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Applied Sciences
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Power Systems: Protection and Connection with Converters
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Power Systems: Protection and Connection with Converters

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2024) | Viewed by 1882

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Vijay Sood

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical, Computer and Software Engineering, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, ON L1G 0C5, Canada
Interests: HVDC and FACTS controllers for power transmission systems; modeling of power electronics converters; control and protection of power systems; microgrids
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The integration of intermittent renewable energy sources (such as solar and wind) into microgrids requires the use of power electronic converters with sophisticated controllers to maximise their energy recuperation. There are major problems with the use of such power electronic converters. They have limited thermal ratings and contribute little, if any, rotational inertia to the microgrids that they are connected to. The lack of injected rotational enertia makes these microgrids particularly vulnerable to instability issues. Special protection and control strategies are therefore needed to efficiently and fully utilize such converters in the integration of intermittent renewable energy sources. These power electronic converters can have the role of either grid following or grid forming. Modern control techniques can enable these converters to provide virtual inertia to overcome instability issues. This Special Issue will deal with many of these topics.

Prof. Dr. Vijay K. Sood
Guest Editor

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

Jump to: Review

17 pages, 4832 KiB  
Article
Fault Detection and VSC-HVDC Network Dynamics Analysis for the Faults in Its Host AC Networks
by Kiran Rana, Nand Kishor, Richa Negi and Monalisa Biswal
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(6), 2378; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14062378 - 12 Mar 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1211
Abstract
High-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission is preferred over high-voltage alternating current (HVAC) for long power lines for asynchronous power grid interconnection and high-level renewable energy integration. The control and protection functions associated with HVDC systems help with fast and secure clearance of faults. [...] Read more.
High-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission is preferred over high-voltage alternating current (HVAC) for long power lines for asynchronous power grid interconnection and high-level renewable energy integration. The control and protection functions associated with HVDC systems help with fast and secure clearance of faults. The control and protection challenges in the embedded HVDC network are of great concern for the stable and secure operation of an HVDC network. The DC fault current may reach an extremely high level in a rather short period because of the low impedance in a DC system, which is dangerous for converters, and disturbances in the AC network directly influence the performance of the HVDC system. Sometimes, faults on the AC side may lead to disconnection or failure of the DC link, causing reliability problems as well as huge economic losses. AC and DC protection solutions are being developed for HVDC systems to enhance their sustainability and reliability. As such, AC and DC faults should be detected and cleared at a faster rate. Therefore, in this article, the feasibility of the synchro-squeezed transform (SST) is analyzed for detection purposes. For more accurate and faster detection, the signal is first decomposed using the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) technique, and then the SST is applied. A discrete Teager energy (DTE) spectrum is obtained with the processed signal, which works as the detection index. The algorithm shows low sampling frequency requirements, with higher efficiency and reliability for the purpose. PSCAD/EMTDC version 4.6 software and MATLAB 2022a software is used for the modeling and simulation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power Systems: Protection and Connection with Converters)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

Figure 1
<p>Flowchart of proposed technique.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>MMC HVDC network.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>(<b>a</b>) Current signal for AG fault. (<b>b</b>) Current signal for ABG fault. (<b>c</b>) Current signal for AB fault. (<b>d</b>) Current signal for ABC fault.</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>Current signal decomposition for ABC faults.</p> Full article ">Figure 5
<p>(<b>a</b>) DTE index for AG fault. (<b>b</b>) DTE index for ABG fault. (<b>c</b>) DTE index for AB fault. (<b>d</b>) DTE index for ABC fault.</p> Full article ">Figure 6
<p>TFRs obtained for AG fault (<b>a</b>) using HHT and (<b>b</b>) using SST.</p> Full article ">Figure 7
<p>TFRs obtained for AB fault (<b>a</b>) using HHT and (<b>b</b>) using SST.</p> Full article ">Figure 8
<p>TFRs obtained for ABG fault (<b>a</b>) using HHT and (<b>b</b>) using SST.</p> Full article ">Figure 9
<p>TFRs obtained for ABC fault (<b>a</b>) using HHT and (<b>b</b>) using SST.</p> Full article ">Figure 10
<p>(<b>a</b>) Current waveform during zero-crossing fault. (<b>b</b>) Current waveform during peak crossing fault. (<b>c</b>) DTE during zero-crossing fault. (<b>d</b>) DTE during peak crossing fault.</p> Full article ">Figure 11
<p>Results for SLS. (<b>a</b>) Current waveform for phase A, (<b>b</b>) DTE for phase A during SLS.</p> Full article ">Figure 12
<p>Results for the presence of noise in the signal. (<b>a</b>) Current waveform for phase A, (<b>b</b>) DTE for phase A in the presence of various SNRs.</p> Full article ">

