[go: up one dir, main page]
More Web Proxy on the site http://driver.im/ Skip to main content
Springer Nature Link
Log in

Computational integral imaging-based 3D digital watermarking scheme using cellular automata transform and maximum length cellular automata

  • Published:
Multidimensional Systems and Signal Processing Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A novel 3D watermarking algorithm by combining use of computational integral imaging (CII) and cellular automata transform (CAT) is proposed in this paper. In this proposed scheme, first, the original image signal is decomposed into three resolution levels by using the level-3 2D CAT, and meanwhile, the middle-frequency domains are obtained. Then, an elemental images (EIs) array is generated by recording the information of rays of light coming from an object through a pinhole array in the CII system. The EIs array is encrypted by linear maximum-length cellular automata as the encrypted watermark embedded into the CAT middle-frequency domains. Finally, the watermarked image is obtained by using the level-3 2D inverse CAT. To verify the usefulness of the proposed algorithm, we carry out the computational experiments and present the experimental results for various attacks. Experimental results show that this proposed watermarking system provides excellent results in unobtrusiveness and robustness.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
£29.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price includes VAT (United Kingdom)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Explore related subjects

Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.

References

  • Bas P., Chassery J.M., Macq B. (2002) Image watermarking: An evolution to content based approaches. Pattern Recognition 35: 545–561

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Chang T., Song I., Bae J., Kim K. S. (1997) Maximum length cellular automaton sequences and its application. Signal Process 56: 197–201

    Google Scholar 

  • Chang H. T., Tsan C. L. (2005) Image watermarking by use of digital holography embedded in the discrete-cosine-transform domain. Applied Optics 44: 6211–6219

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cho S. J., Choi U. S., Hwang Y. H. (2004) Computing phase shifts of maximum-length 90/150 cellular automata sequences. Proceedings of ACRI 3305: 31–39

    Google Scholar 

  • Choubisa M., Hiran K., Singh S. K. (2011) Permutation based invisible digital watermarking technique using DCT domain. International Journal of Computer Applications 30: 40–44

    Google Scholar 

  • Chu W. C. (2003) DCT-based image watermarking using subsampling. IEEE Transactions on Multimedia 5: 34–38

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hsu C. T., Wu J. L. (1999) Hidden digital watermarks in images. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing 8: 58–68

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hwang M. S., Chang C. C., Hwang K. F. (1999) A watermarking technique based on one-way hash fuction. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics 45: 286–294

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hwang M. S., Chang C. C., Hwang K. F. (2000) Digital watermarking of images using neural networks. Journal of Electronic Imaging 7: 548–555

    Google Scholar 

  • Hwang D. C., Shin D. H., Kim E. S. (2007) A novel three-dimensional watermarking scheme basing on integral imaging. Optics Communications 277: 40–49

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lafe O. E. (2000) Cellular automata transforms: Theory and applications in multimedia compression, encryption, and modeling (multimedia systems and applications). Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Lafe, O. E. (1997). Method and apparatus for data encrypton/decryption using CAT, U.S. Patent, # 5,677,956.

  • Li X. W., Nam T. H., Lee S. K., Kim S. T. (2011) CAT-based digital watermarking algorithm using the low-low frequency domain. IJIPM 2: 54–62

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lippmann G. (1908) La photographers integrale. Academie des Sciences 146: 446–451

    Google Scholar 

  • Mei, J. S., Li, S. K., & Tian, X. M. (2009) A digital watermarking algorithm based on DCT and DWT, WISA’09 (pp.104-107), Nanchang, P. R. China.

  • Piao Y. R., Zhang M., Kim S. T. (2012) Enhanced orthoscopic integral imaging reconstruction using moving pixel mapping. Optics and Lasers Technology 50: 862–868

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shapiro J. M. (1993) Embedded image coding using zerotrees of wavelet coefficients. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 41: 3445–3462

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Shin D. H., Yoo H. (2008) Scale-variant magnification for computational integral imaging and its application to 3D object correlator. Optics Express 16: 8855–8867

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sun J., Liu J. (2007) A novel blind video watermarking scheme based on independent dynamic component. Multidimensional Systems and Signal Processing 18(1): 59–74

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Takai N., Mifune Y. (2002) Digital watermarking by a holographic technique. Applied Optics 41: 865–873

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang Y., Doherty J. F., Van Dyck R. E. (2002) A wavelet-based watermarking algorithm for ownership verfication of digital image watermarking. Journal of Optics Express 11: 77–88

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang X. Y., Hou L. M. (2010) A new robust digital image watermarking based on Pseudo-Zernike moments. Multidimensional Systems and Signal Processing 21(2): 179–196

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Wolfram, S. (1983). Cryptography with cellular automata. In Proceedings of crypto’85, pp. 429–432.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Information and Communications Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea

    Xiao Wei Li & Seok Tae Kim

  2. Department of Applied Mathematics, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea

    Sung Jin Cho

Authors
  1. Xiao Wei Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Sung Jin Cho
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Seok Tae Kim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Seok Tae Kim.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Li, X.W., Cho, S.J. & Kim, S.T. Computational integral imaging-based 3D digital watermarking scheme using cellular automata transform and maximum length cellular automata. Multidim Syst Sign Process 25, 405–424 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11045-012-0203-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11045-012-0203-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation