[go: up one dir, main page]
More Web Proxy on the site http://driver.im/ skip to main content
research-article

Connectivity-based localization of large-scale sensor networks with complex shape

Published: 27 November 2009 Publication History

Abstract

We study the problem of localizing a large sensor network having a complex shape, possibly with holes. A major challenge with respect to such networks is to figure out the correct network layout, that is, avoid global flips where a part of the network folds on top of another. Our algorithm first selects landmarks on network boundaries with sufficient density, then constructs the landmark Voronoi diagram and its dual combinatorial Delaunay complex on these landmarks. The key insight is that the combinatorial Delaunay complex is provably globally rigid and has a unique realization in the plane. Thus an embedding of the landmarks by simply gluing the Delaunay triangles properly recovers the faithful network layout. With the landmarks nicely localized, the rest of the nodes can easily localize themselves by trilateration to nearby landmark nodes. This leads to a practical and accurate localization algorithm for large networks using only network connectivity. Simulations on various network topologies show surprisingly good results. In comparison, previous connectivity-based localization algorithms such as multidimensional scaling and rubberband representation generate globally flipped or distorted localization results.

References

[1]
Amenta, N., Bern, M., and Eppstein, D. 1998. The crust and the β-skeleton: Combinatorial curve reconstruction. Graph. Mod. Image Process. 60, 125--135.
[2]
Anderson, B. D. O., Belhumeur, P. N., Eren, T., Goldenberg, D. K., Morse, A. S., Whiteley, W., and Yang, Y. R. 2007. Graphical properties of easily localizable sensor networks. Wire. Netw. 15, 2, 177--191.
[3]
Aspnes, J., Goldenberg, D., and Yang, Y. R. 2004. On the computational complexity of sensor network localization. In Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Algorithmic Aspects of Wireless Sensor Networks (ALGOSENSORS). 32--44.
[4]
Badoiu, M., Demaine, E. D., Hajiaghayi, M. T., and Indyk, P. 2004. Low-dimensional embedding with extra information. In Proceedings of the 20th Annual Symposium on Computational Geometry (SCG'04). 320--329.
[5]
Bateni, M., Demaine, E. D., Hajiaghayi, M., and Moharrami, M. 2007. Plane embeddings of planar graph metrics. Discrete Comput. Geom. 38, 3, 615--637.
[6]
Berg, A. R. and Jordán, T. 2003. A proof of connelly's conjecture on 3-connected generic cycles. J. Comb. Theory B 88, 1, 17--37.
[7]
Biswas, P. and Ye, Y. 2004. Semidefinite programming for ad hoc wireless sensor network localization. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Information Processing in Sensor Networks. 46--54.
[8]
Bott, R. and Tu, L. 1982. Differential Forms in Algebraic Topology. Springer-Verlag.
[9]
Bruck, J., Gao, J., and Jiang, A. 2005. MAP: Medial axis based geometric routing in sensor networks. In Proceedings of the ACM/IEEE International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom). 88--102.
[10]
Cabello, S., Demaine, E. D., and Rote, G. 2007. Planar embeddings of graphs with specified edge lengths. J. Graph Algor. Appl. 11, 1, 259--276.
[11]
Carlsson, G. and de Silva, V. 2004. Topological approximation by small simplicial complexes. In Proceedings of the Symposium on Point-Based Graphics.
[12]
de Silva, V. 2003. A weak definition of Delaunay triangulation. Tech. Rep., Stanford University.
[13]
Edelsbrunner, H. 2001. Geometry and Topology for Mesh Generation. Cambridge University Press.
[14]
Elson, J. 2003. Time synchronization in wireless sensor networks. Ph.D. thesis, University of California, Los Angeles.
[15]
Eren, T., Goldenberg, D., Whitley, W., Yang, Y., Morse, S., Anderson, B., and Belhumeur, P. 2004. Rigidity, computation, and randomization of network localization. In Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (INFOCOM'04). Vol. 4. 2673--2684.
[16]
Fang, Q., Gao, J., Guibas, L., de Silva, V., and Zhang, L. 2005. GLIDER: Gradient landmark-based distributed routing for sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 24th Conference of the IEEE Communication Society (INFOCOM). Vol. 1. 339--350.
[17]
Fang, Q., Gao, J., and Guibas, L. J. 2006. Landmark-based information storage and retrieval in sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 25th Conference of the IEEE Communication Society (INFOCOM'06). Vol. 1. 339--350.
[18]
Fekete, S. P., Kaufmann, M., Kröller, A., and Lehmann, N. 2005. A new approach for boundary recognition in geometric sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 17th Canadian Conference on Computational Geometry. 82--85.
[19]
Fekete, S. P., Kröller, A., Pfisterer, D., Fischer, S., and Buschmann, C. 2004. Neighborhood-based topology recognition in sensor networks. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 3121. 123--136.
[20]
Fruchterman, T. M. J. and Reingold, E. M. 1991. Graph drawing by force-directed placement. Softw. Pract. Exper. 21, 11, 1129--1164.
[21]
