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- El Xunzi es una colección de escritos atribuidos a Xun Kuang, conocido como Xun Zi, un filósofo del siglo III antes de Cristo, usualmente asociado con la tradición Confuciana. El Xunzi es quizás más famoso por el énfasis que pone en la educación y el decoro, así como por su sorprendente afirmación de que "la naturaleza humana es detestable." (es)
- The Xunzi (Chinese: 荀子) is an ancient Chinese collection of philosophical writings attributed to and named after Xun Kuang, a 3rd-century BCE philosopher usually associated with the Confucian tradition. The Xunzi is perhaps most famous for the emphasis it places on education and propriety, as well as its striking assertion that "human nature is detestable". The text is furthermore an important source of early theories of ritual, cosmology, and governance. The ideas within the Xunzi are thought to have exerted a strong influence on Legalist thinkers, such as Han Fei, and laid the groundwork for much of Han Dynasty political ideology. The text criticizes a wide range of other prominent early Chinese thinkers, including Laozi, Zhuangzi, Mozi, and Mencius. Some Xunzi chapters are especially significant. The "Discussion of Heaven (天論 Tiān lùn)" rejects the notion that heaven has a moral will. Instead, Xunzi asserts that heaven operates according to constant principles; thus people should focus on the human, social realm rather than attempting to ascertain the inner-workings of heaven. The "Discussion of Ritual Propriety (禮 lĭ)" chapter gives rules of individual and social decorum. "Dispelling Obsessions" teaches that in focusing on only one aspect of a situation, one often loses sight of the larger purpose. "Proper Use of Terms" (正名 zhēngmíng): A name becomes proper for a situation through conventional usage, but once this is fixed it is improper to deviate from this norm. "Human Dispositions are Detestable" (xìng è 性惡) rejects Mencius's claim that people have a natural inclination toward goodness. Confucius, who simply said that people are similar by nature, was not clear on the matter. Xunzi holds that man is naturally inclined towards selfishness, and that if this inclination is not curbed, human societies devolve into chaos. He argues that people become good only through conscious efforts and social constructs, emphasizing the difference between natural endowment and cultivated potential. In the first century AD, Liu Xiang redacted Xunzi's extant oeuvre from hundreds of loose fascicles into 32 bundles of bamboo strips. The first commentary on the Xunzi does not appear until 818 AD, when an official named Yang Liang claimed to have corrected errors in the existing bamboo strips and transcribed them on scrolls of silk. Yang's commentary still appears in some modern editions of the text. The text has been continuously in print since the invention of the printing press in the 11th century AD. (en)
