壏

壏	U+58CF, 壏 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-58CF

Translingual

Han character

壏 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+14, 17 strokes, cangjie input 土尸戈廿 (GSIT), four-corner 4811₇, composition ⿰土監)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 241, character 4
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5550
Dae Jaweon: page 480, character 26
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 496, character 1
Unihan data for U+58CF

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (監) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
藍	*ɡ·raːm
襤	*ɡ·raːm
籃	*ɡ·raːm
懢	ɡ·raːm, ɡ·raːms
儖	*ɡ·raːm
蘫	ɡ·raːm, qʰlaːms
攬	*ɡ·raːmʔ
欖	*ɡ·raːmʔ
覽	*ɡ·raːmʔ
爁	ɡ·raːmʔ, ɡ·raːms, *ɡ·rams
擥	*ɡ·raːmʔ
灠	*ɡ·raːmʔ
濫	ɡ·raːms, ɡraːmʔ
嚂	ɡ·raːms, kʰlaːms, *qʰlaːmʔ
纜	*ɡ·raːms
監	kraːm, kraːms
礛	*kraːm
鑑	kraːm, kraːms, *kraːms
艦	*ɡraːmʔ
檻	ɡraːmʔ, ɡraːms
壏	*ɡraːmʔ
轞	*ɡraːmʔ
鹽	ɡ·lam, ɡ·lams

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡraːmʔ) : semantic 土 + phonetic 監 (OC *kraːm, *kraːms).

Etymology 1

trad.		壏
simp.		𰊑

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): hǎn, làn (han³, lan⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄢˇ, ㄌㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): haam⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: hǎn
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄢˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: hǎn
  - Wade–Giles: han³
  - Yale: hǎn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: haan
  - Palladius: хань (xanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xän²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: làn
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: làn
  - Wade–Giles: lan⁴
  - Yale: làn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lann
  - Palladius: лань (lanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /län⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: haam⁵
  - Yale: háahm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: haam⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: ham⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /haːm¹³/

Middle Chinese: haemX

Rime
Character	壏
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	銜 (149)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	胡黤切
Baxter	haemX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦˠam^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦᵚam^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣam^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦaɨm^X/
Li Rong	/ɣam^X/
Wang Li	/ɣam^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɣam^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xiàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	haam⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*ɡraːmʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	壏
Reading #	1/1
No.	6111
Phonetic component	監
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	檻
Old Chinese	/*ɡraːmʔ/
Notes	見管子

Definitions

壏

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Etymology 2

trad.		壏
simp.		𰊑
alternative forms		住任逽那但

Pronunciation

Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): nā

(Teochew, Peng'im): na⁷

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: nā
  - Tâi-lô: nā
  - Phofsit Daibuun: na
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /nã⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /nã²²/
  - IPA (Singapore): /na²²/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /nã³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: na⁷
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: nā
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /na¹¹/

Definitions

壏

(Hokkien) to stay; to reside (temporarily); to wait at a place
(Hokkien, Teochew) at; in

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 住 (“to live; to reside; to stay”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		住, 居住
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	住
	Taiwan	住
	Malaysia	住
	Singapore	住
Cantonese	Guangzhou	住
	Hong Kong	住
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	住
	Singapore (Guangfu)	住
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	住
Hakka	Meixian	住
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	歇, 蹛
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	歇, 蹛
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	蹛
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	蹛, 歇
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	蹛
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	蹛
	Hong Kong	住
	Kuching (Hepo)	歇
Southern Min	Xiamen	徛, 蹛, 徛起, 徛跤, 壏
	Quanzhou	徛, 蹛, 徛起, 徛跤, 壏
	Zhangzhou	徛, 蹛, 徛起, 徛跤
	Dongshan	蹛
	Tainan	蹛, 徛起
	Penang (Hokkien)	蹛
	Singapore (Hokkien)	徛, 蹛
	Manila (Hokkien)	徛, 徛起
	Chaozhou	徛
	Shantou	徛起, 住
	Jieyang	徛起, 徛, 住
	Bangkok (Teochew)	徛
	Singapore (Teochew)	徛, 蹛
	Leizhou	徛
	Wenchang	徛
	Haikou	徛
	Qionghai	徛
	Singapore (Hainanese)	徛
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	住
Wu	Shanghai	住
	Suzhou	住
	Hangzhou (Yuhang)	蹲

