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Biomedicines
Special Issues
Biomarkers in Pain
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Biomarkers in Pain

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular and Translational Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 April 2025 | Viewed by 2087

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Mats B. Eriksson

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiogy and Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
Interests: anesthesiology; biomarkers, coagulation, cytokines, endotoxin; critical care medicine; intensive care; leptin; inflammation, intraosseous; sepsis; SAPS3; shock
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Anders O. Larsson

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
Interests: endotoxin; intensive care; acute kidney injury; glomerular filtration rate markers; kidney tubular damage markers; cardiovascular risk markers; neutrophil activation markers; calprotectin
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Acute and chronic pain are two major reasons patients seek healthcare. Approximately 20% of the world’s population suffers from chronic pain, and in the USA alone, annual economic losses due to chronic pain are estimated to be USD 600 billion. Apart from being a major economic burden for society, chronic pain is also a major cause of decreased quality of life.

Chronic pain is often difficult to treat, and we have few objective measures for evaluating the pain level. Patients in pain therefore often struggle have their pain problems acknowledged, as pain is a subjective experience that is difficult to verify. During the last decade, biomarkers related to chronic pain have been investigated. The discovery of such markers could not only be used to improve diagnoses and prognostication of patients with chronic pain but could also support those who file an insurance claim after an injury. Biomarkers of pain could also be used to distinguish different causes of pain, allowing for improved selection of treatments. Such markers could also provide pharmaceutical companies with a tool for evaluating pain relief effects in clinical trials.

The focus of this Special Issue of Biomedicines is on the value of biomarkers of pain in a broad perspective.

Biomarkers of pain may be used to identify and quantify pain of various origins in order to facilitate adequate therapeutic interventions. Extensive prescription of analgesics, especially opioids, is associated with overdose deaths. Although pain is a subjective experience, the use of determinants of pain as an end point in clinical trials may help to predict the safety as well as analgesic efficacy of new drugs.

Dr. Mats Eriksson
Prof. Dr. Anders O. Larsson
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomedicines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • analgesia
  • biomarker
  • CSF
  • cytokine
  • inflammation
  • neuropathy
  • neurotransmitter
  • pain
  • QoL
  • sensitization
  • sensory

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 814 KiB  
Article
Electroencephalography Longitudinal Markers of Central Neuropathic Pain Intensity in Spinal Cord Injury: A Home-Based Pilot Study
by Rab Nawaz, Ho Suen, Rahmat Ullah, Mariel Purcell, Shannon Diggin, Euan McCaughey and Aleksandra Vuckovic
Biomedicines 2024, 12(12), 2751; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12122751 - 30 Nov 2024
Viewed by 620
Abstract
Background: It is well known from cross-sectional studies that pain intensity affects brain activity as measured by electroencephalography (EEG) in people with neuropathic pain (NP). However, quantitative characterisation is scarce. Methods: In this longitudinal study, ten people with spinal cord injury-related NP recorded [...] Read more.
Background: It is well known from cross-sectional studies that pain intensity affects brain activity as measured by electroencephalography (EEG) in people with neuropathic pain (NP). However, quantitative characterisation is scarce. Methods: In this longitudinal study, ten people with spinal cord injury-related NP recorded their home EEG activity ten days before and after taking medications over a period of several weeks. Results: The reduction in pain due to medications was accompanied by changes in the resting state EEG and its reactivity to eyes opening (EO) and closing (EC). There was a significant positive correlation between the frontal theta band and the intensity of pain (visual numerical scale) pre-medication (p = 0.007, Pearson R = 0.29) and theta, alpha, and lower beta (6–15 Hz) band power and the intensity of pain after post-medication over the frontal, central, and parietal cortices. Reactivity had a negative correlation with pain intensity at all locations and frequency bands and showed similar behaviour in wider frequency bands like 8–15 Hz at the occipital cortex and 2–12 Hz at the frontal cortex. Conclusions: EEG could be used to detect the intensity of NP to serve as a surrogate or pharmacodynamic marker. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomarkers in Pain)
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Figure 1

