẓlalna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	—	—	ظُلَّ ẓulla	—	—	—	—	—
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	—	—	يُظَلُّ yuẓallu	—	—	—	—	—
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	—	—	يُظَلَّ yuẓalla	—	—	—	—	—
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	—	—	يُظَلَّ, يُظَلِّ, يُظْلَلْ yuẓalla, yuẓalli, yuẓlal	—	—	—	—	—
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—

Synonyms

مَا زَالَ (mā zāla, “to not stop (doing)”)

Etymology 3

Noun

ظَلّ • (ẓall) m

verbal noun of ظَلَّ (ẓalla) (form I)

Declension

Declension of noun ظَلّ (ẓall)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	ظَلّ ẓall	الظَّلّ aẓ-ẓall	ظَلّ ẓall
Nominative	ظَلٌّ ẓallun	الظَّلُّ aẓ-ẓallu	ظَلُّ ẓallu
Accusative	ظَلًّا ẓallan	الظَّلَّ aẓ-ẓalla	ظَلَّ ẓalla
Genitive	ظَلٍّ ẓallin	الظَّلِّ aẓ-ẓalli	ظَلِّ ẓalli

Gulf Arabic

Etymology 1

From Arabic ظِلّ (ẓill).

Pronunciation

(Kuwait) IPA^(key): /ðˤɪlˤ/

Noun

ظل • (ḏ̣iḷḷ) m (plural ظلال (ḏ̣ḷāḷ))

shadow
shade

Etymology 2

From Arabic ظَلَّ (ẓalla).

Pronunciation

(Kuwait) IPA^(key): /ðˤəlˤ/
Homophone: ضل (ḏ̣aḷ)

Verb

ظل • (ḏ̣aḷḷ) (non-past يظل (yḏ̣iḷḷ))

to stay, to remain
Synonym: بقى (buga)

Antonym: راح (rāḥ)

Hijazi Arabic

Root
ظ ل ل
3 terms

Etymology

From Arabic ظِلّ (ẓill).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /dˤill/, [dˤɪl]

Noun

ظِلّ • (ḍill) m (plural ظلال (ḍilāl))

shadow
shade

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic ظِلّ (ẓill)

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [zill]

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [zɪl(ː)]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [zɪl(ː)]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [zil(ː)]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [zel̥(ː)]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [zil(ː)]

Readings
Classical reading^?	zill
Dari reading^?	zill
Iranian reading^?	zell
Tajik reading^?	zill

Noun


Iranian Persian	ظل
Dari	ظل
Tajik	зилл

ظل • (zell) (plural ظلال (zelāl))

shadow, shade
- c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume II, verse 621:
  زین چنین قحط سه ساله داد داد
  ظل مولانا ابد پاینده باد
  z-īn čunīn qaht-i sih sāla dād dād
  zill-i mawlānā abad pāyanda bād
  Justice, justice against such a three years' famine!
  May the shadow of our lord endure for ever!
shelter, protection, aegis

References

Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “ظل”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim