[go: up one dir, main page]
More Web Proxy on the site http://driver.im/ skip to main content
10.1145/2744769.2744901acmconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PagesdacConference Proceedingsconference-collections
research-article

Resource usage templates and signatures for COTS multicore processors

Published: 07 June 2015 Publication History

Abstract

Upper bounding the execution time of tasks running on multicore processors is a hard challenge. This is especially so with commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) hardware that conceals its internal operation. The main difficulty stems from the contention effects on access to hardware shared resources (e.g., buses) which cause task's timing behavior to depend on the load that co-runner tasks place on them. This dependence reduces time composability and constrains incremental verification. In this paper we introduce the concepts of resource-usage signatures and templates, to abstract the potential contention caused and incurred by tasks running on a multicore. We propose an approach that employs resource-usage signatures and templates to enable the analysis of individual tasks largely in isolation, with low integration costs, producing execution time estimates per task that are easily composable throughout the whole system integration process. We evaluate the proposal on a 4-core NGMP-like multicore architecture.

References

[1]
NGMP Preliminary Datasheet Version 2.1, May 2013.
[2]
A. Schranzhofer et al. Timing analysis for TDMA arbitration in resource sharing systems. In RTAS, 2010.
[3]
Aeroflex Gaisler. LEON4-N2X Data Sheet and User's Manual, 2013.
[4]
J. Bin et al. Using monitors to predict co-running safety-critical har real-time benchmark behavior. In ICITES, 2014.
[5]
S. Chattopadhyay et al. A unified WCET analysis framework for multicore platforms. ACM Trans. Embed. Comput. Syst., 13(4), Apr. 2014.
[6]
W. David et al. DRAMsim: a memory system simulator. SIGARCH Comput. Archit. News, 2005.
[7]
G. Fernandez et al. Contention in multicore hardware shared. resources: Understanding of the state of the art. In WCET Workshop, 2014.
[8]
G. Fernandez et al. Increasing confidence on measurement-based contention bounds for real-time round-robin buses. In DAC, 2015.
[9]
G. Fernandez et al. Introduction to partial time composability for COTS multicores. In SAC, 2015.
[10]
G. Fernandez et al. Seeking time-composable partitions of tasks for COTS multicore processors. In ISORC, 2015.
[11]
M. Fernández et al. Assessing the suitability of the NGMP multi-core processor in the space domain. EMSOFT, 2012.
[12]
K. Hyoseung et al. Bounding memory interference delay in COTS-based multi-core systems. In RTAS, 2014.
[13]
A. Jung and P.-E. Crouzet. The h2rg infrared detector: introduction and results of data processing on different platforms. 2012.
[14]
T. Kelter et al. Bus-aware multicore WCET analysis through TDMA offset bounds. Real-Time Systems, Euromicro Conference on, 2011.
[15]
Kingston. KVR667D2S5/2G Datasheet, 2011.
[16]
T. Lundqvist and P. Stenstrom. Timing anomalies in dynamically scheduled microprocessors. In Real-Time Systems Symposium, 1999.
[17]
J. Nowotsch et al. Leveraging multi-core computing architectures in avionics. In EDCC, pages 132--143. IEEE, 2012.
[18]
J. Nowotsch et al. Multi-core interference-sensitive WCET analysis leveraging runtime resource capacity enforcement. In ECRTS, 2014.
[19]
M. Paolieri et al. Hardware support for WCET analysis of hard real-time multicore systems. In ISCA, 2009.
[20]
R. Pellizzoni et al. Worst case delay analysis for memory interference in multicore systems. In DATE, 2010.
[21]
J. Poovey. Characterization of the EEMBC Benchmark Suite. North Carolina State University, 2007.
[22]
P. Radojković et al. On the evaluation of the impact of shared resources in multithreaded COTS processors in time-critical environments. ACM TACO, 2012.
[23]
RapiTime. www.rapitasystems.com.
[24]
S. Schliecker et al. Bounding the shared resource load for the performance analysis of multiprocessor systems. In DATE, 2010.
[25]
H. Shah et al. Measurement based WCET analysis for multi-core architectures. RTNS, 2014.

Cited By

View all
  • (2023)Towards a Contract-Based Definition of Update-Compatibility – Modelling Safety Integration Criteria2023 IEEE 26th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)10.1109/ITSC57777.2023.10422590(710-717)Online publication date: 24-Sep-2023
  • (2018)Modelling multicore contention on the AURIX TC27xProceedings of the 55th Annual Design Automation Conference10.1145/3195970.3196077(1-6)Online publication date: 24-Jun-2018
  • (2018)High-Integrity Performance Monitoring Units in Automotive Chips for Reliable Timing V&VIEEE Micro10.1109/MM.2018.11213023538:1(56-65)Online publication date: Jan-2018
  • Show More Cited By

Index Terms

  1. Resource usage templates and signatures for COTS multicore processors

        Recommendations

        Comments

        Please enable JavaScript to view thecomments powered by Disqus.

        Information & Contributors

        Information

        Published In

        cover image ACM Conferences
        DAC '15: Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Design Automation Conference
        June 2015
        1204 pages
        ISBN:9781450335201
        DOI:10.1145/2744769
        Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

        Sponsors

        Publisher

        Association for Computing Machinery

        New York, NY, United States

        Publication History

        Published: 07 June 2015

        Permissions

        Request permissions for this article.

        Check for updates

        Qualifiers

        • Research-article

        Funding Sources

        Conference

        DAC '15
        Sponsor:
        DAC '15: The 52nd Annual Design Automation Conference 2015
        June 7 - 11, 2015
        California, San Francisco

        Acceptance Rates

        Overall Acceptance Rate 1,770 of 5,499 submissions, 32%

        Upcoming Conference

        DAC '25
        62nd ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference
        June 22 - 26, 2025
        San Francisco , CA , USA

        Contributors

        Other Metrics

        Bibliometrics & Citations

        Bibliometrics

        Article Metrics

        • Downloads (Last 12 months)1
        • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)0
        Reflects downloads up to 27 Dec 2024

        Other Metrics

        Citations

        Cited By

        View all
        • (2023)Towards a Contract-Based Definition of Update-Compatibility – Modelling Safety Integration Criteria2023 IEEE 26th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)10.1109/ITSC57777.2023.10422590(710-717)Online publication date: 24-Sep-2023
        • (2018)Modelling multicore contention on the AURIX TC27xProceedings of the 55th Annual Design Automation Conference10.1145/3195970.3196077(1-6)Online publication date: 24-Jun-2018
        • (2018)High-Integrity Performance Monitoring Units in Automotive Chips for Reliable Timing V&VIEEE Micro10.1109/MM.2018.11213023538:1(56-65)Online publication date: Jan-2018
        • (2017)On the tailoring of CAST-32A certification guidance to real COTS multicore architectures2017 12th IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Embedded Systems (SIES)10.1109/SIES.2017.7993376(1-8)Online publication date: Jun-2017
        • (2017)Harsh computing in the space domainRugged Embedded Systems10.1016/B978-0-12-802459-1.00009-9(267-293)Online publication date: 2017
        • (2017)MC2: Multicore and Cache Analysis via Deterministic and Probabilistic Jitter BoundingReliable Software Technologies – Ada-Europe 201710.1007/978-3-319-60588-3_7(102-118)Online publication date: 30-May-2017
        • (2016)An automated framework for the timing analysis of applications for an automotive multicore processor2016 IEEE 21st International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA)10.1109/ETFA.2016.7733570(1-8)Online publication date: Sep-2016
        • (2015)Methodologies for the WCET Analysis of Parallel Applications on Many-Core ArchitecturesProceedings of the 2015 Euromicro Conference on Digital System Design10.1109/DSD.2015.105(748-755)Online publication date: 26-Aug-2015

        View Options

        Login options

        View options

        PDF

        View or Download as a PDF file.

        PDF

        eReader

        View online with eReader.

        eReader

        Media

        Figures

        Other

        Tables

        Share

        Share

        Share this Publication link

        Share on social media