Funke, S. 2005. Topological hole detection in wireless sensor networks and its applications. In Proceedings of the Joint Workshop on Foundations of Mobile Computing (DIALM-POMC'05). 44--53.
[22]
Funke, S. and Klein, C. 2006. Hole detection or: “how much geometry hides in connectivity?”. In Proceedings of the 22nd Annual Symposium on Computational Geometry (SCG'06). 377--385.
[23]
Funke, S. and Milosavljević, N. 2007a. Guaranteed-delivery geographic routing under uncertain node locations. In Proceedings of the 26th Conference of the IEEE Communications Society (INFOCOM'07). 1244--1252.
[24]
Funke, S. and Milosavljević, N. 2007b. Network sketching or: “how much geometry hides in connectivity? - part II”. In Proceedings of the 18th Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms (SODA'07). 958--967.
[25]
Ganeriwal, S., Kumar, R., and Srivastava, M. B. 2003. Timing-sync protocol for sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys'03). 138--149.
[26]
Gao, J., Guibas, L., Oudot, S., and Wang, Y. 2008. Geodesic delaunay triangulation and witness complex in the plane. In Proceedings of the 18th ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms. 571--580.
[27]
Goldenberg, D., Bihler, P., Cao, M., Fang, J., Anderson, B. D., Morse, A. S., and Yang, Y. R. 2006. Localization in sparse networks using sweeps. In Proceedings of the ACM/IEEE International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom). 110--121.
[28]
Goldenberg, D., Krishnamurthy, A., Maness, W., Yang, Y. R., Young, A., Morse, A. S., Savvides, A., and Anderson, B. 2005. Network localization in partially localizable networks. In Proceedings of the 24th Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (INFOCOM'05). Vol. 1. 313--326.
[29]
Graver, J. E., Servatius, B., and Servatius, H. 1993. Combinatorial Rigidity. Graduate Studies in Math., AMS.
[30]
Hendrickson, B. 1992. Conditions for unique graph realizations. SIAM J. Comput. 21, 1, 65--84.
[31]
Howard, A., Mataric, M., and Sukhatme, G. 2001. Relaxation on a mesh: a formalism for generalized localization. In Proceedings of the IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS). 1055--1060.
[32]
Jacobs, D. J. and Hendrickson, B. 1997. An algorithm for two-dimensional rigidity percolation: the pebble game. J. Comput. Phys. 137, 2, 346--365.
[33]
Kamada, T. and Kawai, S. 1989. An algorithm for drawing general undirected graphs. Inform. Process. Lett. 31, 1, 7--15.
[34]
Kobourov, S. G., Efrat, A., Forrester, D., and Iyer, A. 2006. Force-directed approaches to sensor network localization. In Proceedings of the 8th Workshop on Algorithm Engineering and Experiments (ALENEX).
[35]
Kröller, A., Fekete, S. P., Pfisterer, D., and Fischer, S. 2006. Deterministic boundary recognition and topology extraction for large sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 17th Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms. 1000--1009.
[36]
Laman, G. 1970. On graphs and rigidity of plane skeletal structures. J. Engin. Math. 4, 331--340.
[37]
Moore, D., Leonard, J., Rus, D., and Teller, S. 2004. Robust distributed network localization with noisy range measurements. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys'04). 50--61.
[38]
Priyantha, N. B., Balakrishnan, H., Demaine, E., and Teller, S. 2003. Anchor-free distributed localization in sensor networks. Tech. Rep. TR-892, MIT LCS.
[39]
Rao, A., Papadimitriou, C., Shenker, S., and Stoica, I. 2003. Geographic routing without location information. In Proceedings of the 9th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking. 96--108.
[40]
Savvides, A., Han, C.-C., and Strivastava, M. B. 2001. Dynamic fine-grained localization in ad-hoc networks of sensors. In Proceedings of the 7th ACM Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom'01). 166--179.
[41]
Saxe, J. B. 1979. Embeddability of weighted graphs in k-space is strongly NP-hard. In Proceedings of the 17th Allerton Conference in Communications, Control and Computing. 480--489.
[42]
Shang, Y., Ruml, W., Zhang, Y., and Fromherz, M. P. J. 2003. Localization from mere connectivity. In Proceedings of the 4th ACM International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing (MobiHoc'03). 201--212.
[43]
So, A. M.-C. and Ye, Y. 2005. Theory of semidefinite programming for sensor network localization. In Proceedings of the 16th Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms (SODA'05). 405--414.
[44]
Tenenbaum, J., de Silva, V., and Langford, J. 2000. A global geometric framework for nonlinear dimensionality reduction. Science 290, 22, 2319--323.
[45]
Tutte, W. T. 1963. How to draw a graph. Proc. London Math. Soc. 13, 52, 743--768.
[46]
Wang, Y., Gao, J., and Mitchell, J. S. B. 2006. Boundary recognition in sensor networks by topological methods. In Proceedings of the ACM/IEEE International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom). 122--133.
[47]
Zhu, X., Sarkar, R., and Gao, J. 2007. Shape segmentation and applications in sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 26th Conference of the IEEE Communications Society (INFOCOM'07). 1838--1846.