Figure 1
<p>Location of most intense pain for each participant.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Comparison of PSD in eyes open and eyes closed states within each brain lobe for pre-medication session (<b>a</b>–<b>d</b>) and post-medication session (<b>e</b>–<b>h</b>).</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>Comparison of PSD in pre-medication and post-medication sessions within each brain lobe in eyes open state (<b>a</b>–<b>d</b>) and eyes closed state (<b>e</b>–<b>h</b>).</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>Correlation (Pearson coefficient) between EEG power after taking medications in the frontal cortex for the theta/alpha (6–10 Hz), alpha (8–12 Hz), and alpha/beta (10–15 Hz) (<b>a</b>–<b>c</b>), respectively, and in the central region for the theta/alpha (6–10 Hz), alpha (8–12 Hz) and alpha/beta (10–15 Hz) (<b>d</b>–<b>f</b>), respectively. R and <span class="html-italic">p</span> values are shown in figures.</p> Full article ">
19 pages, 2262 KiB  
Article
MiRNA Expression in Long-Distance Runners with Musculoskeletal Pain: Implications for Pain Pathophysiology
by Maria Rosaria Tumolo, Antonella Bodini, Francesco Bagordo, Carlo Giacomo Leo, Pierpaolo Mincarone, Elisabetta De Matteis, Saverio Sabina, Tiziana Grassi and Egeria Scoditti
Biomedicines 2024, 12(11), 2494; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12112494 - 30 Oct 2024
Viewed by 694
Abstract
Background: miRNAs are short, non-coding RNAs whose deregulation has been shown in painful processes, including musculoskeletal pain. This condition, which causes disability, impacts quality of life, and contributes to substantial healthcare costs, is also a critical issue in sports. In this case-control [...] Read more.
Background: miRNAs are short, non-coding RNAs whose deregulation has been shown in painful processes, including musculoskeletal pain. This condition, which causes disability, impacts quality of life, and contributes to substantial healthcare costs, is also a critical issue in sports. In this case-control study, we evaluated the expression of four miRNAs involved in inflammation in runners with musculoskeletal pain and elucidated their functions and pathophysiological implications. Methods: A total of 17 runners with musculoskeletal pain and 17 age- and sex-matched runners without pain participated in this study. The levels of the miRNAs were evaluated by qRT-PCR. Bioinformatic tools were employed to identify the target genes and biological processes regulated by these miRNAs. Results: Compared to the controls, the runners with musculoskeletal pain exhibited significantly higher plasma levels of miR-133b (p = 0.02), miR-155-5p (p = 0.003) and let-7a-5p (p = 0.02). Multivariable regression analysis indicated that these three miRNAs exhibit a positive correlation (p < 0.05) with the presence of musculoskeletal pain, adjusted for age. Bioinformatic analysis suggested that the miRNAs hub genes are involved in regulatory processes, neuroinflammatory pathways, and human diseases that are associated with pain pathology. Conclusions: These results enhance our understanding of the potential role of miR-133b, miR-155-5p and let-7a-5p in pain-associated biological processes. The miRNA-mediated negative regulation of genes identified could explain the inflammatory and tissue repair processes in this population. Further studies are needed to confirm and validate the role of these miRNAs in painful conditions, especially considering the significant public health implications of managing inflammatory pain in sports. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomarkers in Pain)
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Figure 1

Figure 1
<p>Boxplots comparing the expression levels of the plasma miRNAs between the cases group and the controls group. The <span class="html-italic">p</span>-value refers to the two-tailed Mann–Whitney U test. Outliers are indicated above each boxplot, not represented in the graph for reasons of clarity.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Pairwise scatterplot of the plasma miRNA expression in (<b>A</b>) the cases group; and (<b>B</b>) the control group. The data points were log-transformed to enhance the visualization.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>Venn diagram displaying the predicted target genes of the selected miRNAs, as sourced from three distinct databases.</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>Network construction. (<b>A</b>) Identification of 10 hub genes determined through 8 algorithms in CytoHubba. A darker color (red) indicates higher connectivity among the hub genes. (<b>B</b>) Interaction network illustrating the relationship between the miRNAs and the 10 identified hub genes. Diamonds represent miRNAs, while ellipses represent the corresponding target genes. A darker color (dark pink) indicates a higher connectivity within the network.</p> Full article ">Figure 5
<p>Gene Ontology (GO) analysis of the miRNA hub genes, depicting: (<b>A</b>) Biological Processes, (<b>B</b>) Molecular Functions, and (<b>C</b>) Cellular Components. The GO terms are arranged according to their <span class="html-italic">p</span>-values, in descending order.</p> Full article ">Figure 6
<p>KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of the miRNA hub genes. The pathways are arranged in descending order based on the <span class="html-italic">p</span>-values, illustrating the significance of each pathway in relation to the identified hub genes.</p> Full article ">
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