Dialectal synonyms of 在 (“at, in”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		於
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		在
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	在, 挨, 跟, 的
	Taiwan	在
	Harbin	在
	Malaysia	在
	Singapore	在
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	在, 從
Central Plains Mandarin	Wanrong	在
	Xi'an	在
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	在
Lanyin Mandarin	Ürümqi	在
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	在
	Wuhan	在
	Guiyang	在
	Guilin	在
	Liuzhou	在
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	在
	Yangzhou	在
	Rugao	吖
	Hefei	在
Cantonese	Guangzhou	喺, 響
	Hong Kong	喺, 響
	Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou)	喺, 在
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou)	喺, 響
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	在
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	在
	Macau	喺
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	喺, 響
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	響, 喺
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	在
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	在
	Foshan	喺, 響
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	喺, 響
	Foshan (Shunde)	喺
	Foshan (Sanshui)	喺
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	喺, 響
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	在
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	在
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	響, 揀
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	揀
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	喺
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	喺
	Taishan	到, 響
	Kaiping (Chikan)	到, 響
	Enping (Niujiang)	到, 響
	Heshan (Yayao)	響
	Dongguan	響, 在, 喺
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	在
	Yangjiang	在
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	喺, 響
	Singapore (Guangfu)	喺
Gan	Nanchang	在
	Lichuan	在
	Pingxiang	在
Hakka	Meixian	嗨
	Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua)	在
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	在
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	在
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	在
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	在
	Yudu	在
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	在
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	在
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	在
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	在
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	在
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	在
	Hong Kong	在
	Senai (Huiyang)	在
	Kuching (Hepo)	在
	Singapore (Dabu)	在
Jin	Taiyuan	在
Jin	Xinzhou	在
Northern Min	Jian'ou	到
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	著, 在, 洽
	Fuqing	著, 洽
	Singapore (Fuqing)	著
Southern Min	Xiamen	佇, 踮, 蹛
	Quanzhou	佇, 踮, 蹛
	Zhangzhou	佇, 咧, 蹛
	Zhao'an	佇, 蹛
	Taipei	佇
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	佇
	Kaohsiung	佇
	Yilan	佇
	Changhua (Lukang)	佇
	Taichung	佇
	Tainan	佇, 踮, 蹛
	Hsinchu	佇
	Kinmen	佇
	Penghu (Magong)	佇
	Penang (Hokkien)	佇, 蹛
	Singapore (Hokkien)	佇, 壏
	Manila (Hokkien)	佇, 踮
	Chaozhou	在
	Shantou	在
	Shantou (Chenghai)	在
	Shantou (Chaoyang)	在
	Jieyang	在, 壏, 放
	Haifeng	著
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	在
	Singapore (Teochew)	在, 壏
	Leizhou	佇, 放
	Wenchang	佇
	Singapore (Hainanese)	佇
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	在
Wu	Shanghai	垃, 垃垃, 垃拉, 垃海, 垃該, 垃浪
	Shanghai (Xinzhuang, Minhang)	垃該, 拉
	Shanghai (Songjiang)	立垃, 勒嵌
	Shanghai (Chuansha, Pudong)	垃, 垃垃
	Shanghai (Nanhui, Pudong)	垃該
	Shanghai (Fengxian)	垃該
	Shanghai (Jinshan)	有垃, 垃該
	Shanghai (Qingpu)	勒拉
	Shanghai (Jiading)	勒, 浪, 勒浪, 勒搭
	Shanghai (Chongming)	勒勒, 勒
	Suzhou	勒, 勒勒, 勒裡, 勒海, 勒浪, 勒篤
	Suzhou (Shengze, Wujiang)	勒, 勒海, 勒拉, 勒浪
	Wuxi	勒, 來勒, 勒娘, 勒裡
	Changshu	勒笃, 勒裡, 勒海, 勒浪
	Kunshan	勒, 勒浪, 勒海
	Qidong	勒
	Qidong (Lüsi)	在, 來, 來該
	Nantong (Haimen)	勒, 勒特, 勒海, 勒勒
	Haimen (Sijia)	來, 來到
	Rudong	勒, 勒勒
	Pinghu	勒, 勒海, 勒浪, 勒化, 來, 來海, 來浪, 來化
	Haining (Xiashi)	有起霍, 有起, 有垃, 起勒, 起, 勒, 起霍
	Haiyan	勒, 勒勒
	Changzhou	勒, 勒蕩, 勒娘, 勒頭, 漏
	Liyang	立
	Changzhou (Jintan)	在, 則
	Danyang	在, 則
	Jingjiang	來, 勒
	Jiangyin	勒, 勒勒
	Nanjing (Gaochun)	來, 拉, 垃, 得, 擱
	Huzhou	拉
	Deqing	垃, 垃好, 來該, 來東, 拉好, 有好
	Deqing (Geting)	拉
	Hangzhou	勒, 勒哈, 來搭, 來東, 在
	Hangzhou (Lin'an)	來, 來埭, 來同
	Hangzhou (Fuyang)	勒, 勒裡, 勒帶, 勒底
	Hangzhou (Xiaoshan)	來帶, 來東, 來夯, 帶, 東, 夯
	Tonglu	來, 來裡, 來夯
	Shaoxing	來帶, 來埭, 來東, 來同, 來夯, 帶, 埭, 東, 同, 夯
	Shaoxing (Keqiao)	來帶, 來東, 來夯, 帶, 東, 夯
	Zhuji	來克, 來客, 勒克, 勒客, 克, 客
	Shengzhou	來, 來帶, 來東, 來夯
	Xinchang	來固, 來蒙, 來頭
	Ningbo	來, 來勒, 來的, 來對, 來東, 來當, 來該
	Ningbo (Zhenhai)	來
	Ningbo (Beilun)	來, 來該, 來的, 來對, 來當
	Ningbo (Yinzhou)	立該, 來, 來的, 來該
	Yuyao	來, 得, 來浪
	Ninghai	來的
	Zhoushan (Dinghai)	勒
	Wenzhou	是
Xiang	Changsha	在
	Loudi	在
	Shuangfeng	在

Japanese

Kanji

壏

(Hyōgai kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

On (unclassified): かん (kan)、おん (on)