- 《순자(荀子)》는 중국 전국시대(戰國時代: BC 403~221) 말 유가 사상가 순자(荀子: BC 298?~238?)의 말과 글을 모은 책이다. 《순경신서(荀卿新書)》·《손경자(孫卿子)》라고도 불린다. 이 책 〈성악(性惡)〉 편에서 맹자의 성선설(性善說)에 반대한 성악설(性惡說)을 주장하고 있다. 이 책 저자인 순자는 한나라에서 유가의 정통적 인물로 보았으나, 송나라 시대 성리학 학풍 속에서 성악설이 비난받자 유가의 이단자로 간주했다. 그에 대한 재평가는 청나라 말기에서야 다시 이루어졌다. 이 책은 순자의 사상을 알 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 선진 시대(先秦時代)의 유가(儒家) 사상의 총괄서로서 큰 의의를 가진다. (ko)
- 《荀子》，戰國時荀況撰，二十卷，今存三十二篇。在四庫全書中為子部儒家類。 《荀子》全書共三十二篇，今存《勸學篇》、《修身篇》及《成相篇》、《賦篇》等三十二篇。西漢劉向所首先整理校訂荀子及其弟子書論，定為三十二篇、唐楊倞注、清王先謙集解。此書本儒家崇禮、正名之說而主性惡，為先秦重要的哲學思想著作，也是重要的散文集。《成相篇》是以民歌形式寫成，共有五十六段，每段採三、三、七、十一的句式，有說有唱，文字通俗易懂，刘师培在《论文偶记》中说：“观荀卿作《成相篇》，已近赋体，而其考列往迹，阐明事理，已开后世之联珠。”《賦篇》包括五篇短赋，是一种散文的赋体，常在中國文學史中被提及，被學者認為是中國辭賦文體的來源之一。 《荀子》内容总结和发展了先秦哲学思想。其中，阐述自然观的，主要有《天论篇》；阐述认识论的，有《解蔽篇》；阐述逻辑思想的，有《正名篇》；阐述伦理思想的，有《性惡篇》、《礼论篇》等；《非十二子》是对先秦各学派一个批判性的总结；《成相篇》以民间文学形式宣传为君、治国之道。这些对于了解荀子思想內容來說是比較重要的。 (zh)
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- Text from the Xunzi in seal script (en)
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- "[The Writings of] Master Xun" (en)
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- El Xunzi es una colección de escritos atribuidos a Xun Kuang, conocido como Xun Zi, un filósofo del siglo III antes de Cristo, usualmente asociado con la tradición Confuciana. El Xunzi es quizás más famoso por el énfasis que pone en la educación y el decoro, así como por su sorprendente afirmación de que "la naturaleza humana es detestable." (es)
- 《순자(荀子)》는 중국 전국시대(戰國時代: BC 403~221) 말 유가 사상가 순자(荀子: BC 298?~238?)의 말과 글을 모은 책이다. 《순경신서(荀卿新書)》·《손경자(孫卿子)》라고도 불린다. 이 책 〈성악(性惡)〉 편에서 맹자의 성선설(性善說)에 반대한 성악설(性惡說)을 주장하고 있다. 이 책 저자인 순자는 한나라에서 유가의 정통적 인물로 보았으나, 송나라 시대 성리학 학풍 속에서 성악설이 비난받자 유가의 이단자로 간주했다. 그에 대한 재평가는 청나라 말기에서야 다시 이루어졌다. 이 책은 순자의 사상을 알 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 선진 시대(先秦時代)의 유가(儒家) 사상의 총괄서로서 큰 의의를 가진다. (ko)
- 《荀子》，戰國時荀況撰，二十卷，今存三十二篇。在四庫全書中為子部儒家類。 《荀子》全書共三十二篇，今存《勸學篇》、《修身篇》及《成相篇》、《賦篇》等三十二篇。西漢劉向所首先整理校訂荀子及其弟子書論，定為三十二篇、唐楊倞注、清王先謙集解。此書本儒家崇禮、正名之說而主性惡，為先秦重要的哲學思想著作，也是重要的散文集。《成相篇》是以民歌形式寫成，共有五十六段，每段採三、三、七、十一的句式，有說有唱，文字通俗易懂，刘师培在《论文偶记》中说：“观荀卿作《成相篇》，已近赋体，而其考列往迹，阐明事理，已开后世之联珠。”《賦篇》包括五篇短赋，是一种散文的赋体，常在中國文學史中被提及，被學者認為是中國辭賦文體的來源之一。 《荀子》内容总结和发展了先秦哲学思想。其中，阐述自然观的，主要有《天论篇》；阐述认识论的，有《解蔽篇》；阐述逻辑思想的，有《正名篇》；阐述伦理思想的，有《性惡篇》、《礼论篇》等；《非十二子》是对先秦各学派一个批判性的总结；《成相篇》以民间文学形式宣传为君、治国之道。这些对于了解荀子思想內容來說是比較重要的。 (zh)
- The Xunzi (Chinese: 荀子) is an ancient Chinese collection of philosophical writings attributed to and named after Xun Kuang, a 3rd-century BCE philosopher usually associated with the Confucian tradition. The Xunzi is perhaps most famous for the emphasis it places on education and propriety, as well as its striking assertion that "human nature is detestable". The text is furthermore an important source of early theories of ritual, cosmology, and governance. The ideas within the Xunzi are thought to have exerted a strong influence on Legalist thinkers, such as Han Fei, and laid the groundwork for much of Han Dynasty political ideology. The text criticizes a wide range of other prominent early Chinese thinkers, including Laozi, Zhuangzi, Mozi, and Mencius. (en)
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- Xunzi (libro) (es)
- 순자 (책) (ko)
- Xunzi (book) (en)
- 荀子 (書) (zh)
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