[go: up one dir, main page]
More Web Proxy on the site http://driver.im/ skip to main content
10.1145/3025453.3025687acmconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PageschiConference Proceedingsconference-collections
research-article

Subcontracting Microwork

Published: 02 May 2017 Publication History

Abstract

Mainstream crowdwork platforms treat microtasks as indivisible units; however, in this article, we propose that there is value in re-examining this assumption. We argue that crowdwork platforms can improve their value proposition for all stakeholders by supporting subcontracting within microtasks. After describing the value proposition of subcontracting, we then define three models for microtask subcontracting: real-time assistance, task management, and task improvement, and reflect on potential use cases and implementation considerations associated with each. Finally, we describe the outcome of two tasks on Mechanical Turk meant to simulate aspects of subcontracting. We reflect on the implications of these findings for the design of future crowd work platforms that effectively harness the potential of subcontracting workflows.

Supplementary Material

suppl.mov (pn2180p.mp4)
Supplemental video

References

[1]
Bederson, B. B., Quinn A. J. Web workers unite! Addressing challenges of online laborers. Proceedings of CHI 2011
[2]
Belkin, N. J. Helping People Find What They Don't Know. Communications of the ACM, 43(8), August 2000, p. 58--61.
[3]
Berg, J. Income Security in the On-Demand Economy: Findings and Policy Lessons from a Survey of Crowdworkers. Comparative Labor Law & Policy Journal, Vol. 37, No. 3, March 2016.
[4]
Blei, D., Ng., A., and Jordan, M. 2003. Latent Dirichlet Allocation. The Journal of Machine Learning Research, 3, 993--1022.
[5]
Brady, E., Morris, M. R., and Bigham, J. P. Gauging Receptiveness to Social Microvolunteering. Proceedings of CHI 201
[6]
Brewer, R., Morris, M. R., and Piper, A. M. "Why would anybody do this?": Older Adults' Understanding of and Experiences with Crowdwork. Proceedings of CHI 201
[7]
Callison-Burch, C. Crowd-Workers: Aggregating Information Across Turkers To Help Them Find Higher Paying Work. HCOMP 2014 Extended Abstracts.
[8]
Callison-Burch, C. Fast, cheap, and creative: evaluating translation quality using Amazon's Mechanical Turk. Proceedings of EMNLP 2009.
[9]
Chilana, P. K., Ko, A. J., and Wobbrock, J. O. LemonAid: Selection-Based Crowdsourced Contextual Help for Web Applications. Proceedings of CHI 2012.
[10]
Clery, D. Galaxy Zoo Volunteers Share Pain and Glory of Research. Science, July 2011.
[11]
Cooper, S., Khatib, F., Treuille, A., Barbero, J., Lee, J., Beenen, M., Leaver-Fay, A., Baker, D., Popovic, Z., and Foldit Players. Predicting Structures with a Multiplayer Online Game. Nature (2010).
[12]
Dow, S. P., Kulkarni, A., Klemmer, S. R., and Hartmann, B. Shepherding the Crowd Yields Better Work. Proceedings of CSCW 20
[13]
Dynamo Wiki. "Fair Payment". Retrieved December 12, 2016 at http://wiki.wearedynamo.org/index.php?title=Fair_payment
[14]
Flanagan, J. The critical incident technique. Psychological Bulletin, 51:327--358, 1954.
[15]
Gray, M. L., Suri, S., Ali, S. S., Kulkarni, D. The Crowd is a Collaborative Network. Proceedings of CSCW 2016.
[16]
Hanrahan, B. V., Willamowski, J. K., Swaminathan, S., and Martin, D. B. TurkBench: Rendering the Market for Turkers. Proceedings of CHI 2015.
[17]
Ipeirotis, P. G. Analyzing the Amazon Mechanical Turk Marketplace. ACM Crossroads, 17(2), Winter 2010, p. 16--21.
[18]
Irani, L. and Silberman, M. S. Turkopticon: Interrupting Worker Invisibility in Amazon Mechanical Turk. Proceedings of CHI 2013.
[19]
Kittur, A., Khamkar, S., André, P., and Kraut, R. CrowdWeaver: Visually Managing Complex Crowd Work. Proceedings of CSCW 2012.
[20]
Kittur, A., Nickerson, J. V., Bernstein, M., Gerber, E., Shaw, A., Zimmerman, J., Lease, M., and Horton, J. The Future of Crowd Work. Proceedings of CSCW 2013.
[21]
Kobayashi, M., Ishihara, T., and Itoko, T. Age-Based Task Specialization for Crowdsourced Proofreading. Proceedings of HCII 2013.
[22]
Kulkarni, A., Can, M., and Hartmann, B. Collaboratively Crowdsourcing Workflows with Turkomatic. Proceedings of CSCW 2012.
[23]
Lakhani, K. R. and von Hippel, E. How Open Source Software Works: "Free" User-to-User Assistance. Research Policy, 32, 2003, p. 923--943.
[24]
Lasecki, W. S., Murray, K. I., White, S., Miller, R. C., and Bigham, J. P. Real-Time Crowd Control of Existing Interfaces. Proceedings of UIST 2011.
[25]
Luther, K. Fiesler, C., and Bruckman, A. Redistributing Leadership in Online Creative Collaboration. Proceedings of CSCW 2013.
[26]
Luther, K., Tolentino, J., Wu, W., Pavel, A., Agrawala, M., Bailey, B., Hartmann, B., and Dow, S. Structuring, Aggregating, and Evaluating Crowdsourced Design Critique. Proceedings of CSCW 2015.
[27]
Martin, D., Hanrahan, B. V., O'Neill, J., and Gupta, N. Being a Turker. Proceedings of CSCW 2014.
[28]
McInnis, B., Cosley, D., Nam, C., and Leshed, G. Taking a HIT: Designing around Rejection, Mistrust, Risk, and Workers' Experiences in Amazon Mechanical Turk. Proceedings of CHI 2016.
[29]
Morris, M. R., Teevan, J., and Panovich, K. What Do People Ask Their Social Networks, and Why? A Survey Study of Status Message Q&A Behavior. Proceedings of CHI 2010.
[30]
Papoutsaki, A., Guo, H., Metaxa-Kakavouli, D., Gramazio, C., Rasley, J., Xie, W., Wang, G., and Huang, J. Crowdsourcing from Scratch: A Pragmatic Experiment in Data Collection by Novice Requesters. Proceedings of HCOMP 2015.
[31]
Plante, C. Doritos and the Decade-Long Scame for Free Super Bowl Commercials. The Verge, Feb 3., 2016.
[32]
Rzeszotarski, J. and Kittur, A. CrowdScape: Interactively Visualizing User Behavior and Output. Proceedings of UIST 2012.
[33]
Singh, V., Twidale, M. B., Rathi D. Open Source Technical Support: A Look at Peer Help-Giving. Proceedings of HICSS 2006.
[34]
Stanford Crowd Research Collective. Daemo: A Self-Governed Crowdsourcing Marketplace. UIST 2015 Extended Abstracts.
[35]
Suzuki, R., Salehi, N., Lam, M. S., Marroquin, J. C., and Bernstein, M. S. Atelier: Repurposing Expert Crowdsourcing Tasks as Micro-internships. Proceedings of CHI 2016.
[36]
United Nations. Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. December 2006.
[37]
Vakharia, D. and Lease, M. Beyond Mechanical Turk: An Analysis of Paid Crowd Work Platforms. Proceedings of iConference 2015.
[38]
Whiting, M. et al. Crowd Guilds: Worker-led Reputation and Feedback on Crowdsourcing Platforms. Proceedings of CSCW 2017.
[39]
Zyskowski, K., Morris, M. R., Bigham, J. P., Gray, M. L., and Kane, S. Accessible Crowdwork? Understanding the Value in and Challenge of Microtask Employment for People with Disabilities. Proceedings of CSCW 2015.

