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- Der First Quarter Storm, auch First Quarter Storm Movement genannt, war eine linksgerichtete politische Studentenbewegung, die sich von Januar bis März 1970 auf die Hauptstadt der Philippinen Manila und die Region Metro Manila beschränkte. An der Bewegung waren zahlreiche Studentenvereinigungen beteiligt, unter anderem die National Union of Students of the Philippines (NUSP). Die Bewegung war beeinflusst von der 68er-Bewegung, aber auch vom Marxismus und Maoismus. Hauptzentren der Bewegung waren die Universität der Philippinen Diliman, die Universität der Philippinen Manila, die Polytechnic University of the Philippines und die University of the East. Die Demonstrationen begannen am 26. Januar 1970 vor dem Repräsentantenhaus der Philippinen anlässlich einer Rede des damaligen Präsidenten Ferdinand Marcos. Die Proteste wandten sich gegen die Amtsführung, die steigende Korruption der Regierung, die Armut der Bevölkerung und das Bündnis mit den USA während des Vietnamkrieges. Ab dem 30. Januar 1970 gab es die ersten gewalttätigen Auseinandersetzungen mit der Polizei, die die zunächst friedlichen Demonstrationen gewaltsam aufzulösen versuchte. Daraufhin entwickelten sich heftige Straßenschlachten. In der Nacht vom 30. zum 31. Januar wurden mehrere hundert Studenten verhaftet und vier getötet. Die Demonstrationen und Studentenunruhen gingen bis März 1970 weiter, erlahmten aber, da mehrere tausend Studenten inhaftiert, gefoltert und mehrere Dutzend getötet wurden. Auch radikalisierten sich Teile der Bewegung zusehends, mehrere hundert Studenten gingen nach den Unruhen in den Untergrund und schlossen sich dem maoistischen Nuevo Ejército del Pueblo an. Andere gingen in die Politik oder ins Exil. (de)
- The First Quarter Storm (Filipino: Sigwa ng Unang Sangkapat), often shortened into the acronym FQS, was a period of civil unrest in the Philippines which took place during the "first quarter of the year 1970". It included a series of demonstrations, protests, and marches against the administration of President Ferdinand Marcos, mostly organized by students and supported by workers, peasants, and members of the urban poor, from January 26 to March 17, 1970. Protesters at these events raised issues relating to social problems, authoritarianism, alleged election cheating, and corruption under Marcos. Violent dispersals of various FQS protests were among the first watershed events in which large numbers of Filipino students of the 1970s were radicalized against the Marcos administration. Due to these dispersals, many students who had previously held "moderate" positions (i.e., calling for legislative reforms) became convinced that they had no choice but to call for more radical social change. Similar watershed events would later include the February 1971 Diliman Commune; the August 1971 suspension of the writ of habeas corpus in the wake of the Plaza Miranda bombing; the September 1972 declaration of Martial Law; the 1980 murder of Macli-ing Dulag; the August 1983 assassination of Ninoy Aquino; and eventually, allegations of cheating during the 1986 Snap Elections which led to the non-violent 1986 EDSA Revolution. (en)
- La Tempesta del Primo Trimestre (in filippino Sigwa ng Unang Kuwatro; in inglese First Quarter Storm) fu una serie di proteste nelle Filippine organizzata da attivisti di estrema sinistra tra cui Jose Maria Sison e Bernabe Buscayno, entrambi di idea maoista. La Tempesta del Primo Trimestre durò dal gennaio al marzo 1970 e consisteva in massicce manifestazioni, proteste e marce contro il governo del Presidente filippino Ferdinand Marcos. Fu uno dei principali fattori che portarono alla dichiarazione di legge marziale nelle Filippine nel settembre 1972. (it)
- Tempestade do Primeiro Trimestre (em inglês: First Quarter Storm, em filipino: Sigwa ng Unang Kuwatro) foi um período de distúrbios esquerdistas nas Filipinas, composto por uma série de fortes manifestações, protestos e marchas contra o governo de janeiro a março de 1970, ou no primeiro trimestre de 1970. Foi um dos fatores que conduziriam à declaração da lei marcial em 1972. (pt)
- 一季风暴（菲律賓語：Sigwa ng Unang Kuwatro）是菲律宾的一个民间动乱时期，由一系列激烈的反对政府的示威、抗议、游行组成，时间是1970年1月至3月，即1970年第一季度。学生积极分子在这些示威活动中发挥了重要作用，表达了他们对该国经济危机和帝国主义猖獗的谴责。这些暴力抗议，以及他们随后发起的抗议活动，是导致1972年宣布戒严的主要因素。 (zh)
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- 56461 (xsd:nonNegativeInteger)
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- *Economic inequality
