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Sender-intended functions of emojis in US messaging

Published: 06 September 2016 Publication History

Abstract

Emojis are an extremely common occurrence in mobile communications, but their meaning is open to interpretation. We investigate motivations for their usage in mobile messaging in the US. This study asked 228 participants for the last time that they used one or more emojis in a conversational message, and collected that message, along with a description of the emojis' intended meaning and function. We discuss functional distinctions between: adding additional emotional or situational meaning, adjusting tone, making a message more engaging to the recipient, conversation management, and relationship maintenance. We discuss lexical placement within messages, as well as social practices. We show that the social and linguistic function of emojis are complex and varied, and that supporting emojis can facilitate important conversational functions.

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Eli Dresner and Susan C. Herring. 2010. Functions of the nonverbal in CMC: Emoticons and illocutionary force. Communication theory 20, 3 (2010), 249--268.
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    cover image ACM Conferences
    MobileHCI '16: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services
    September 2016
    567 pages
    ISBN:9781450344081
    DOI:10.1145/2935334
    Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than the author(s) must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected].

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    Publication History

    Published: 06 September 2016

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    Author Tags

    1. emojis
    2. messaging
    3. mobile

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    View all
    • (2024)Unpacking translanguaging in refusals on Chinese social media: strategies, distribution, and functionsMultilingua10.1515/multi-2023-007143:4(487-524)Online publication date: 16-Apr-2024
    • (2024)Exploring Patient-Generated Annotations to Digital Clinical Symptom Measures for Patient-Centered CommunicationProceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction10.1145/36869978:CSCW2(1-26)Online publication date: 8-Nov-2024
    • (2024)Emotion Sonification As Opportunity For Inclusive Texting: Replacing Emoji With Vocal Bursts And Prosodic VoicesProceedings of the 13th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction10.1145/3679318.3685403(1-14)Online publication date: 13-Oct-2024
    • (2024)Understanding the Relationship Between Social Identity and Self-Expression Through Animated Gifs on Social MediaProceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction10.1145/36410318:CSCW1(1-30)Online publication date: 26-Apr-2024
    • (2024)Party Face Congratulations! Exploring Design Ideas to Help Sighted Users with Emoji Accessibility when Messaging with Screen Reader UsersProceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction10.1145/36410148:CSCW1(1-31)Online publication date: 26-Apr-2024
    • (2024)EmojiChat: Toward Designing Emoji-Driven Social Interaction in VR MuseumsInternational Journal of Human–Computer Interaction10.1080/10447318.2024.2387902(1-17)Online publication date: 16-Aug-2024
    • (2024)Emojis and affective priming in visual word recognitionCognition and Emotion10.1080/02699931.2024.2402492(1-15)Online publication date: 6-Oct-2024
    • (2024)Emoji and illocutionarityStructures in Discourse10.1075/pbns.345.07her(124-155)Online publication date: 19-Jul-2024
    • (2024)Women Empowered Through Grey Hair: Analysis of Self-Presentation on Instagram ProfilesEvaluating Identities Online10.1007/978-3-031-62320-2_6(157-185)Online publication date: 19-Sep-2024
    • (2024)EMOtivo: A Classifier for Emotion Detection of Italian Texts Trained on a Self-Labelled CorpusNew Frontiers in Textual Data Analysis10.1007/978-3-031-55917-4_3(29-40)Online publication date: 24-Sep-2024
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