[go: up one dir, main page]
More Web Proxy on the site http://driver.im/ Skip to main content
Springer Nature Link
Log in

A new vector map watermarking technique in frequency domain based on LCA-transform

  • Published:
Multimedia Tools and Applications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Two-dimensional vector maps are vulnerable to issues related to copyright owner’s protection, which have an impact on the vector-data usage in different applications. Watermarking schemes are required in order to prevent this type of attack rotation, uniform scaling and translation (RST), invariance property, embedding distortion control and a high level of capacity in their concealment of a digital vector map’s information. This process typically involves transforming an original map and embedding the watermark. In this paper, a new approach to copyright protection for vector maps is proposed using a linear cellular automata (LCA) algorithm. The approach taken is as follows: (1) an original map, which is LCA-transformed, is obtained; (2) the watermark bit insertion process is conducted on the coefficient of the transformation result frequency into the LSB pattern; and (3) the inverse LCA transformation of the map is employed to obtain the watermarked map. Subsequent analysis has found that this approach provides desirable levels of fidelity, invisibility, capacity and computational complexity. It is also resistant to geometric and signal-operations attacks and provides multi-frequency domains for digital watermarking.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
£29.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price includes VAT (United Kingdom)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18
Fig. 19
Fig. 20
Fig. 21

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Abubahia A, Cocea M (2017) Advancements in GIS map copyright protection schemes - a critical review. Multimed Tools Appl 76(10):12205–12231. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-016-3441-z

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Al-ardhi S, Thayananthan V, Basuhail A (2019) Fragile Watermarking based on Linear Cellular Automata using Manhattan Distances for 2D Vector Map. Int J Adv Comput Sci Appl 10(6). https://doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2019.0100651

  3. Al-ardhi S, Thayananthan V, Basuhail A (2020) Copyright protection and content authentication based on linear cellular automata watermarking for 2D vector maps. In: Arai K, Kapoor S (eds) Advances in computer vision: proceedings of the 2019 computer vision conference (CVC) Volume 1. Springer, Cham

    Google Scholar 

  4. Al-haj A, Mohammad AA, Bata L (2011) DWT-based audio watermarking. Int Arab J Inform Technol 8(3):326–333

    Google Scholar 

  5. Bhat V, Sengupta I, Das A (2008) Audio watermarking based on quantization in wavelet domain. In: Sekar R, Pujari AK (eds) Information systems security. Springer, Berlin, pp 235–242

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  6. Cao L, Men C, Ji R (2012) Nonlinear scrambling-based reversible watermarking for 2D-vector maps. Vis Comput 29(3):231–237

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Chang K-T (2012) Introduction to geographic information systems. McGraw-Hill Higher Education, Boston

    Google Scholar 

  8. Dalhoum A, Latif A, Mahafzah BA, Awwad AA, Aldhamari I, Ortega A, Alfonseca M (2012) Digital image scrambling using 2D cellular automata. IEEE Multimed 19(4):28–36

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. del Ray AM, Sanchez GR (2011) Reversibility of linear cellular automata. Appl Math Comput 217(21):8360–8366

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  10. Dhar PK, Kim J-M (2011) Digital watermarking scheme based on fast fourier transformation for audio copyright protection. Int J Secur Appl 5(2):33–48

    Google Scholar 

  11. ESRI (1998) ESRI shapefile technical description: An ESRI White Paper-July 1998. Available at https://www.esri.com/library/whitepapers/pdfs/shapefile.pdf

  12. Gao H, Jia L, Liu M (2013) A digital watermarking algorithm for color image based on DWT. TELKOMNIKA 11(6):3271–3278

    Google Scholar 

  13. Harris U (1999) Windmill Islands 1: 50000 topographic GIS dataset. Australian Antarctic Data Centre-CAASM Metadata. Available at https://data.aad.gov.au/metadata/records/Wind50k

  14. Harris U (2019) Windmill Islands 1: 50000 Topographic GIS Dataset. Australian Antarctic Data Centre-CAASM Metadata. Available at https://data.aad.gov.au/metadata/records/Wind50k