*Philippine government support of the American intervention in the Vietnam War (en)
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- *remove internal issues in schools
*address poverty, economic crisis
*call for systemic change in the government (en)
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- Ferdinand Marcos (en)
- Imelda Marcos (en)
- Jose W. Diokno (en)
- Fernando Lopez (en)
- Emmanuel Pelaez (en)
- Manuel Yan (en)
- Ninoy Aquino (en)
- Edgar Jopson (en)
- Ernesto S. Mata (en)
- Benjamin Maynigo
----
Jose Maria Sison (en)
- Bonifacio Ilagan (en)
- Chito Sta. Romana (en)
- Lorenzo Tañada (en)
- Portia Ilagan (en)
- Ruben Torres (en)
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| dbp:methods
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- *demonstrations, protests, and marches by students, labor unions, and civic groups (en)
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- Manila, Quezon City and various parts of Rizal province (en)
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- Violent dispersal of protesters by government forces; radicalization of opposition; used by Marcos as justification for establishing dictatorship (en)
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- Moderate Opposition
* Movement of Concerned Citizens for Civil Liberties
* National Union of Students in the Philippines ,
* National Students League , and
* Young Christian Socialists Movement
* Various labor organizations
----
"Radical" Opposition
* Communist Party of the Philippines
** Kabataang Makabayan
** Samahang Demokratiko ng Kabataan
* Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas-1930
** Malayang Pagkakaisa ng Kabataang Pilipino (en)
- Government
* Philippine Constabulary Metropolitan Command (en)
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- La Tempesta del Primo Trimestre (in filippino Sigwa ng Unang Kuwatro; in inglese First Quarter Storm) fu una serie di proteste nelle Filippine organizzata da attivisti di estrema sinistra tra cui Jose Maria Sison e Bernabe Buscayno, entrambi di idea maoista. La Tempesta del Primo Trimestre durò dal gennaio al marzo 1970 e consisteva in massicce manifestazioni, proteste e marce contro il governo del Presidente filippino Ferdinand Marcos. Fu uno dei principali fattori che portarono alla dichiarazione di legge marziale nelle Filippine nel settembre 1972. (it)
- Tempestade do Primeiro Trimestre (em inglês: First Quarter Storm, em filipino: Sigwa ng Unang Kuwatro) foi um período de distúrbios esquerdistas nas Filipinas, composto por uma série de fortes manifestações, protestos e marchas contra o governo de janeiro a março de 1970, ou no primeiro trimestre de 1970. Foi um dos fatores que conduziriam à declaração da lei marcial em 1972. (pt)
- 一季风暴（菲律賓語：Sigwa ng Unang Kuwatro）是菲律宾的一个民间动乱时期，由一系列激烈的反对政府的示威、抗议、游行组成，时间是1970年1月至3月，即1970年第一季度。学生积极分子在这些示威活动中发挥了重要作用，表达了他们对该国经济危机和帝国主义猖獗的谴责。这些暴力抗议，以及他们随后发起的抗议活动，是导致1972年宣布戒严的主要因素。 (zh)
- The First Quarter Storm (Filipino: Sigwa ng Unang Sangkapat), often shortened into the acronym FQS, was a period of civil unrest in the Philippines which took place during the "first quarter of the year 1970". It included a series of demonstrations, protests, and marches against the administration of President Ferdinand Marcos, mostly organized by students and supported by workers, peasants, and members of the urban poor, from January 26 to March 17, 1970. Protesters at these events raised issues relating to social problems, authoritarianism, alleged election cheating, and corruption under Marcos. (en)
- Der First Quarter Storm, auch First Quarter Storm Movement genannt, war eine linksgerichtete politische Studentenbewegung, die sich von Januar bis März 1970 auf die Hauptstadt der Philippinen Manila und die Region Metro Manila beschränkte. An der Bewegung waren zahlreiche Studentenvereinigungen beteiligt, unter anderem die National Union of Students of the Philippines (NUSP). Die Bewegung war beeinflusst von der 68er-Bewegung, aber auch vom Marxismus und Maoismus. Hauptzentren der Bewegung waren die Universität der Philippinen Diliman, die Universität der Philippinen Manila, die Polytechnic University of the Philippines und die University of the East. (de)
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| rdfs:label
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- First Quarter Storm (de)
- First Quarter Storm (en)
- Tempesta del Primo Trimestre (it)
- Tempestade do Primeiro Trimestre (pt)
- 一季风暴 (zh)
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