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  • Review Article
  • Published:

Bioinspired nanotopographical design of drug delivery systems

Nature Reviews Bioengineering volume 1, pages 139–152 (2023)Cite this article

Subjects

Abstract

Effective drug delivery is important in the treatment of various biomedical conditions, ranging from autoimmune disorders to cancer and bacterial infections. Nanostructured systems can help to overcome challenges to efficient drug delivery such as poor drug distribution, inefficient penetration across biological barriers and off-target effects. The bioinspired nanotopography of drug carrier surfaces provides a physical cue to modulate their interaction with biological systems. In this Review, we discuss how naturally occurring nanotopographical systems can inspire the design of biomaterials for drug delivery. We highlight nanoscale surface modifications of drug carriers and fabrication strategies, followed by a discussion about nanotopographical biointerfaces to regulate biological functions. Key bioinspired nanotopographical functionalities include bio-adhesion, barrier remodelling, drug uptake and subcellular trafficking, cellular signalling and modulation, and antimicrobial interfaces. Finally, we provide an outlook on the future of nanotopographical applications in drug delivery, with a focus on key challenges and exciting opportunities from bench to bedside.

Key points

  • Three-dimensional nanotopography is ubiquitous in nature (for example, spiky pollen microparticles and nanopillars on cicada wings), impacting the biointerface of surfaces and biological components.

  • Bioinspired nanotopography can be engineered for every major drug carrier class, including thin films, patches, implants, stents and discrete particle drug carriers.

  • Bioinspired nanotopography can improve bio-adhesion, drug uptake and trafficking, epithelial barrier remodelling, cell signalling, and modulation and can be applied to implement antimicrobial effects.

  • Nanotopographical drug carriers can be applied to treat a variety of diseases and conditions, including diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular disease, fractures, wounds and microbial infections, improving biomedical outcomes in preclinical studies compared to drug delivery approaches without nanotopography.

  • Advances in nanotopographical fabrication, cell–material interface characterization, and in vitro and in vivo disease models will be key to promoting the clinical translation of nanotopographical platforms.

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Fig. 1: Bioinspired nanotopographical materials for drug delivery applications.
Fig. 2: Nanotopographical biointerfaces to increase drug retention and uptake.
Fig. 3: Nanotopography for cellular reprogramming and modulation.
Fig. 4: Antimicrobial nanotopographical interfaces.

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Acknowledgements

J.A.F. was supported by the UCSF HIVE postdoctoral fellowship. X.H. was supported by a UCSF Program for Breakthrough Biomedical Research (PBBR) postdoctoral independent research grant and a Li Foundation fellowship.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA

    Joel A. Finbloom, Cindy Huynh, Xiao Huang & Tejal A. Desai

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J.A.F. and T.A.D. conceived the idea of the Review and developed the outline. J.A.F., C.H. and X.H. surveyed relevant literature and wrote the manuscript. All authors contributed to the discussion, editing and finalizing of the content.

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Correspondence to Tejal A. Desai.

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Competing interests

T.A.D. is a scientific founder of Oculinea, Encellin, VasaRx, and Biothelium and received grant funding from Kimberly Clarke and Roche related to the work described herein. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.

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Finbloom, J.A., Huynh, C., Huang, X. et al. Bioinspired nanotopographical design of drug delivery systems. Nat Rev Bioeng 1, 139–152 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s44222-022-00010-8

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