Review

Jump to: Research

21 pages, 3464 KiB  
Review
Alternatives for Connecting Photovoltaic Generators to Power Systems with Three-Port and Partial Power Converters
by Donghui Ye and Sergio Martinez
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(24), 11880; https://doi.org/10.3390/app142411880 - 19 Dec 2024
Viewed by 253
Abstract
Solar electricity has become one of the most important renewable power sources due to rapid developments in the manufacturing of photovoltaic (PV) cells and power electronic techniques as well as the consciousness of environmental protection. In general, PV panels are connected to DC-DC [...] Read more.
Solar electricity has become one of the most important renewable power sources due to rapid developments in the manufacturing of photovoltaic (PV) cells and power electronic techniques as well as the consciousness of environmental protection. In general, PV panels are connected to DC-DC converters and/or DC-AC inverters to implement the maximum power point tracking algorithm and to fulfill the load requirements. Thus, power conversion efficiency and power density need to be taken into consideration when designing PV systems. Three-port and partial power conversion technologies are proposed to improve the efficiency of a whole PV system and its power density. In this paper, three types of three-port converters (TPCs), including fully isolated, partly isolated, and non-isolated TPCs, are studied with detailed discussions of advantages, disadvantages, and comparisons. In addition, based on partial power conversion technologies, partial power two-port and three-port topologies are analyzed in detail. Their efficiency and power density can be further improved by the combination of three-port and partial power conversion technologies. Moreover, comparisons among seven different types of distributed PV systems are presented with their advantages and disadvantages. Compared to distributed PV systems without energy storage, distributed PV systems with hybridization of energy storage and with partial power regulation can use solar energy in a more efficient way. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power Systems: Protection and Connection with Converters)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

Figure 1
<p>Stand-alone PV power conversion system.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Hybrid PV power conversion system.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>Grid-connected PV power conversion system.</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>Alternative grid-connected PV system control with power curtailment control algorithm.</p> Full article ">Figure 5
<p>Traditional configuration of a PV system with two individual DC-DC converters. The red lines indicate the possible directions of power flow.</p> Full article ">Figure 6
<p>Power flow scheme of traditional TPCs.</p> Full article ">Figure 7
<p>Power flow scheme of traditional TPCs. Operation modes of a TPC: (<b>a</b>) SIDO; (<b>b</b>) DISO; (<b>c</b>–<b>e</b>) SISO.</p> Full article ">Figure 8
<p>Full power converter. (<b>a</b>) Circuit configuration. (<b>b</b>) Power flow scheme.</p> Full article ">Figure 9
<p>Partial power converter. (<b>a</b>) Circuit configuration. (<b>b</b>) Power flow scheme (red arrows indicate direct power flow).</p> Full article ">Figure 10
<p>Power flow of two-port partial power converters (<b>a</b>) with step-up (<span class="html-italic">v<sub>c</sub></span> &gt; 0) or step-down (<span class="html-italic">v<sub>c</sub></span> &lt; 0) operation modes. (<b>b</b>,<b>c</b>) Two examples of circuit structure of step-up operation. (<b>d</b>,<b>e</b>) Two examples of circuit structure of step-down operation.</p> Full article ">Figure 11
<p>Partial power boost DC-DC converter.</p> Full article ">Figure 12
<p>Power flow scheme. (<b>a</b>) Full-power TPC; (<b>b</b>) step-down TPC with PPR; (<b>c</b>) step-up TPC with PPR.</p> Full article ">Figure 13
<p>Power flow scheme of the proposed BESS-integrated PV system with PPR.</p> Full article ">Figure 14
<p>Centralized PV system with a string PV panel.</p> Full article ">Figure 15
<p>Centralized PV system with bypass diodes.</p> Full article ">Figure 16
<p>Traditional distributed PV system with individual converters.</p> Full article ">Figure 17
<p>Distributed PV system architectures. (<b>a</b>) Individual DC-DC converters connected between each PV panel and the output. (<b>b</b>) A DC-DC converter connected between PV panels and the output.</p> Full article ">Figure 18
<p>Distributed PV system architecture with DC-DC converters connected between each PV panel.</p> Full article ">Figure 19
<p>Distributed PV system architecture with DC-DC converters connected between each PV panel and the DC bus.</p> Full article ">Figure 20
<p>Circuit configuration of a distributed PV system with a BESS and PPR.</p> Full article ">
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