  15. Kim C, Shin D, Leng L, Yang C-N (2018) Separable reversible data hiding in encrypted halftone image. Displays 55:71–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.displa.2018.04.002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Kim C, Shin D, Leng L, Yang C-N (2018) Lossless data hiding for absolute moment block truncation coding using histogram modification. J Real-Time Image Proc 14:101–114. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11554-016-0641-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Leng L, Zhang J, Xu J, Khan K, Alghathbar K (2010) Dynamic weighted discrimination power analysis in DCT domain for face and palmprint recognition. Int J Phys Sci 5:467–471. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTC.2010.5674791

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Leng L, Zhang J, Xu J, Khan MK, Alghathbar K (2010) Dynamic weighted discrimination power analysis in DCT domain for face and palmprint recognition. 2010 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC): 467–471

  19. Leng L, Li M, Kim C, Bi X (2017) Dual-source discrimination power analysis for multi-instance contactless palmprint recognition. Multimed Tools Appl 76:333–354. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-015-3058-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Li J, Cao Q (2014) DSDWA: a DCT based spatial domain digital watermarking algorithm. TELKOMNIKA 12(1):693–702

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Li Y, Ge G (2019) Cryptographic and parallel hash function based on cross coupled map lattices suitable for multimedia communication security. Multimed Tools Appl 78(13):17973–17994. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-018-7122-y

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  22. Li X-W, Kim S-T (2011) Automata transform based invisible digital watermarking in middle domain for gray images. J Inform Commun Converg Eng 9(6):689–694

    Google Scholar 

  23. Li X-W, Kim S-T (2014) An improved cellular automata-based digital image watermarking scheme combining the use of pixel-wise masking and 3D integral imaging. Opt Commun 319:45–55

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Li A, Zhou W, Lin B, Chen Y (2008) Copyright Protection for GIS Vector Data Production. Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment: Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments 7143:71432X

  25. Li A, Lin B, Chen Y, Lü G (2008) Study on copyright authentication of GIS vector data based on Zero-watermarking. Int Arch Photogramm Remote Sens Spat Inf Sci 37(B4):1783–1786

    Google Scholar 

  26. Li X-W, Yun J-S, Cho S-J, Kim S-T (2011) Watermarking based on complemented MLCA and 2D CAT. J Inform Commun Converg Eng 9(2):212–216

    Google Scholar 

  27. Li X-W, Cho S-J, Kim S-T (2012) Computational integral imaging-based 3D digital watermarking scheme using cellular automata transform and maximum length cellular automata. Multidim Syst Sign Process 25(3):405–424

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Li X-W, Cho S-J, Kim S-T (2012) 2-D CAT-based medical image watermarking algorithm. Int J Comput Theory Eng 4(5):722–725

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Li X-W, Cho S-J, Kim S-T (2014) A 3D image encryption technique using computer-generated integral imaging and cellular automata transform. Optik 125(13):2983–2990

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Li X-W, Kim S-T, Wang Q-H (2017) Designing three-dimensional cellular automata based video authentication with an optical integral imaging generated memory-distributed watermark. IEEE Jo Sel Top Signal Process 11(7):1200–1212

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Liang B, Rong J, Wang C (2010) A vector maps watermarking algorithm based on DCT domain. ISPRS Congr 38(3)

  32. Liao X, Qin Z, Ding L (2017) Data embedding in digital images using critical functions. Signal Process Image Commun 58:146–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.image.2017.07.006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Liao X, Yu Y, Li B, Li Z, Qin Z (2019) A new payload partition strategy in color image steganography. IEEE Trans Circ Syst Video Technol 30(3):685–696

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Ling Y, Lin C-F, Zhang Z-Y (2012) A zero-watermarking algorithm for digital map based on DWT domain. In: He X, Hua E, Lin Y, Liu X (eds) Computer, informatics, cybernetics and applications. LNEE 107. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 513–521

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  35. Liu Q (2013) An adaptive blind watermarking algorithm for color image. TELKOMNIKA 11(1):302–309

