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Photodynamic Therapy in Dermatology and Oncology: Latest Advances and Prospects
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Photodynamic Therapy in Dermatology and Oncology: Latest Advances and Prospects

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Dermatology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 July 2024) | Viewed by 4361

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Yolanda Gilaberte

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Miguel Servet, IIS Aragón, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
Interests: photoprotection; photodynamic therapy; non-melanoma skin cancer; atopic dermatitis; photodermatology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Tamara Gracia-Cazaña

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Miguel Servet, IIS Aragón, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
Interests: photodynamic therapy; non-melanoma skin cancer; psoriasis; photodermatology
Dr. Marta Mascaraque

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Translational Research Unit, University Hospital Miguel Servet, IIS Aragón, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
Interests: photocarcinogenesis; photodynamic therapy; in vitro and in vivo models; biomarkers; co-adjuvants

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a well-known treatment cancer treatment. It is commonly used to treat non-melanoma skin cancer, although its clinical application in other cancers is limited. In addition, PDT is used off-label in the treatment of many dermatological issues, either for inflammatory conditions, infections or esthetics.

The research in this field is increasing yearly. Better methods of delivery for the photosensitizer, combination with other molecules to enhance efficacy, improved knowledge of biomarkers to predict the response, or the possibility of using PDT to perform diagnosis and therapy at the same time (theragnosis) are some of the many fields of PDT research.

This Special Issue aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in PDT for cancer and for dermatology, with a particular interest in those approaching clinical transfer. Researchers are encouraged to submit their findings in the form of original articles, reviews or brief communications.

Dr. Yolanda Gilaberte
Dr. Tamara Gracia-Cazaña
Dr. Marta Mascaraque
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • photodynamic therapy
  • cancer
  • oncology
  • dermatology
  • skin
  • biomarkers
  • synergistic therapy
  • resistance
  • preclinical and clinical applications
  • cutaneous and mucous infections

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 2134 KiB  
Article
Daylight Photodynamic Therapy: At-Home Delivery
by David Bajek, Andrea Lesar, Carol Goodman, Daniella Levins, Paul O’Mahoney, Marese O’Reilly, Susan Yule, Ewan Eadie and Sally Ibbotson
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(24), 7745; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13247745 - 18 Dec 2024
Viewed by 283
Abstract
This pilot study evaluated the design, usability, and practicality of the dPDT@home kit for treating actinic keratoses (AKs) on the face and scalp. The kit allowed patients to manage their treatment at home, reducing hospital visits and utilizing natural sunlight. While patients were [...] Read more.
This pilot study evaluated the design, usability, and practicality of the dPDT@home kit for treating actinic keratoses (AKs) on the face and scalp. The kit allowed patients to manage their treatment at home, reducing hospital visits and utilizing natural sunlight. While patients were very willing to use the kit again, further studies are required to evaluate outcomes and ascertain the need for additional improvements and support. Background/Objectives: Daylight photodynamic therapy (dPDT) is an established effective therapy for superficial mild-to-moderate actinic keratoses (AKs) on the face and scalp. In this project, we redesigned the delivery of dPDT using design principles and the concept of Realistic Medicine to create the dPDT@home kit. This user-friendly and environmentally conscious kit allows patients to manage their AKs at home, reducing the need for hospital visits and ensuring timely treatment to coincide with appropriate weather conditions and to prevent disease progression due to delays in diagnosis and treatment. The initial pilot phase of the study was to evaluate the usability and convenience of the practicalities of the dPDT@home kit. Methods: Patients were instructed to conduct two dPDT@home kit treatments approximately three weeks apart on suitable weather days. After a follow-up telephone consultation from the specialist PDT nurse following the first treatment, patients then completed an initial questionnaire (Questionnaire 1, Q1) to share their experience. A second questionnaire (Q2) was completed 3–6 months after their final treatment to assess treatment outcomes. Results: A total of 16 patients with AK on the face and/or scalp used the dPDT@home kit. Five patients formed an initial pilot group in 2020/21, whose feedback and involvement informed the final product for the larger group of eleven patients (2021/22). All patients reported no issues with receiving the kit or the pro-drug used in the treatment (Q1). Q2 had an 81.25% return rate, with an average willingness score of 8.9/10 to use dPDT@home again. However, patients expressed doubts about their confidence in the treatment’s efficacy, giving an average score of 6.9/10, with preferences leaning towards other treatments, such as hospital-based PDT or cryotherapy. Conclusions: The pilot deployment of the dPDT@home kit identified suitable patients and highlighted the need for comprehensive training and support for both patients and clinicians to deliver dPDT through this novel approach. The kit can reduce the number of hospital visits, but patients still require supervision, which can be provided remotely. The questionnaire outcomes emphasize the importance of setting patient expectations and taking a holistic approach to managing chronic field-change AK. Additionally, the kit’s recyclable components and reliance on natural sunlight promote sustainability and reduce patient travel. Further evaluation is required to determine cost-efficacy, safety, and the potential place of the dPDT@home kit in the therapeutic management of patients with this common and challenging condition. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photodynamic Therapy in Dermatology and Oncology: Latest Advances and Prospects)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

Figure 1
<p>Patient-driven storyboarding conceptualizing the PDT @home kit.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>The dPDT@home kit, interior and exterior.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>The contents of the dPDT@home kit.</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>Step-by-step instructions for the dPDT@home kit.</p> Full article ">
9 pages, 813 KiB  
Article
Long-Term Improvement of Different Types of Acne Vulgaris Using a Mild Photodynamic Therapy Protocol with BF-200 ALA Gel: A Series of Cases
by Carlos Serra-Guillén, Beatriz Llombart and Onofre Sanmartín
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(9), 2658; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13092658 - 1 May 2024
Viewed by 1289
Abstract
Background: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) can be a promising alternative for patients with acne vulgaris. Our study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of red light photodynamic therapy with BF-200 ALA gel in the treatment of different types of acne vulgaris. Methods [...] Read more.
Background: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) can be a promising alternative for patients with acne vulgaris. Our study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of red light photodynamic therapy with BF-200 ALA gel in the treatment of different types of acne vulgaris. Methods: We performed a retrospective, observational study of a series of 22 cases. All patients were treated according to a mild PDT protocol. After a careful wash of the affected skin areas, BF-200 ALA gel was applied to the skin in a thin layer and incubated for 30 min, followed by illumination using narrow-spectrum red light (635 nm) at a dose of 4 J/cm2. Most patients received one (36.4%), two (27.3%), or three (22.7%) PDT sessions. About a third of the patients received concomitant acne treatment with topical retinoids. Results: Patients of 25.1 ± 8.9 years suffering from papulopustular (45.5%), nodular (27.3%), and comedonal acne (27.3%) in the face were included. Irrespective of acne type or severity, 95.5% of patients had good or excellent responses to the treatment with PDT (≥60% lesion clearance). We found no association between concomitant acne medication and the favorable results achieved by PDT. Most patients reported no adverse events (72.7%), except for six patients who experienced erythema. The good efficacy results were maintained over a follow-up period of 12.5 ± 10.8 months. Conclusions: In this study, we show that PDT with BF-200 ALA gel and low light dose is an effective and long-lasting option for the treatment of different acne types. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photodynamic Therapy in Dermatology and Oncology: Latest Advances and Prospects)
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Figure 1

Figure 1
<p>Efficacy assessment and response to treatment in patients with acne vulgaris after the PDT treatment with BF-200 ALA and at follow-up.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Treatment response after mild PDT with BF-200 ALA in patients with acne vulgaris. (<b>A</b>,<b>C</b>) Photographs before the treatment, left panels. (<b>B</b>,<b>D</b>) Photographs after the treatment, right panels.</p> Full article ">
8 pages, 1481 KiB  
Article
First Clinical Report of the Intraoperative Macro- and Micro-Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy Using Talaporfin Sodium for a Patient with Disseminated Lumbar Medulloblastoma
by Jiro Akimoto, Shinjiro Fukami, Kenta Nagai and Michihiro Kohno
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(2), 432; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12020432 - 5 Jan 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1936
Abstract
Photodiagnosis (PD) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) using the second-generation photosensitizer talaporfin sodium together with an exciting laser for primary intracranial malignant tumors is well recognized in Japan, and many medical institutions are introducing this new therapeutic option. In particular, intraoperative PDT using talaporfin [...] Read more.
Photodiagnosis (PD) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) using the second-generation photosensitizer talaporfin sodium together with an exciting laser for primary intracranial malignant tumors is well recognized in Japan, and many medical institutions are introducing this new therapeutic option. In particular, intraoperative PDT using talaporfin sodium for infiltrating tumor cells in the cavity walls after the resection of malignant glioma is now covered by health insurance after receiving governmental approvement, and this method has been recommended in therapeutic guidelines for primary malignant brain tumors in Japan. On the other hand, experimental and clinical studies on the development of novel therapeutic strategies for malignant spinal cord tumors have not been reported to date, although their histological features are almost identical to those of intracranial malignant tumors. Therefore, the clinical outcomes of malignant spinal cord tumors have been less favorable than those of malignant brain tumors. In this report, we performed the PD and PDT using talaporfin sodium on a patient with a metastatic lumbar lesion that was detected on magnetic resonance image (MRI) 50 months after the resection of cerebellar medulloblastoma who presented with lumbago and sciatica. We were able to detect the target lesion in the conus medullaris using a surgical microscope, and detected the disseminated medulloblastoma cells floating in the cerebrospinal fluid using a compact fluorescence microscope. Furthermore, we performed PDT to the resected lumbar lesion with the adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy, and the patient survived a meaningful life for more than 2 years after the lumbar surgery. This report describes the first case of a human patient in whom the efficacy of PD and PDT was demonstrated for a malignant spinal cord tumor. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photodynamic Therapy in Dermatology and Oncology: Latest Advances and Prospects)
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Figure 1

Figure 1
<p>Radio-pathological findings of the patient before the lumbar surgery. (<b>A</b>,<b>B</b>): Preoperative gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted MRI images of the brain displayed a heterogeneously enhanced tumor in the cerebellar vermis accompanied with obstructive hydrocephalus. (<b>C</b>): The histopathological diagnosis of the tumor was a classic type medulloblastoma with abundant typical Homer-wright rosette in the hematoxylin and eosin stain (×100). (<b>D</b>): Postoperative gadolinium-enhance T1-wegihted MRI image of brain displayed subtotal resection of the cerebellar tumor. (<b>E</b>,<b>F</b>): Gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted image of lumbar spine displayed a nodular enhanced mass ((<b>F</b>): white arrow) with enhancement of meninges of cauda equina ((<b>E</b>): white arrow).</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Intraoperative findings of the lumbar surgery and practice of PD and PDT for the tumor located in the conus medullaris. (<b>A</b>): Intraoperative finding of an intradural lumbar lesion demonstrating a gelatinous pink tumor located in the conus medullaris between the cauda equina (white arrow). (<b>B</b>): Intraoperative PD using a surgical microscope demonstrated weak fluorescencefrom the tumor (white arrow). (<b>C</b>): Piece by piece resection of the tumor. (<b>D</b>,<b>G</b>): Intraoperative fluorescence cytology of sediment from the CSF (<b>D</b>) and resected tumor tissue (<b>G</b>) under white light demonstrated a cluster of tumor cells. (<b>E</b>,<b>H</b>): Intraoperative fluorescence cytology of the sediment from the CSF (<b>E</b>) and resected tumor tissue (<b>H</b>) demonstrated strong fluorescence of talaporfin sodium in the cytoplasm of the cluster of tumor cells with a high N/C ratio. (<b>F</b>): Giemsa stain (×400) of the sediment from the CSF demonstrated a cluster of tumor cells. (<b>I</b>): We performed a single shot of irradiation of PDT to the conus medullaris. The magnification of histological images: (<b>D</b>,<b>E</b>,<b>G</b>): ×200, (<b>F</b>,<b>H</b>): ×400.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>Radio-pathological course of the patient after the lumbar surgery. (<b>A</b>,<b>B</b>) Histopathological findings of the resected tumor in the conus medullaris demonstrated a cluster of small round cell tumor cells with a high N/C ratio (×400). (<b>C</b>): Postoperative gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted image of the lumbar spine displayed a faint tumor nodule (white arrow) in the conus medullaris without enhancement of the meninges of the cauda equina. (<b>D</b>,<b>E</b>) Gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted MRI of the lumbar spine (<b>D</b>) and cervical spine (<b>E</b>) taken 2 months after the lumbar surgery. The lumbar lesion displayed faint tumor enhancement ((<b>D</b>): white arrow), and the heterogeneous enhanced intramedullary mass was located between the C3 and C7 levels ((<b>E</b>): white arrow).</p> Full article ">
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