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Analyzing functional, technical and bibliometric trends of blockchain applications in education: A systematic review

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Abstract

In an educational ecosystem, accurate and complete management of student’s records is a complex and error-prone process. Blockchain is a promising solution to add substantial value around enhanced efficiency, privacy protection, technological advancement, access control, and secure exchange of student course records. This work presents a systematic literature review to analyze the applications of blockchain technology in the educational domain addressing the gaps identified in the previous reviews. The technical papers published in English were searched by key terms related to blockchain and education on IEEE Xplore, Science Direct, and six other databases. The risk of bias was assessed by considering all the crucial search terms preventing the accidental exclusion of any article. Many blockchain frameworks in the educational domain have been proposed; including some prototypes and implementations. The PRISMA framework was used for the evaluation of 150 distinct models, 124 of which were prototypes, pilots, or full implementation and the remaining 26 were only proposals. This work contributes a structured bibliometric, functional, and technical examination of these articles, assessing privacy, cost, performance, security, architecture, and standards to identify and bridge gaps. The study concludes an avalanche of proposals, with approximately half of them being prototypes, indicating that implementation and proof-of-concept pilots are expected. Blockchain is found to solve various record management issues at significant trade-offs between performance, storage, and cost. However, scalability issues, poor overall performance, and increased price are major limitations for implementing blockchain in education solutions.

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  1. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, 462003, Madhya Pradesh, India

    Ankita Choudhary, Meenu Chawla & Namita Tiwari

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Idea for the article: Ankita Choudhary; Literature search and data analysis: Ankita Choudhary; Writing - original draft preparation: Ankita Choudhary; Writing - review and editing: Ankita Choudhary; Supervision: Meenu Chawla, Namita Tiwari.

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Choudhary, A., Chawla, M. & Tiwari, N. Analyzing functional, technical and bibliometric trends of blockchain applications in education: A systematic review. Multimed Tools Appl (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-024-20303-x

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