[go: up one dir, main page]
More Web Proxy on the site http://driver.im/ skip to main content
10.1145/2652524.2652545acmconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PagesesemConference Proceedingsconference-collections
research-article

Motivated software engineers are engaged and focused, while satisfied ones are happy

Published: 18 September 2014 Publication History

Abstract

Context -- Motivation and job satisfaction are not the same thing, and although business organization research recognized this a long time ago, in Software Engineering research, we have not. As a result, thirty years of research on motivation in software engineering has produced knowledge on what makes software engineers generally happier, but not about how to increase their motivation. Goal -- In this article, we aim to identify visible signs of a software engineer who is motivated to work. Method -- We describe a field study in which 62 practitioners in Brazil reported their view of "motivation" in the context of their practical work. Data was collected by means of audio-recorded semi-structured interviews, and a thematic analysis was applied to identify the most relevant descriptors of motivation. Results -- Our data reveal that (1) motivated Software Engineers are engaged, focused, and collaborative; and (2) the term "motivation" is used as an umbrella term to cover several distinct organizational behaviours that are not necessarily related to the individual's desire to work. Conclusions -- Without a clear picture of the difference between these two concepts, work-based motivation programs may not be designed effectively to address either turnover or performance issues. Overall, this work indicates the need for a more effective conceptual system to investigate and encourage both job satisfaction and work motivation in software engineering research and practice.

References

[1]
Beecham, S., Badoo, N., Hall, T., Robinson, H., and Sharp, H., 2007. Motivation in Software Engineering: A systematic literature review, Information and Software Technology, 50, 860--878.
[2]
França, A. C. C., Gouveia, T. B., Santos, P. C. F., Santana, C. A., and da Silva, F. Q. B., 2011. Motivation in Software Engineering - A Systematic Review Update., In: 15th International Conference on Evaluation and Assessment in Software Engineering EASE.
[3]
Sharp, H., Badoo, N., Beecham, S., Hall, T., and Robinson, H., 2008. Models of motivation in software engineering, Information and Software Technology.
[4]
França, A. C. C., Felix, A. L., and da Silva, F. Q. B., 2012. Towards an Explanatory Theory of Motivation in Software Engineering: A Qualitative Case Study of a Government Organization, In: International Conference on Evaluation & Assessment in Software Engineering (EASE).
[5]
França, A. C. C., Carneiro, D. E. S., and da Silva, F. Q. B., 2012. Towards an Explanatory Theory of Motivation in Software Engineering: A Qualitative Case Study of a Small Software Company, In: Proceedings of the Brazilian Symposium of Software Engineering (SBES).
[6]
França, A. C. C., Araújo, A. C., and Silva, F. Q. B., 2013. Motivation of Software Engineers: A Qualitative Case Study of a Research and Development Organisation, In: Proceedings of 6th International Workshop on Cooperative and Human Aspects of Software Engineering (CHASE).
[7]
França, A. C. C., da Silva, F. Q. B., Felix, A. L., and Carneiro, D. E., 2013. Motivation in Software Engineering Industrial Practice: A Cross-Case Analysis of Two Software Organisations, Information and Software Technology, Available online.
[8]
Locke, E. A., and Latham, G., 1990. WORK MOTIVATION AND SATISFACTION: Light at the End of the Tunnel, Psychological Science, 240--246.
[9]
Judge, T., Thoresen, C., Bono, J., and Patton, G., 2001. The job satisfaction-job performance relationship: a qualitative and quantitative review, Psychological bulletin, 127, 3, 376--407.
[10]
Boselie, P., Dietz, G., and Boon, C., 2005. Commonalities and contradictions in HRM and performance research, Human Resource Management Journal, 15, 3, 67--94.
[11]
Hackman, J. R., and Oldham, G. R., 1976. Motivation through the design of work: test of a theory, Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 250--279.
[12]
Latham, G., and Ernst, T., 2006. Keys to motivating tomorrow's workforce, Human Resource Management Review, 16, 2, 181--198.
[13]
Amabile, T. M., and Kramer, S., 2011. The progress principle: using small wins to ignite Joy, Engagement, and Creativity at work, Boston: Harvard Business School Publishing.
[14]
Locke, E. A., 1969. What is job satisfaction?, Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 309--336 (1969).
[15]
Golembiewski, R. T., 2000. Handbook of Organizational Behavior, 2 ed., New York: Marcel Dekker Inc.
[16]
Weiss, H. M., 2002. Deconstructing job satisfaction: Separating evaluations, beliefs and affective experiences, Human Resource Management Review, 12, 173--194.
[17]
Locke, E. A., 1976. The nature and causes of job satisfaction, in Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Chicago, Rand McNally, 1297--1349.
[18]
Ambrose, M. L., and Kulik, C. T., 1999. Old Friends, New Faces: Motivation Research in the 1990s, Journal of Management, 25, 3, 231--292.
[19]
Oldham, G. R., and Hackman, J. R., 2005. How Job Characteristics Theory Happened, in The Oxford handbook of management theory: The process of theory development, Smith, K. G. and Hitt, M. A., Eds., Oxford, Oxford University Press, 151--170.
[20]
Hall, T., Badoo, N., Beecham, S., Robinson, H., and Sharp, H., 2009. A systematic review of Theory use in studies investigating the motivations of software engineers., ACM Trans. Soft. Eng. Methodol., 18, 3.
[21]
Maslow, A., 1954. Motivation and Personality.
[22]
Herzberg, F., 1964. One More Time: How Do You Motivate Employees?, Harvard Business Review.
[23]
Vroom, V. H., 1964. Work and Motivation, New York: Wiley.
[24]
Locke, E. A., 1968. Toward a Theory of Task Motivation and Incentives, Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 3, 157--189.
[25]
R. Hackman, J., Oldham, G., Janson, R., and Purdy, K., 1975. A New Strategy for Job Enrichment, California Management Review, 57--71.
[26]
S. Cruzes, D., and Dybå, T., 2011. Research synthesis in software engineering: A tertiary study, Information and Software Technology, 53, 5, 440--455.
[27]
Sach, R., Sharp, H., and Petre, M., 2010. Continued involvement in software development: motivational factors, In: Proceedings of Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement (ESEM).
[28]
Korunka, C., Hoonaker, P., and Carayon, P., 2008. Quality of working life and turnover intention in information technology work, Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service Industries, 18, 4, 409--423.
[29]
Potter, L. E., von Hellens, L. A., and Nielsen, S. H., 2009. Childhood interest in IT and the choice of IT as a career: the experiences of a group of IT, In: Proceedings of ACM Annual Conference of the Special Interest Group Management Information Systems and Computer Personnel Research (SIGCPR).
[30]
Benbya, H., and Belbaly, N., 2010. Understanding Developers' Motives in Open Source Projects: A Multi-Theoretical Framework, Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 27, 30.
[31]
Hilkert, D., Benlian, A., and Hess, T., 2010. Motivational Drivers to Develop Apps for Social Software-Platforms: The Example of Facebook, In: Proceedings of American Conference on Information Systems.
[32]
Wang, Y., 2009. What motivate software engineers to refactor source code? Evidences from professional developers, In: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance, (ICSM).
[33]
Jørgensen, N., 2007. Developer autonomy in the FreeBSD open source project, Journal of Management and Governance, 11, 2, 119--128.
[34]
Beecham, S., Sharp, H., Badoo, N., Hall, T., and Robinson, H., 2007. Does the XP environment meet the motivational needs of the software developer? An empirical study, In: AGILE 2007.
[35]
da Silva, F. Q. B., and França, A. C. C., 2012. Towards understanding the underlying structure of motivational factors for software engineers to guide the definition of motivational programs, Journal of Systems and Software (JSS), 85, 2, 216--226.
[36]
Corbin, J., and Strauss, A., 2008. Basics of Qualitative Research: Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory, 3rd ed., Sage Publications.
[37]
Noblit, G. W., and Hare, R. D., 1988. Meta-Ethnography: Synthesizing Qualitative Studies (Qualitative Research Methods), Sage Publications, Inc.
[38]
Cruzes, D. S., and Dybå, T., 2011. Recommended Steps for Thematic Synthesis in Software Engineering, In: International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement (ESEM).
[39]
Maslow, A. H., 1943. Preface to motivation theory, Psychosomatic Medicine, 85--92.
[40]
Schwartz, S. H. (1999). A Theory of Cultural Values and Some Implications for Work, Applied psychology: an international review, 48(1).

