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- Hyujeong (Korean: 휴정; Hanja: 休靜, 1520-1604), also called Seosan Daesa (서산대사, 西山大師) was a Korean Seon master. As was common for monks in this time, he travelled from place to place, living in a succession of monasteries. Buddhist monks had been forced to keep a low profile since General Yi Seonggye had been forced to eject Buddhism from its state of total permeation of government in order to gain the support of Neo-Confucian scholar-officials to consolidate his position against his Buddhist political opponents when he overthrew Gongyang of Goryeo in 1392 to become King Taejo of Joseon. Before ever having tested his hand as a military commander, Hyujeong was a first-rate Seon master and the author of a number of important religious texts, the most important of which is probably his Seongagwigam (Korean: 선가귀감; Hanja: 禪家龜鑑), a guide to Seon practice studied by Korean monks even today. Like most monks of the Joseon period, Hyujeong had been initially educated in Neo-Confucian philosophy. Dissatisfied, though, he wandered through the mountain monasteries. Later, after making a name for himself as a teacher, he was made arbiter of the Seon school by Myeongjong of Joseon, who was sympathetic towards Buddhism. He soon resigned from this responsibility, though, returning to the itinerant life, advancing his Seon studies and teaching at monasteries all around Korea. At the beginning of the 1590s, Toyotomi Hideyoshi, after stabilising Sengoku-era Japan under his rule, made preparations for a large-scale invasion of Joseon. Joseon was unaware and was unprepared for the Japanese invasion. In 1592, after Japan’s request for aid conquering Ming China was rebuffed, approximately 200,000 Japanese soldiers invaded Joseon, and the Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–98) began. At the beginning of the first invasion, Seonjo of Joseon fled the capital, leaving a weak, poorly trained army to defend the country. In desperation he called on Hyujeong to organise monks into guerilla units. Even at 73 years of age he managed to recruit and deploy some 5,000 of these warrior monks, who enjoyed some instrumental successes. At first, the government armies of Joseon suffered repeated defeats, and the Japanese armies marched north up to Pyongyang and Hamgyong Province. At sea, however, the Joseon navy, under the command of Admiral Yi Sun-sin, enjoyed successive victories. Throughout the country, loyal volunteer armies formed and fought against the Japanese together with the warrior monks and the government armies of Joseon. The presence of Hyujeong's monk army, operating out of the deep in the mountain of Yeongchwisan, was a critical factor in the eventual expulsion of the Japanese invaders in 1593 and again in 1598. The Taekwon-Do pattern Seo-San is named in his honor. (en)
- 휴정(休靜, 1520년 3월 26일~1604년 1월 23일)은 조선 중기의 고승, 승장(僧將)이다. 속성은 최(崔), 본관은 완산, 이름은 여신(汝信), 아명은 운학(雲鶴), 자는 현응(玄應), 호는 청허(淸虛)·서산(西山), 별호는 백화도인(白華道人) 또는 서산대사(西山大師)·풍악산인(楓岳山人)·두류산인(頭流山人)·묘향산인(妙香山人)·조계퇴은(曹溪退隱)·병로(病老)이다. 휴정은 법명. 제63대 조사이다. 임진왜란 당시 제자인 사명당 유정과 함께 (僧兵)을 일으켜서 크게 전공을 세웠다. (ko)
- Sŏsan Taesa (lub Seosan Daesa) (kor. 서산대사), właściwie Ch'ŏnghŏ Hyujŏng (ur. 1520, zm. 1604) – największy koreański mistrz sŏn okresu dynastii Yi. Znany także jako Sŏsan Tŭnggye. Bohater ludowych opowieści. (pl)
- 休靜（朝鮮語：휴정／休靜 Hyujeong，1520年－1604年），又名雲鶴，字玄應，號清虛、西山，又號、妙香山人，朝鮮王朝時期的武僧、禪宗僧侶。俗名崔汝信。他又以西山玄應等名字為人所知。 自幼父母雙亡，於30歲時中禪科，任奉恩寺住持，後雲遊各大寺廟弘法。 在壬辰倭亂時期，朝鮮宣祖任命休靜為八道都總攝，號召全國僧人起來反抗日軍。他雖作為朝鮮八道僧兵的總指揮，但因年邁，將僧兵的指揮權交給了弟子惟政。 著有《》等。 (zh)
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- 휴정(休靜, 1520년 3월 26일~1604년 1월 23일)은 조선 중기의 고승, 승장(僧將)이다. 속성은 최(崔), 본관은 완산, 이름은 여신(汝信), 아명은 운학(雲鶴), 자는 현응(玄應), 호는 청허(淸虛)·서산(西山), 별호는 백화도인(白華道人) 또는 서산대사(西山大師)·풍악산인(楓岳山人)·두류산인(頭流山人)·묘향산인(妙香山人)·조계퇴은(曹溪退隱)·병로(病老)이다. 휴정은 법명. 제63대 조사이다. 임진왜란 당시 제자인 사명당 유정과 함께 (僧兵)을 일으켜서 크게 전공을 세웠다. (ko)
- Sŏsan Taesa (lub Seosan Daesa) (kor. 서산대사), właściwie Ch'ŏnghŏ Hyujŏng (ur. 1520, zm. 1604) – największy koreański mistrz sŏn okresu dynastii Yi. Znany także jako Sŏsan Tŭnggye. Bohater ludowych opowieści. (pl)
- 休靜（朝鮮語：휴정／休靜 Hyujeong，1520年－1604年），又名雲鶴，字玄應，號清虛、西山，又號、妙香山人，朝鮮王朝時期的武僧、禪宗僧侶。俗名崔汝信。他又以西山玄應等名字為人所知。 自幼父母雙亡，於30歲時中禪科，任奉恩寺住持，後雲遊各大寺廟弘法。 在壬辰倭亂時期，朝鮮宣祖任命休靜為八道都總攝，號召全國僧人起來反抗日軍。他雖作為朝鮮八道僧兵的總指揮，但因年邁，將僧兵的指揮權交給了弟子惟政。 著有《》等。 (zh)
- Hyujeong (Korean: 휴정; Hanja: 休靜, 1520-1604), also called Seosan Daesa (서산대사, 西山大師) was a Korean Seon master. As was common for monks in this time, he travelled from place to place, living in a succession of monasteries. Buddhist monks had been forced to keep a low profile since General Yi Seonggye had been forced to eject Buddhism from its state of total permeation of government in order to gain the support of Neo-Confucian scholar-officials to consolidate his position against his Buddhist political opponents when he overthrew Gongyang of Goryeo in 1392 to become King Taejo of Joseon. (en)
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