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Ma C, Zhu YY (2013) A novel self-adaptive discrete wavelet transform digital watermarking algorithm. TELKOMNIKA 11(11):6281–6289

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Madain A, Dalhoum ALA, Hiary H, Ortega A, Alfonseca M (2014) Audio scrambling technique based on cellular automata. Multimed Tools Appl 71(3):1803–1822

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. NASA (n.d.) Global Change Master Directory. Available at http://gcmd.nasa.gov/KeywordSearch/Metadata.do?Portal=amd_au&MetadataView=Full&MetadataType=0&Keyword.

  39. Neyman SN, Pradnyana INP, Sitohang B (2014) A new copyright protection for vector map using FFT-based watermarking. TELKOMNIKA 12(2):367–378

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Piao Y-R, Kim S-T (2009) Robust and secure InIm-based 3D watermarking scheme using cellular automata transform. J Korea Inst Inform Commun Eng 13(9):1767–1778

    Google Scholar 

  41. Sarker MIH, Khan MI, Deb K, Faruque MF (2012) FFT-based audio watermarking method with a gray image for copyright protection. Int J Adv Sci Technol 47:65–76

    Google Scholar 

  42. Shiba R, Kang S, Aoki Y (2004) An image watermarking technique using cellular automata transform. 2004 IEEE Region 10 Conference TENCON 2004., Chiang Mai, 2004 1:303–306

  43. Suryavanshi H, Mishra A, Kumar S (2013) Digital image watermarking in wavelet domain. Int J Electr Comput Eng 3(1):1–6

    Google Scholar 

  44. Tao S, Xu D, Li C, Sun J (2009) Watermarking GIS Data for Digital Map Copyright Protection. Proceedings of the 24th International Cartographic Conferences (ICC):1–9

  45. Tefas A, Giannoula A, Nikolaidis N, Pitas I (2005) Enhanced Transform-Domain Correlation-Based Audio Watermarking. Proceedings (ICASSP ‘05). IEEE Int Conf Acoust Speech Signal Proc 2(2):1049–1052

    Google Scholar 

  46. Wang N, Zhang H (2014) Chaoguang Men a high capacity reversible data hiding method for 2D vector maps based on virtual coordinates. Comput Aided Des 47:108–117

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Wang C, Peng Z, Peng Y, Yu L (2009) Watermarking 2D vector maps on spatial topology domain. Int Conf Multimed Inform Netw Secur 2:71–74

    Google Scholar 

  48. Wu J, Liu Q, Wang J, Gao L (2013) A robust watermarking algorithm for 2d CAD engineering graphics based on DCT and Chaos system. In: Tan Y, Shi Y, Mo H (eds) Advances in swarm intelligence. LNCS 7929. Springer, Berlin, pp 215–223

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  49. Xu Y, Zhang Q, Zhou C (2013) A novel DWT-based watermarking for image with the SIFT. TELKOMNIKA 11(1):191–198

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Zhang Y, Li Y, Wen W, Wu Y, Chen J-X (2015) Deciphering an image cipher based on 3-cell chaotic map and biological operations. Nonlinear Dyn 82:1831–1837. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11071-015-2280-1

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  51. Zhu C-Q, Yang C-S, Wang Q-S (2008) A watermarking algorithm for vector geo-spatial data based on integer wavelet transform. Int Arch Photogramm Remote Sens Spat Inf Sci Beijing 37(B4):15–18

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Computing and Information Technology (FCIT), King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    Saleh AL-ardhi, Vijey Thayananthan & Abdullah Basuhail

Authors
  1. Saleh AL-ardhi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Vijey Thayananthan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Abdullah Basuhail
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Saleh AL-ardhi, Vijey Thayananthan or Abdullah Basuhail.

Additional information

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

AL-ardhi, S., Thayananthan, V. & Basuhail, A. A new vector map watermarking technique in frequency domain based on LCA-transform. Multimed Tools Appl 79, 32361–32387 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-020-09422-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-020-09422-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation