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Exploring the potential function of trace elements in human health: a therapeutic perspective

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Abstract

A trace element, known as a minor element, is a chemical element whose concentration is very low. They are divided into essential and non-essential classes. Numerous physiological and metabolic processes in both plants and animals require essential trace elements. These essential trace elements are so directly related to the metabolic and physiologic processes of the organism that either their excess or deficiency can result in severe bodily malfunction or, in the worst situations, death. Elements can be found in nature in various forms and are essential for the body to carry out its varied functions. Trace elements are crucial for biological, chemical, and molecular cell activity. Nutritional deficits can lead to weakened immunity, increased susceptibility to oral and systemic infections, delayed physical and mental development, and lower productivity. Trace element enzymes are involved in many biological and chemical processes. These compounds act as co-factors for a number of enzymes and serve as centers for stabilizing the structures of proteins and enzymes, allowing them to mediate crucial biological processes. Some trace elements control vital biological processes by attaching to molecules on the cell membrane’s receptor site or altering the structure of the membrane to prevent specific molecules from entering the cell. Some trace elements are engaged in redox reactions. Trace elements have two purposes. They are required for the regular stability of cellular structures, but when lacking, they might activate alternate routes and induce disorders. Therefore, thoroughly understanding these trace elements is essential for maintaining optimal health and preventing disease.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, 1207, Dhaka, Bangladesh

    Md. Rezaul Islam, Shopnil Akash, Maruf Hossain Jony, Md. Noor alam, Feana Tasmim Nowrin & Md. Mominur Rahman

  2. Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Anbar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

    Abdur Rauf

  3. Department of Applied Bioscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea

    Muthu Thiruvengadam

  4. Department of Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Chennai, 600077, Tamil Nadu, India

    Muthu Thiruvengadam

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Study Design: MRI, SA and AR. Literature review & Drawing figures: MHJ, MN, FTN and MMR. Manuscript Preparation: MT. All authors read and approved the final MS.

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Islam, M.R., Akash, S., Jony, M.H. et al. Exploring the potential function of trace elements in human health: a therapeutic perspective. Mol Cell Biochem 478, 2141–2171 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11010-022-04638-3

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