Cited By

View all
  • (2024)Sensor Response-Based Localization Using Spatial Correlation of Nongeotagged DataIEEE Sensors Journal10.1109/JSEN.2023.333972324:3(3788-3796)Online publication date: 1-Feb-2024
  • (2023)Location error analysis of WSN in 3D complex terrainJournal of Control and Decision10.1080/23307706.2023.217192111:3(428-437)Online publication date: 19-Feb-2023
  • (2022)Indoor Pedestrian Localization Methods Using Contact Information from Bluetooth Low Energy Beacons Between Smartphones2022 IEEE 95th Vehicular Technology Conference: (VTC2022-Spring)10.1109/VTC2022-Spring54318.2022.9860994(1-7)Online publication date: Jun-2022
  • Show More Cited By

Index Terms

  1. Connectivity-based localization of large-scale sensor networks with complex shape

          Recommendations

          Comments

          Please enable JavaScript to view thecomments powered by Disqus.

          Information & Contributors

          Information

          Published In

          cover image ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks
          ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks  Volume 5, Issue 4
          November 2009
          264 pages
          ISSN:1550-4859
          EISSN:1550-4867
          DOI:10.1145/1614379
          Issue’s Table of Contents
          Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

          Publisher

          Association for Computing Machinery

          New York, NY, United States

          Journal Family

          Publication History

          Published: 27 November 2009
          Accepted: 01 August 2008
          Revised: 01 August 2008
          Received: 01 March 2008
          Published in TOSN Volume 5, Issue 4

          Permissions

          Request permissions for this article.

          Check for updates

          Author Tags

          1. Combinatorial Delaunay Complex
          2. Embedding
          3. Graph Rigidity
          4. Localization
          5. Sensor Networks

          Qualifiers

          • Research-article
          • Research
          • Refereed

          Funding Sources

          Contributors

          Other Metrics

          Bibliometrics & Citations

          Bibliometrics

          Article Metrics

          • Downloads (Last 12 months)15
          • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)6
          Reflects downloads up to 13 Dec 2024

          Other Metrics

          Citations

          Cited By

          View all
          • (2024)Sensor Response-Based Localization Using Spatial Correlation of Nongeotagged DataIEEE Sensors Journal10.1109/JSEN.2023.333972324:3(3788-3796)Online publication date: 1-Feb-2024
          • (2023)Location error analysis of WSN in 3D complex terrainJournal of Control and Decision10.1080/23307706.2023.217192111:3(428-437)Online publication date: 19-Feb-2023
          • (2022)Indoor Pedestrian Localization Methods Using Contact Information from Bluetooth Low Energy Beacons Between Smartphones2022 IEEE 95th Vehicular Technology Conference: (VTC2022-Spring)10.1109/VTC2022-Spring54318.2022.9860994(1-7)Online publication date: Jun-2022
          • (2022)Contact Information-Based Indoor Pedestrian Localization Using Bluetooth Low Energy BeaconsIEEE Access10.1109/ACCESS.2022.322230110(119863-119874)Online publication date: 2022
          • (2022)Distributed localization of wireless sensor network using communication wheelInformation and Computation10.1016/j.ic.2022.104962289:PAOnline publication date: 1-Nov-2022
          • (2021)Verification of Error-Increasing Factors by Sensor Response-Based Localization Technology Through Real Device ExperimentsIEEE Access10.1109/ACCESS.2021.30953069(101729-101740)Online publication date: 2021
          • (2020)Data-Correlation-Based Sensor Localization for Environment Sensing with Non-Geotagged Data2020 IEEE 92nd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2020-Fall)10.1109/VTC2020-Fall49728.2020.9348657(1-6)Online publication date: Nov-2020
          • (2020)Environment Sensing Based on Non-Geotagged Sensor Data2020 International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC)10.1109/ICNC47757.2020.9049710(90-95)Online publication date: Feb-2020
          • (2020)Cooperative Localization in Wireless Sensor NetworksEncyclopedia of Wireless Networks10.1007/978-3-319-78262-1_266(235-239)Online publication date: 30-Aug-2020
          • (2020)Distributed Localization of Wireless Sensor Network Using Communication WheelAlgorithms for Sensor Systems10.1007/978-3-030-62401-9_2(17-31)Online publication date: 9-Sep-2020
          • Show More Cited By

          View Options

          Login options

          Full Access

          View options

          PDF

          View or Download as a PDF file.

          PDF

          eReader

          View online with eReader.

          eReader

          Media

          Figures

          Other

          Tables

          Share

          Share

          Share this Publication link

          Share on social media