Cited By

View all
  • (2023)Interface Design for Crowdsourcing Hierarchical Multi-Label Text AnnotationsProceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3544548.3581431(1-17)Online publication date: 19-Apr-2023
  • (2022)A Research on Freelancers as Digital Advertising Practitionersİletişim Kuram ve Araştırma Dergisi10.47998/ikad.1114445Online publication date: 14-Jun-2022
  • (2022)Building the SHAKTI microprocessorCommunications of the ACM10.1145/355663265:11(48-51)Online publication date: 20-Oct-2022
  • Show More Cited By

Recommendations

Comments

Please enable JavaScript to view thecomments powered by Disqus.

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Conferences
CHI '17: Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
May 2017
7138 pages
ISBN:9781450346559
DOI:10.1145/3025453
Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than the author(s) must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected].

Sponsors

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 02 May 2017

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Check for updates

Author Tags

  1. crowdsourcing
  2. human computation
  3. microwork
  4. subcontracting
  5. task design
  6. task selection

Qualifiers

  • Research-article

Conference

CHI '17
Sponsor:

Acceptance Rates

CHI '17 Paper Acceptance Rate 600 of 2,400 submissions, 25%;
Overall Acceptance Rate 6,199 of 26,314 submissions, 24%

Upcoming Conference

CHI 2025
ACM CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
April 26 - May 1, 2025
Yokohama , Japan

Contributors

Other Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

  • Downloads (Last 12 months)79
  • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)1
Reflects downloads up to 31 Dec 2024

Other Metrics

Citations

Cited By

View all
  • (2023)Interface Design for Crowdsourcing Hierarchical Multi-Label Text AnnotationsProceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3544548.3581431(1-17)Online publication date: 19-Apr-2023
  • (2022)A Research on Freelancers as Digital Advertising Practitionersİletişim Kuram ve Araştırma Dergisi10.47998/ikad.1114445Online publication date: 14-Jun-2022
  • (2022)Building the SHAKTI microprocessorCommunications of the ACM10.1145/355663265:11(48-51)Online publication date: 20-Oct-2022
  • (2022)Understanding the Microtask Crowdsourcing Experience for Workers with Disabilities: A Comparative ViewProceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction10.1145/35551376:CSCW2(1-30)Online publication date: 11-Nov-2022
  • (2022)Cybersecurity in IndiaCommunications of the ACM10.1145/355491065:11(98-102)Online publication date: 20-Oct-2022
  • (2022)Impactful research and tooling for program correctnessCommunications of the ACM10.1145/355166565:11(52-53)Online publication date: 20-Oct-2022
  • (2022)Computing and assistive technology solutions for the visually impairedCommunications of the ACM10.1145/355163465:11(44-47)Online publication date: 20-Oct-2022
  • (2022)Theory research in IndiaCommunications of the ACM10.1145/355049665:11(88-93)Online publication date: 20-Oct-2022
  • (2022)Toward explainable deep learningCommunications of the ACM10.1145/355049165:11(68-69)Online publication date: 20-Oct-2022
  • (2022)PrutorCommunications of the ACM10.1145/355048165:11(62-64)Online publication date: 20-Oct-2022
  • Show More Cited By

View Options

Login options

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

PDF

eReader

View online with eReader.

eReader

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Share this Publication link

Share on social media