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  • Implementation of patient and public involvement and engagement (PPIE) to enable patients and carers to feel included and equal to healthcare professionals is challenging to do well. Here, leaders of a PPIE group share their lived experience and highlight the importance of addressing the needs of all participants to enable true partnership.

    • Rachel Horne
    • Rosemary Phillips
    • Mohammed A. Rauf
    Comment
  • Patient and public involvement and engagement is increasingly mandated in funding applications, yet often remain tokenistic and transitory. Working with patient and public contributors requires investment, thought, care and time. We discuss approaches that aim to increase agency for coresearchers, with the goal of strengthening public confidence and trust in research.

    • Ruth Dobson
    • Charlotte Kenten
    • Claudia Cooper
    Comment
  • In this Review, the authors summarize the genetic and epidemiological characteristics of rare variants associated with Alzheimer disease so far, and explore the insights that these variants have provided into the pathogenic mechanisms of the disease.

    • Lara De Deyn
    • Kristel Sleegers
    Review Article
  • Evidence suggests that anthropogenic climate change is accelerating, with serious consequences for human health. This Perspective explores how the effects of climate change, such as extreme temperatures, altered weather patterns and increased air pollution, interact with the brain, and discusses how neurologists can respond constructively to the climate crisis.

    • Medine I. Gulcebi
    • Sara Leddy
    • Sanjay M. Sisodiya
    Perspective
  • Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) is a treatment option for some forms of multiple sclerosis (MS), but uncertainties remain about its implementation in clinical practice and treatment protocols need to be optimized. This Consensus Statement provides guidance and recommendations for the use of AHSCT in MS and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders.

    • Paolo A. Muraro
    • Alice Mariottini
    • Helene Zephir
    Consensus Statement
  • Dementia is largely excluded from discussion of noncommunicable diseases, which limits its inclusion in health policies and allocation of resources — yet it is already a leading cause of mortality and its effects are set to increase. Alzheimer’s Disease International calls for changes in policies to address the effects of dementia now and in the future.

    • Lewis Arthurton
    • Paola Barbarino
    • Martin Knapp
    Comment
  • Amyloid-related imaging abnormalities are the most impactful adverse effect of anti-amyloid-β immunotherapies. Here, the authors review the detection, underlying mechanisms and clinical implications of amyloid-related imaging abnormalities and highlight the need for further research to predict, prevent and treat the condition.

    • Steven M. Greenberg
    • Francesco Bax
    • Susanne J. van Veluw
    Review Article
  • In this Review, the authors provide a comprehensive overview of the prevalence and impact of various sleep disturbances in children with neurodevelopmental disorders. The authors discuss potential underlying mechanisms of sleep disorders in this population, with clues from genetic disorders, and highlight the complex bidirectional relationship between sleep and neurodevelopment.

    • Oliviero Bruni
    • Maria Breda
    • Raffaele Ferri
    Review Article
  • Katherine Behl is a physician and the mother of a child with alternating hemiplegia of childhood (AHC) — an ultra-rare neurological disease that is exacerbated by temperature changes. Here, she highlights the day-to-day challenges of living with AHC and considers what stakeholders in climate action can learn from people with lived experience of disease.

    • Katherine Behl
    World View
  • The importance of active involvement of people living with diseases in various aspects of medicine, including disease management and follow-up, regulatory issues, health advocacy and clinical research, is increasingly recognized. This Perspective reviews the current status of patient involvement in neurological and other medical research, highlighting the role of patient experts.

    • Maria Teresa Ferretti
    • Maria Bonaria Uccheddu
    • Elena Moro
    Perspective
  • This Review explores several key dysregulated pathways in ALS (RNA processing, proteostasis, metabolism and inflammation) as well as evolving efforts to develop effective therapeutics to restore cellular homeostasis. The authors also detail strategies that are likely to be required to improve clinical studies moving forwards.

    • Kiterie M. E. Faller
    • Helena Chaytow
    • Thomas H. Gillingwater
    Review Article
  • The immune system plays a major part in neurodegenerative diseases. In this Review, Weiner considers the contributions of several components of the immune system in multiple neurodegenerative diseases and their potential as shared therapeutic targets across these diseases.

    • Howard L. Weiner
    Review Article
  • Nature Reviews Neurology is interviewing individuals who are driving efforts to address disparities in neurology through a broad spectrum of diversity, equity and inclusion initiatives. We spoke with neuroimmunologist William L. Conte from the USA about his work to promote inclusive care for LGBTQ+ people with multiple sclerosis.

    • Lisa Kiani
    Q&A
  • Evidence for the effects of sex hormones on inflammation, myelination and neurodegeneration has implications for both cisgender and gender-diverse individuals with multiple sclerosis. Here, the authors summarize what is known about the effects of endogenous and exogenous sex hormones, and they highlight the need for future research inclusive of gender-diverse individuals.

    • Cassie Nesbitt
    • Anneke Van Der Walt
    • Vilija G. Jokubaitis
    Perspective
  • Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is length-dependent peripheral nerve damage that frequently arises as a complication of type 1 or type 2 diabetes, and even prediabetes. This Review highlights the global and regional burden of DPN and explores risk factors, including metabolic factors beyond hyperglycaemia, that could guide treatment and prevention strategies.

    • Masha G. Savelieff
    • Melissa A. Elafros
    • Eva L. Feldman
    Review Article