Cited By

View all
  • (2024)Gamifying a Software Testing Course with Continuous IntegrationProceedings of the 46th International Conference on Software Engineering: Software Engineering Education and Training10.1145/3639474.3640054(34-45)Online publication date: 14-Apr-2024
  • (2024)Improving Testing Behavior by Gamifying IntelliJProceedings of the IEEE/ACM 46th International Conference on Software Engineering10.1145/3597503.3623339(1-13)Online publication date: 20-May-2024
  • (2024)Developer Thriving: Four Sociocognitive Factors That Create Resilient Productivity on Software TeamsIEEE Software10.1109/MS.2024.338295741:4(68-77)Online publication date: 3-Apr-2024
  • Show More Cited By

Index Terms

  1. Motivated software engineers are engaged and focused, while satisfied ones are happy

    Recommendations

    Comments

    Please enable JavaScript to view thecomments powered by Disqus.

    Information & Contributors

    Information

    Published In

    cover image ACM Conferences
    ESEM '14: Proceedings of the 8th ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement
    September 2014
    461 pages
    ISBN:9781450327749
    DOI:10.1145/2652524
    Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

    Sponsors

    Publisher

    Association for Computing Machinery

    New York, NY, United States

    Publication History

    Published: 18 September 2014

    Permissions

    Request permissions for this article.

    Check for updates

    Author Tags

    1. job satisfaction
    2. software engineers
    3. work motivation

    Qualifiers

    • Research-article

    Funding Sources

    Conference

    ESEM '14
    Sponsor:

    Acceptance Rates

    ESEM '14 Paper Acceptance Rate 23 of 123 submissions, 19%;
    Overall Acceptance Rate 130 of 594 submissions, 22%

    Contributors

    Other Metrics

    Bibliometrics & Citations

    Bibliometrics

    Article Metrics

    • Downloads (Last 12 months)20
    • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)3
    Reflects downloads up to 21 Dec 2024

    Other Metrics

    Citations

    Cited By

    View all
    • (2024)Gamifying a Software Testing Course with Continuous IntegrationProceedings of the 46th International Conference on Software Engineering: Software Engineering Education and Training10.1145/3639474.3640054(34-45)Online publication date: 14-Apr-2024
    • (2024)Improving Testing Behavior by Gamifying IntelliJProceedings of the IEEE/ACM 46th International Conference on Software Engineering10.1145/3597503.3623339(1-13)Online publication date: 20-May-2024
    • (2024)Developer Thriving: Four Sociocognitive Factors That Create Resilient Productivity on Software TeamsIEEE Software10.1109/MS.2024.338295741:4(68-77)Online publication date: 3-Apr-2024
    • (2024)The impact of personality traits and cultural values on coordination effectiveness: A study of software development teams effectivenessJournal of Software: Evolution and Process10.1002/smr.2652Online publication date: 4-Feb-2024
    • (2023)Understanding Self-Efficacy in Software Engineering Industry: An Interview studyProceedings of the 27th International Conference on Evaluation and Assessment in Software Engineering10.1145/3593434.3593467(101-110)Online publication date: 14-Jun-2023
    • (2022)A characterization study of testing contributors and their contributions in open source projects.Proceedings of the XXXVI Brazilian Symposium on Software Engineering10.1145/3555228.3555244(95-105)Online publication date: 5-Oct-2022
    • (2022)The Influence of Human Aspects on Requirements Engineering-related Activities: Software Practitioners’ PerspectiveACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology10.1145/354694332:5(1-37)Online publication date: 6-Jul-2022
    • (2022)Community, Time, and (Con)text: A Dynamical Systems Analysis of Online Communication and Community Health among Open‐Source Software CommunitiesCognitive Science10.1111/cogs.1313446:5Online publication date: 17-May-2022
    • (2022)The Effects of Human Aspects on the Requirements Engineering Process: A Systematic Literature ReviewIEEE Transactions on Software Engineering10.1109/TSE.2021.305189848:6(2105-2127)Online publication date: 1-Jun-2022
    • (2022)Human Aspects in Software Development: A Systematic Mapping StudyCollaboration Technologies and Social Computing10.1007/978-3-031-20218-6_1(1-22)Online publication date: 23-Oct-2022
    • Show More Cited By

    View Options

    Login options

    View options

    PDF

    View or Download as a PDF file.

    PDF

    eReader

    View online with eReader.

    eReader

    Media

    Figures

    Other

    Tables

    Share

    Share

    Share this Publication link

    Share on social media