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- research-articlePublished By ACMPublished By ACM
The serverless trilemma: function composition for serverless computing
- Ioana Baldini
IBM Research, USA
, - Perry Cheng
IBM Research, USA
, - Stephen J. Fink
IBM Research, USA
, - Nick Mitchell
IBM Research, USA
, - Vinod Muthusamy
IBM Research, USA
, - Rodric Rabbah
IBM Research, USA
, - Philippe Suter
Two Sigma, USA
, - Olivier Tardieu
IBM Research, USA
Onward! 2017: Proceedings of the 2017 ACM SIGPLAN International Symposium on New Ideas, New Paradigms, and Reflections on Programming and Software•October 2017, pp 89-103• https://doi.org/10.1145/3133850.3133855The field of serverless computing has recently emerged in support of highly scalable, event-driven applications. A serverless application is a set of stateless functions, along with the events that should trigger their activation. A serverless runtime ...
- 94Citation
- 2,333
- Downloads
MetricsTotal Citations94Total Downloads2,333Last 12 Months195Last 6 weeks25
- Ioana Baldini
- research-articlePublished By ACMPublished By ACM
Building a Chatbot with Serverless Computing
- Mengting Yan
Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
, - Paul Castro
IBM Watson Research Center, Cambridge MA
, - Perry Cheng
IBM Watson Research Center, Cambridge MA
, - Vatche Ishakian
IBM Watson Research Center, Cambridge MA
MOTA '16: Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Mashups of Things and APIs•December 2016, Article No.: 5, pp 1-4• https://doi.org/10.1145/3007203.3007217Chatbots are emerging as the newest platform used by millions of consumers worldwide due in part to the commoditization of natural language services, which provide provide developers with many building blocks to create chatbots inexpensively. However, ...
- 82Citation
- 3,431
- Downloads
MetricsTotal Citations82Total Downloads3,431Last 12 Months84Last 6 weeks9
- Mengting Yan
- invited-talkPublished By ACMPublished By ACM
Cloud-native, event-based programming for mobile applications
- Ioana Baldini
IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY
, - Paul Castro
IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY
, - Perry Cheng
IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY
, - Stephen Fink
IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY
, - Vatche Ishakian
IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY
, - Nick Mitchell
IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY
, - Vinod Muthusamy
IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY
, - Rodric Rabbah
IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY
, - Philippe Suter
IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY
MOBILESoft '16: Proceedings of the International Conference on Mobile Software Engineering and Systems•May 2016, pp 287-288• https://doi.org/10.1145/2897073.2897713Creating mobile applications often requires both client and server-side code development, each requiring vastly different skills. Recently, cloud providers like Amazon and Google introduced "server-less" programming models that abstract away many ...
- 28Citation
- 708
- Downloads
MetricsTotal Citations28Total Downloads708Last 12 Months17Last 6 weeks1
- Ioana Baldini
- research-articlePublished By ACMPublished By ACM
Parallel real-time garbage collection of multiple heaps in reconfigurable hardware
- David F. Bacon
IBM Research, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA
, - Perry Cheng
IBM Research, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA
, - Sunil Shukla
IBM Research, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA
ISMM '14: Proceedings of the 2014 international symposium on Memory management•June 2014, pp 117-127• https://doi.org/10.1145/2602988.2602996Despite rapid increases in memory capacity, reconfigurable hardware is still programmed in a very low-level manner, generally without any dynamic allocation at all. This limits productivity especially as the larger chips encourage more and more complex ...
Also Published in:
ACM SIGPLAN Notices: Volume 49 Issue 11, November 2014- 8Citation
- 360
- Downloads
MetricsTotal Citations8Total Downloads360Last 12 Months13Last 6 weeks4
- David F. Bacon
- short-paperfreePublished By ACMPublished By ACM
And then there were none: a stall-free real-time garbage collector for reconfigurable hardware
- David F. Bacon
IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, NY
, - Perry Cheng
IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, NY
, - Sunil Shukla
IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, NY
Communications of the ACM, Volume 56, Issue 12•December 2013, pp 101-109 • https://doi.org/10.1145/2534706.2534726- 7Citation
- 5,663
- Downloads
MetricsTotal Citations7Total Downloads5,663Last 12 Months408Last 6 weeks109
- David F. Bacon
- research-articlePublished By ACMPublished By ACM
POPL 2003: A real-time garbage collector with low overhead and consistent utilization
- David F. Bacon
IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY
, - Perry Cheng
IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY
, - V. T. Rajan
IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY
ACM SIGPLAN Notices, Volume 48, Issue 4S•April 2013, pp 58-71 • https://doi.org/10.1145/2502508.2502523Now that the use of garbage collection in languages like Java is becoming widely accepted due to the safety and software engineering benefits it provides, there is significant interest in applying garbage collection to hard real-time systems. Past ...
- 2Citation
- 139
- Downloads
MetricsTotal Citations2Total Downloads139Last 12 Months2
- David F. Bacon
- research-articlePublished By ACMPublished By ACM
And then there were none: a stall-free real-time garbage collector for reconfigurable hardware
- David F. Bacon
IBM Research, Hawthorne, NY, USA
, - Perry Cheng
IBM Research, Hawthorne, NY, USA
, - Sunil Shukla
IBM Research, Hawthorne, NY, USA
PLDI '12: Proceedings of the 33rd ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation•June 2012, pp 23-34• https://doi.org/10.1145/2254064.2254068Programmers are turning to radical architectures such as reconfigurable hardware (FPGAs) to achieve performance. But such systems, programmed at a very low level in languages with impoverished abstractions, are orders of magnitude more complex to use ...
Also Published in:
ACM SIGPLAN Notices: Volume 47 Issue 6, June 2012- 8Citation
- 628
- Downloads
MetricsTotal Citations8Total Downloads628Last 12 Months13Last 6 weeks4
- David F. Bacon
- research-articlePublished By ACMPublished By ACM
Compiling a high-level language for GPUs: (via language support for architectures and compilers)
- Christophe Dubach
University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland Uk & IBM Research, NY, USA
, - Perry Cheng
IBM Research, NY, USA
, - Rodric Rabbah
IBM Research, NY, USA
, - David F. Bacon
IBM Research, NY, USA
, - Stephen J. Fink
IBM Research, NY, USA
PLDI '12: Proceedings of the 33rd ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation•June 2012, pp 1-12• https://doi.org/10.1145/2254064.2254066Languages such as OpenCL and CUDA offer a standard interface for general-purpose programming of GPUs. However, with these languages, programmers must explicitly manage numerous low-level details involving communication and synchronization. This burden ...
Also Published in:
ACM SIGPLAN Notices: Volume 47 Issue 6, June 2012- 80Citation
- 1,476
- Downloads
MetricsTotal Citations80Total Downloads1,476Last 12 Months37Last 6 weeks4
- Christophe Dubach
- research-articlePublished By ACMPublished By ACM
A compiler and runtime for heterogeneous computing
- Joshua Auerbach
IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center
, - David F. Bacon
IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center
, - Ioana Burcea
IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center
, - Perry Cheng
IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center
, - Stephen J. Fink
IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center
, - Rodric Rabbah
IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center
, - Sunil Shukla
IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center
DAC '12: Proceedings of the 49th Annual Design Automation Conference•June 2012, pp 271-276• https://doi.org/10.1145/2228360.2228411Heterogeneous systems show a lot of promise for extracting high-performance by combining the benefits of conventional architectures with specialized accelerators in the form of graphics processors (GPUs) and reconfigurable hardware (FPGAs). Extracting ...
- 60Citation
- 1,264
- Downloads
MetricsTotal Citations60Total Downloads1,264Last 12 Months42Last 6 weeks12
- Joshua Auerbach
- research-articlePublished By ACMPublished By ACM
Virtualization of heterogeneous machines hardware description in a synthesizable object-oriented language
- Joshua Auerbach
IBM Research
, - David F. Bacon
IBM Research
, - Perry Cheng
IBM Research
, - Rodric Rabbah
IBM Research
, - Sunil Shukla
IBM Research
DAC '11: Proceedings of the 48th Design Automation Conference•June 2011, pp 890-894• https://doi.org/10.1145/2024724.2024923Lime is a new Java-compatible and object-oriented language designed to make programming of reconflgurable hardware significantly more accessible to skilled software developers. Lime programs may run either in software (via Java bytecodes) or in hardware ...
- 1Citation
- 205
- Downloads
MetricsTotal Citations1Total Downloads205Last 12 Months2
- Joshua Auerbach
- research-articlePublished By ACMPublished By ACM
Lime: a Java-compatible and synthesizable language for heterogeneous architectures
- Joshua Auerbach
IBM Research, New York, NY, USA
, - David F. Bacon
IBM Research, New York, NY, USA
, - Perry Cheng
IBM Research, New York, NY, USA
, - Rodric Rabbah
IBM Research, New York, NY, USA
ACM SIGPLAN Notices, Volume 45, Issue 10•October 2010, pp 89-108 • https://doi.org/10.1145/1932682.1869469The halt in clock frequency scaling has forced architects and language designers to look elsewhere for continued improvements in performance. We believe that extracting maximum performance will require compilation to highly heterogeneous architectures ...
- 149Citation
- 2,156
- Downloads
MetricsTotal Citations149Total Downloads2,156Last 12 Months27Last 6 weeks5
- Joshua Auerbach
- research-articlePublished By ACMPublished By ACM
Demystifying magic: high-level low-level programming
- Daniel Frampton
Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
, - Stephen M. Blackburn
Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
, - Perry Cheng
IBM Research, Hawthorne, NY, USA
, - Robin J. Garner
Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
, - David Grove
IBM Research, Hawthorne, NY, USA
, - J. Eliot B. Moss
University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
, - Sergey I. Salishev
St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russian Fed.
VEE '09: Proceedings of the 2009 ACM SIGPLAN/SIGOPS international conference on Virtual execution environments•March 2009, pp 81-90• https://doi.org/10.1145/1508293.1508305The power of high-level languages lies in their abstraction over hardware and software complexity, leading to greater security, better reliability, and lower development costs. However, opaque abstractions are often show-stoppers for systems programmers,...
- 47Citation
- 1,172
- Downloads
MetricsTotal Citations47Total Downloads1,172Last 12 Months63Last 6 weeks11
- Daniel Frampton
- research-articlePublished By ACMPublished By ACM
Tax-and-spend: democratic scheduling for real-time garbage collection
- Joshua Auerbach
IBM Research, Hawthrone, NY, USA
, - David F. Bacon
IBM Research, Hawthorne, NY, USA
, - Perry Cheng
IBM Research, Hawthorne, NY, USA
, - David Grove
IBM Research, Hawthorne, NY, USA
, - Ben Biron
IBM Software Group, Ottawa, ON, Canada
, - Charlie Gracie
IBM Software Group, Ottawa, ON, Canada
, - Bill McCloskey
U.C. Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
, - Aleksandar Micic
IBM Software Group, Ottawa, ON, Canada
, - Ryan Sciampacone
IBM Software Group, Ottawa, ON, Canada
EMSOFT '08: Proceedings of the 8th ACM international conference on Embedded software•October 2008, pp 245-254• https://doi.org/10.1145/1450058.1450092Real-time Garbage Collection (RTGC) has recently advanced to the point where it is being used in production for financial trading, military command-and-control, and telecommunications. However, among potential users of RTGC, there is enormous diversity ...
- 37Citation
- 327
- Downloads
MetricsTotal Citations37Total Downloads327Last 12 Months7
- Joshua Auerbach
- ArticlePublished By ACMPublished By ACM
TuningFork: a platform for visualization and analysis of complex real-time systems
- David F. Bacon
IBM Research, Hawthorne, NY
, - Perry Cheng
IBM Research, Hawthorne, NY
, - David Grove
IBM Research, Hawthorne, NY
OOPSLA '07: Companion to the 22nd ACM SIGPLAN conference on Object-oriented programming systems and applications companion•October 2007, pp 854-855• https://doi.org/10.1145/1297846.1297923Debugging the timing behavior of real-time systems is notoriously difficult, and with a new generation of complex systems consisting of tens of millions of lines of code, the difficulty is increasing enormously. We have developed TuningFork, a tool ...
- 10Citation
- 225
- Downloads
MetricsTotal Citations10Total Downloads225Last 12 Months2
- David F. Bacon
- ArticlePublished By ACMPublished By ACM
Design and implementation of a comprehensive real-time java virtual machine
- Joshua Auerbach
IBM Research, Hawthorne, NY
, - David F. Bacon
IBM Research, Hawthorne, NY
, - Bob Blainey
IBM Software Group, Toronto, ON, Canada
, - Perry Cheng
IBM Research, Hawthorne, NY
, - Michael Dawson
IBM Software Group, Ottawa, ON, Canada
, - Mike Fulton
IBM Software Group, Burnaby, BC, Canada
, - David Grove
IBM Research, Hawthorne, NY
, - Darren Hart
IBM Linux Technology Center, Beaverton, OR
, - Mark Stoodley
IBM Software Group, Toronto, ON, Canada
EMSOFT '07: Proceedings of the 7th ACM & IEEE international conference on Embedded software•September 2007, pp 249-258• https://doi.org/10.1145/1289927.1289967The emergence of standards for programming real-time systems in Java has encouraged many developers to consider its use for systems previously only built using C, Ada, or assembly language. However, the RTSJ standard in isolation leaves many important ...
- 44Citation
- 704
- Downloads
MetricsTotal Citations44Total Downloads704Last 12 Months7
- Joshua Auerbach
- Article
Generational real-time garbage collection: a three-part invention for young objects
- Daniel Frampton
Australian National University, Canberra ACT, Australia
, - David F. Bacon
IBM T.J. Watson Research, Hawthorne, NY
, - Perry Cheng
IBM T.J. Watson Research, Hawthorne, NY
, - David Grove
IBM T.J. Watson Research, Hawthorne, NY
ECOOP'07: Proceedings of the 21st European conference on Object-Oriented Programming•July 2007, pp 101-125While real-time garbage collection is now available in production virtual machines, the lack of generational capability means applications with high allocation rates are subject to reduced throughput and high space overheads.
Since frequent allocation ...
- 7Citation
MetricsTotal Citations7
- Daniel Frampton
- ArticlePublished By ACMPublished By ACM
Eventrons: a safe programming construct for high-frequency hard real-time applications
- Daniel Spoonhower
Carnegie Mellon University
, - Joshua Auerbach
IBM Research
, - David F. Bacon
IBM Research
, - Perry Cheng
IBM Research
, - David Grove
IBM Research
PLDI '06: Proceedings of the 27th ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation•June 2006, pp 283-294• https://doi.org/10.1145/1133981.1134015While real-time garbage collection has achieved worst-case latencies on the order of a millisecond, this technology is approaching its practical limits. For tasks requiring extremely low latency, and especially periodic tasks with frequencies above 1 ...
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ACM SIGPLAN Notices: Volume 41 Issue 6, June 2006- 31Citation
- 549
- Downloads
MetricsTotal Citations31Total Downloads549Last 12 Months3
- Daniel Spoonhower
- Article
Demonstration: on-line visualization and analysis of real-time systems with tuningfork
- David F. Bacon
IBM T.J. Watson Research Center
, - Perry Cheng
IBM T.J. Watson Research Center
, - Daniel Frampton
Department of Computer Science, The Australian National University
, - David Grove
IBM T.J. Watson Research Center
, - Matthias Hauswirth
Università della Svizzera Italiana
, - V. T. Rajan
IBM T.J. Watson Research Center
CC'06: Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Compiler Construction•March 2006, pp 96-100• https://doi.org/10.1007/11688839_8TuningFork is an online, scriptable data visualization and analysis tool that supports the development and continuous monitoring of real-time systems. While TuningFork was originally designed and tested for use with a particular real-time Java Virtual ...
- 1Citation
MetricsTotal Citations1
- David F. Bacon
- ArticlePublished By ACMPublished By ACM
High-level real-time programming in Java
- David F. Bacon
IBM T.J. Watson Research Center
, - Perry Cheng
IBM T.J. Watson Research Center
, - David Grove
IBM T.J. Watson Research Center
, - Michael Hind
IBM T.J. Watson Research Center
, - V. T. Rajan
IBM T.J. Watson Research Center
, - Eran Yahav
IBM T.J. Watson Research Center
, - Matthias Hauswirth
Università della Svizzera Italiana
, - Christoph M. Kirsch
Universität Salzburg
, - Daniel Spoonhower
Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA
, - Martin T. Vechev
University of Cambridge
EMSOFT '05: Proceedings of the 5th ACM international conference on Embedded software•September 2005, pp 68-78• https://doi.org/10.1145/1086228.1086242Real-time systems have reached a level of complexity beyond the scaling capability of the low-level or restricted languages traditionally used for real-time programming.While Metronome garbage collection has made it practical to use Java to implement ...
- 6Citation
- 404
- Downloads
MetricsTotal Citations6Total Downloads404Last 12 Months16
- David F. Bacon
- Article
Derivation and evaluation of concurrent collectors
- Martin T. Vechev
Computer Laboratory, Cambridge University, Cambridge, U.K
, - David F. Bacon
IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY
, - Perry Cheng
IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY
, - David Grove
IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY
ECOOP'05: Proceedings of the 19th European conference on Object-Oriented Programming•July 2005, pp 577-601• https://doi.org/10.1007/11531142_25There are many algorithms for concurrent garbage collection, but they are complex to describe, verify, and implement. This has resulted in a poor understanding of the relationships between the algorithms, and has precluded systematic study and ...
- 6Citation
MetricsTotal Citations6
- Martin T. Vechev
Author Profile Pages
- Description: The Author Profile Page initially collects all the professional information known about authors from the publications record as known by the ACM bibliographic database, the Guide. Coverage of ACM publications is comprehensive from the 1950's. Coverage of other publishers generally starts in the mid 1980's. The Author Profile Page supplies a quick snapshot of an author's contribution to the field and some rudimentary measures of influence upon it. Over time, the contents of the Author Profile page may expand at the direction of the community.
Please see the following 2007 Turing Award winners' profiles as examples: - History: Disambiguation of author names is of course required for precise identification of all the works, and only those works, by a unique individual. Of equal importance to ACM, author name normalization is also one critical prerequisite to building accurate citation and download statistics. For the past several years, ACM has worked to normalize author names, expand reference capture, and gather detailed usage statistics, all intended to provide the community with a robust set of publication metrics. The Author Profile Pages reveal the first result of these efforts.
- Normalization: ACM uses normalization algorithms to weigh several types of evidence for merging and splitting names.
These include:- co-authors: if we have two names and cannot disambiguate them based on name alone, then we see if they have a co-author in common. If so, this weighs towards the two names being the same person.
- affiliations: names in common with same affiliation weighs toward the two names being the same person.
- publication title: names in common whose works are published in same journal weighs toward the two names being the same person.
- keywords: names in common whose works address the same subject matter as determined from title and keywords, weigh toward being the same person.
The more conservative the merging algorithms, the more bits of evidence are required before a merge is made, resulting in greater precision but lower recall of works for a given Author Profile. Many bibliographic records have only author initials. Many names lack affiliations. With very common family names, typical in Asia, more liberal algorithms result in mistaken merges.
Automatic normalization of author names is not exact. Hence it is clear that manual intervention based on human knowledge is required to perfect algorithmic results. ACM is meeting this challenge, continuing to work to improve the automated merges by tweaking the weighting of the evidence in light of experience.
- Bibliometrics: In 1926, Alfred Lotka formulated his power law (known as Lotka's Law) describing the frequency of publication by authors in a given field. According to this bibliometric law of scientific productivity, only a very small percentage (~6%) of authors in a field will produce more than 10 articles while the majority (perhaps 60%) will have but a single article published. With ACM's first cut at author name normalization in place, the distribution of our authors with 1, 2, 3..n publications does not match Lotka's Law precisely, but neither is the distribution curve far off. For a definition of ACM's first set of publication statistics, see Bibliometrics
- Future Direction:
The initial release of the Author Edit Screen is open to anyone in the community with an ACM account, but it is limited to personal information. An author's photograph, a Home Page URL, and an email may be added, deleted or edited. Changes are reviewed before they are made available on the live site.
ACM will expand this edit facility to accommodate more types of data and facilitate ease of community participation with appropriate safeguards. In particular, authors or members of the community will be able to indicate works in their profile that do not belong there and merge others that do belong but are currently missing.
A direct search interface for Author Profiles will be built.
An institutional view of works emerging from their faculty and researchers will be provided along with a relevant set of metrics.
It is possible, too, that the Author Profile page may evolve to allow interested authors to upload unpublished professional materials to an area available for search and free educational use, but distinct from the ACM Digital Library proper. It is hard to predict what shape such an area for user-generated content may take, but it carries interesting potential for input from the community.
Bibliometrics
The ACM DL is a comprehensive repository of publications from the entire field of computing.
It is ACM's intention to make the derivation of any publication statistics it generates clear to the user.
- Average citations per article = The total Citation Count divided by the total Publication Count.
- Citation Count = cumulative total number of times all authored works by this author were cited by other works within ACM's bibliographic database. Almost all reference lists in articles published by ACM have been captured. References lists from other publishers are less well-represented in the database. Unresolved references are not included in the Citation Count. The Citation Count is citations TO any type of work, but the references counted are only FROM journal and proceedings articles. Reference lists from books, dissertations, and technical reports have not generally been captured in the database. (Citation Counts for individual works are displayed with the individual record listed on the Author Page.)
- Publication Count = all works of any genre within the universe of ACM's bibliographic database of computing literature of which this person was an author. Works where the person has role as editor, advisor, chair, etc. are listed on the page but are not part of the Publication Count.
- Publication Years = the span from the earliest year of publication on a work by this author to the most recent year of publication of a work by this author captured within the ACM bibliographic database of computing literature (The ACM Guide to Computing Literature, also known as "the Guide".
- Available for download = the total number of works by this author whose full texts may be downloaded from an ACM full-text article server. Downloads from external full-text sources linked to from within the ACM bibliographic space are not counted as 'available for download'.
- Average downloads per article = The total number of cumulative downloads divided by the number of articles (including multimedia objects) available for download from ACM's servers.
- Downloads (cumulative) = The cumulative number of times all works by this author have been downloaded from an ACM full-text article server since the downloads were first counted in May 2003. The counts displayed are updated monthly and are therefore 0-31 days behind the current date. Robotic activity is scrubbed from the download statistics.
- Downloads (12 months) = The cumulative number of times all works by this author have been downloaded from an ACM full-text article server over the last 12-month period for which statistics are available. The counts displayed are usually 1-2 weeks behind the current date. (12-month download counts for individual works are displayed with the individual record.)
- Downloads (6 weeks) = The cumulative number of times all works by this author have been downloaded from an ACM full-text article server over the last 6-week period for which statistics are available. The counts displayed are usually 1-2 weeks behind the current date. (6-week download counts for individual works are displayed with the individual record.)
ACM Author-Izer Service
Summary Description
ACM Author-Izer is a unique service that enables ACM authors to generate and post links on both their homepage and institutional repository for visitors to download the definitive version of their articles from the ACM Digital Library at no charge.
Downloads from these sites are captured in official ACM statistics, improving the accuracy of usage and impact measurements. Consistently linking to definitive version of ACM articles should reduce user confusion over article versioning.
ACM Author-Izer also extends ACM’s reputation as an innovative “Green Path” publisher, making ACM one of the first publishers of scholarly works to offer this model to its authors.
To access ACM Author-Izer, authors need to establish a free ACM web account. Should authors change institutions or sites, they can utilize the new ACM service to disable old links and re-authorize new links for free downloads from a different site.
How ACM Author-Izer Works
Authors may post ACM Author-Izer links in their own bibliographies maintained on their website and their own institution’s repository. The links take visitors to your page directly to the definitive version of individual articles inside the ACM Digital Library to download these articles for free.
The Service can be applied to all the articles you have ever published with ACM.
Depending on your previous activities within the ACM DL, you may need to take up to three steps to use ACM Author-Izer.
For authors who do not have a free ACM Web Account:
- Go to the ACM DL http://dl.acm.org/ and click SIGN UP. Once your account is established, proceed to next step.
For authors who have an ACM web account, but have not edited their ACM Author Profile page:
- Sign in to your ACM web account and go to your Author Profile page. Click "Add personal information" and add photograph, homepage address, etc. Click ADD AUTHOR INFORMATION to submit change. Once you receive email notification that your changes were accepted, you may utilize ACM Author-izer.
For authors who have an account and have already edited their Profile Page:
- Sign in to your ACM web account, go to your Author Profile page in the Digital Library, look for the ACM Author-izer link below each ACM published article, and begin the authorization process. If you have published many ACM articles, you may find a batch Authorization process useful. It is labeled: "Export as: ACM Author-Izer Service"
ACM Author-Izer also provides code snippets for authors to display download and citation statistics for each “authorized” article on their personal pages. Downloads from these pages are captured in official ACM statistics, improving the accuracy of usage and impact measurements. Consistently linking to the definitive version of ACM articles should reduce user confusion over article versioning.
Note: You still retain the right to post your author-prepared preprint versions on your home pages and in your institutional repositories with DOI pointers to the definitive version permanently maintained in the ACM Digital Library. But any download of your preprint versions will not be counted in ACM usage statistics. If you use these AUTHOR-IZER links instead, usage by visitors to your page will be recorded in the ACM Digital Library and displayed on your page.
FAQ
- Q. What is ACM Author-Izer?
A. ACM Author-Izer is a unique, link-based, self-archiving service that enables ACM authors to generate and post links on either their home page or institutional repository for visitors to download the definitive version of their articles for free.
- Q. What articles are eligible for ACM Author-Izer?
- A. ACM Author-Izer can be applied to all the articles authors have ever published with ACM. It is also available to authors who will have articles published in ACM publications in the future.
- Q. Are there any restrictions on authors to use this service?
- A. No. An author does not need to subscribe to the ACM Digital Library nor even be a member of ACM.
- Q. What are the requirements to use this service?
- A. To access ACM Author-Izer, authors need to have a free ACM web account, must have an ACM Author Profile page in the Digital Library, and must take ownership of their Author Profile page.
- Q. What is an ACM Author Profile Page?
- A. The Author Profile Page initially collects all the professional information known about authors from the publications record as known by the ACM Digital Library. The Author Profile Page supplies a quick snapshot of an author's contribution to the field and some rudimentary measures of influence upon it. Over time, the contents of the Author Profile page may expand at the direction of the community. Please visit the ACM Author Profile documentation page for more background information on these pages.
- Q. How do I find my Author Profile page and take ownership?
- A. You will need to take the following steps:
- Create a free ACM Web Account
- Sign-In to the ACM Digital Library
- Find your Author Profile Page by searching the ACM Digital Library for your name
- Find the result you authored (where your author name is a clickable link)
- Click on your name to go to the Author Profile Page
- Click the "Add Personal Information" link on the Author Profile Page
- Wait for ACM review and approval; generally less than 24 hours
- Q. Why does my photo not appear?
- A. Make sure that the image you submit is in .jpg or .gif format and that the file name does not contain special characters
- Q. What if I cannot find the Add Personal Information function on my author page?
- A. The ACM account linked to your profile page is different than the one you are logged into. Please logout and login to the account associated with your Author Profile Page.
- Q. What happens if an author changes the location of his bibliography or moves to a new institution?
- A. Should authors change institutions or sites, they can utilize ACM Author-Izer to disable old links and re-authorize new links for free downloads from a new location.
- Q. What happens if an author provides a URL that redirects to the author’s personal bibliography page?
- A. The service will not provide a free download from the ACM Digital Library. Instead the person who uses that link will simply go to the Citation Page for that article in the ACM Digital Library where the article may be accessed under the usual subscription rules.
However, if the author provides the target page URL, any link that redirects to that target page will enable a free download from the Service.
- Q. What happens if the author’s bibliography lives on a page with several aliases?
- A. Only one alias will work, whichever one is registered as the page containing the author’s bibliography. ACM has no technical solution to this problem at this time.
- Q. Why should authors use ACM Author-Izer?
- A. ACM Author-Izer lets visitors to authors’ personal home pages download articles for no charge from the ACM Digital Library. It allows authors to dynamically display real-time download and citation statistics for each “authorized” article on their personal site.
- Q. Does ACM Author-Izer provide benefits for authors?
- A. Downloads of definitive articles via Author-Izer links on the authors’ personal web page are captured in official ACM statistics to more accurately reflect usage and impact measurements.
Authors who do not use ACM Author-Izer links will not have downloads from their local, personal bibliographies counted. They do, however, retain the existing right to post author-prepared preprint versions on their home pages or institutional repositories with DOI pointers to the definitive version permanently maintained in the ACM Digital Library.
- Q. How does ACM Author-Izer benefit the computing community?
- A. ACM Author-Izer expands the visibility and dissemination of the definitive version of ACM articles. It is based on ACM’s strong belief that the computing community should have the widest possible access to the definitive versions of scholarly literature. By linking authors’ personal bibliography with the ACM Digital Library, user confusion over article versioning should be reduced over time.
In making ACM Author-Izer a free service to both authors and visitors to their websites, ACM is emphasizing its continuing commitment to the interests of its authors and to the computing community in ways that are consistent with its existing subscription-based access model.
- Q. Why can’t I find my most recent publication in my ACM Author Profile Page?
- A. There is a time delay between publication and the process which associates that publication with an Author Profile Page. Right now, that process usually takes 4-8 weeks.
- Q. How does ACM Author-Izer expand ACM’s “Green Path” Access Policies?
- A. ACM Author-Izer extends the rights and permissions that authors retain even after copyright transfer to ACM, which has been among the “greenest” publishers. ACM enables its author community to retain a wide range of rights related to copyright and reuse of materials. They include:
- Posting rights that ensure free access to their work outside the ACM Digital Library and print publications
- Rights to reuse any portion of their work in new works that they may create
- Copyright to artistic images in ACM’s graphics-oriented publications that authors may want to exploit in commercial contexts
- All patent rights, which remain with the original owner