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FLoRa+: Energy-efficient, Reliable, Beamforming-assisted, and Secure Over-the-air Firmware Update in LoRa Networks

Authors:

Weitao XuAuthors Info & Claims

ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks, Volume 20, Issue 3

Article No.: 54, Pages 1 - 28

https://doi.org/10.1145/3641548

Published: 23 February 2024 Publication History

Abstract

The widespread deployment of unattended LoRa networks poses a growing need to perform Firmware Updates Over-The-Air (FUOTA). However, the FUOTA specifications dedicated by LoRa Alliance fall short of several deficiencies with respect to energy efficiency, transmission reliability, multicast fairness, and security. This article proposes FLoRa+, energy-efficient, reliable, beamforming-assisted, and secure FUOTA for LoRa networks, which is featured with several techniques, including delta scripting, channel coding, beamforming, and securing mechanisms. Specifically, we first propose a joint differencing and compression algorithm to generate the delta script for processing gain, which unlocks the potential of incremental FUOTA in LoRa networks. Then, we design a concatenated channel coding scheme with outer rateless code and inner error detection to enable reliable transmission for coding gain. Afterward, we develop a beamforming strategy to avoid biased multicast and compromised throughput for power gain. Finally, we present a securing mechanism incorporating progressive hash chain and packet arrival time pattern verification to countermeasure firmware integrity and availability attacks for security gain. Experimental results on a 20-node testbed demonstrate that FLoRa+ improves transmission reliability and energy efficiency by up to 1.51× and 2.65× compared with LoRaWAN. Additionally, FLoRa+ can defend against 100% and 85.4% of spoofing and Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks.

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Cited By

Lyu SChen YDuan DJia RXu W(2024)EarDA: Towards Accurate and Data-Efficient Earable Activity Sensing2024 IEEE Coupling of Sensing & Computing in AIoT Systems (CSCAIoT)10.1109/CSCAIoT62585.2024.00005(1-7)Online publication date: 13-May-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/CSCAIoT62585.2024.00005

Index Terms

FLoRa+: Energy-efficient, Reliable, Beamforming-assisted, and Secure Over-the-air Firmware Update in LoRa Networks
1. Computer systems organization
  1. Embedded and cyber-physical systems
    1. Embedded systems
2. Networks
  1. Network protocols

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Published In

cover image ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks

ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks Volume 20, Issue 3

May 2024

634 pages

EISSN:1550-4867

DOI:10.1145/3613571

Editor:
Wen Hu
University of New South Wales, Australia

Issue’s Table of Contents

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than the author(s) must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected].

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ACM Journals for the Design of Smart and Connected Systems

Publication History

Published: 23 February 2024

Online AM: 22 January 2024

Accepted: 11 January 2024

Revised: 10 January 2024

Received: 01 November 2023

Published in TOSN Volume 20, Issue 3

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NSFC
Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong
Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
NSF of Shandong Province
Guangdong Province
CityU APRC
CityU MFPRC
CityU SIRG
CityU SRG-Fd

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Cited By

Lyu SChen YDuan DJia RXu W(2024)EarDA: Towards Accurate and Data-Efficient Earable Activity Sensing2024 IEEE Coupling of Sensing & Computing in AIoT Systems (CSCAIoT)10.1109/CSCAIoT62585.2024.00005(1-7)Online publication date: 13-May-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/CSCAIoT62585.2024.00005

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