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Cancer screening, diagnosis and care can benefit greatly from advances in artificial intelligence (AI). In this Comment, Ghassemi and Gusev discuss how AI applications must address and avoid known racial and gender biases to improve health care for all.
In this Tools of the Trade article, Radhika Mathur describes the development of a novel 3D whole-tumour sampling approach for glioblastoma, which can be used to elucidate tumour heterogeneity.
In this Tools of the Trade article, Xinwen Liu describes the development of VIBRANT, a vibrational spectroscopy method for high-content phenotypic profiling, and highlights its use to predict drug mechanisms of action or identify potential drug candidates.
The occurrence of multiple independent tumours in patients with EGFR-mutant lung cancer was unexplained. A recent study in Nature Cancer identified distinct genetic predisposition mechanisms, including developmental mosaicism and germline EGFR variants, that contribute to the formation of multiple primary tumours.
Engel et al. conducted a genetic screen in which they identified the Fanconi anaemia (FA) pathway as a driver of chromothripsis, complex genomic rearrangements and generation of extrachromosomal DNA.
Ageing is a well-accepted risk factor for developing cancer. Yan et al. used a preclinical rat model to study the mechanisms facilitating the age-associated increase in breast tumorigenesis.
In this Review, Rabas et al. describe the mechanisms by which primary tumours precondition distal organs to favour metastatic colonization — a limiting step of metastasis — and discuss how non-cancer-dependent perturbations of tissue homeostasis are also able to trigger pro-metastatic conditioning, emphasizing the need for a holistic view to identify preventive or therapeutic opportunities.
Understanding the early steps of cancer development is crucial for cancer prevention. In this Review, the authors summarize the advantages and limitations of clinical samples, autochthonous mouse models and organoid models, alongside advanced techniques such as direct imaging, lineage tracing and AI, to enhance understanding of early cancer progression.
Multiple myeloma is a plasma cell malignancy that is currently incurable. Cordas dos Santos et al. describe how multiple myeloma arises from precursor states and how T cell-redirecting therapies might be used to intercept disease progression at these earlier stages to improve patient outcomes.
Although splicing factors are altered in cancer through mutations and copy number variations, their exact role remains challenging to define. In this Roadmap, Anczukow, Thomas-Tikhonenko and colleagues explore recent advances in splicing biology and provide guidance on leveraging these insights to facilitate the clinical application of compounds that target or exploit aberrant splicing patterns in cancer.
