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- Double layer forces occur between charged objects across liquids, typically water. This force acts over distances that are comparable to the Debye length, which is on the order of one to a few tenths of nanometers. The strength of these forces increases with the magnitude of the surface charge density (or the electrical surface potential). For two similarly charged objects, this force is repulsive and decays exponentially at larger distances, see figure. For unequally charged objects and eventually at shorted distances, these forces may also be attractive. The theory due to Derjaguin, Landau, Verwey, and Overbeek (DLVO) combines such double layer forces together with Van der Waals forces in order to estimate the actual interaction potential between colloidal particles. An electrical double layer develops near charged surfaces (or another charged objects) in aqueous solutions. Within this double layer, the first layer corresponds to the charged surface. These charges may originate from tightly adsorbed ions, dissociated surface groups, or substituted ions within the crystal lattice. The second layer corresponds to the diffuse layer, which contains the neutralizing charge consisting of accumulated counterions and depleted coions. The resulting potential profile between these two objects leads to differences in the ionic concentrations within the gap between these objects with respect to the bulk solution. These differences generate an osmotic pressure, which generates a force between these objects. These forces are easily experienced when hands are washed with soap. Adsorbing soap molecules make the skin negatively charged, and the slippery feeling is caused by the strongly repulsive double layer forces. These forces are further relevant in many colloidal or biological systems, and may be responsible for their stability, formation of colloidal crystals, or their rheological properties. (en)
- 双电层力（英語：double layer forces）是表征双电层相互作用的物理量，是液体（特别是极性溶剂中，比如水）中，两带电体之间的渗透压，力程与德拜长度大约同量级，即纳米或比纳米小一个量级，大小随带电体表面电荷密度或表面电势的增大而增大。两个带相同电荷的带电体之间的双电层力为排斥力，远离带电体的地方，随二者间距呈指数衰减，如右图所示。两带电体所带电荷不等且间距较小时，双电层力有可能是吸引力。把双电层力和范德瓦耳斯力都考虑进来，可以估计两胶体粒子之间的相互作用势。 水溶液中带电表面附近会形成双电层，第一层是带电表面，第二层是扩散层，包括在带电表面积聚的反离子（counterion, 即电荷与带电表面相反的离子）和排空的共离子（coion, 即电荷与带电表面相图的离子）。两带电体的电势会造成离子在带电体之间有个分布，这种分布会造成渗透压，这就是带电体之间相互作用的来源。 日常生活中可以体验到双电层力。当你用肥皂洗手，吸附在皮肤上的肥皂分子会使皮肤带负电，光滑的感觉就是双电层斥力引起的。双电层力在许多胶体体系和生物体系中有着重要作用，比如直接影响着体系的稳定性和流变性质，以及的形成。 (zh)
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- 双电层力（英語：double layer forces）是表征双电层相互作用的物理量，是液体（特别是极性溶剂中，比如水）中，两带电体之间的渗透压，力程与德拜长度大约同量级，即纳米或比纳米小一个量级，大小随带电体表面电荷密度或表面电势的增大而增大。两个带相同电荷的带电体之间的双电层力为排斥力，远离带电体的地方，随二者间距呈指数衰减，如右图所示。两带电体所带电荷不等且间距较小时，双电层力有可能是吸引力。把双电层力和范德瓦耳斯力都考虑进来，可以估计两胶体粒子之间的相互作用势。 水溶液中带电表面附近会形成双电层，第一层是带电表面，第二层是扩散层，包括在带电表面积聚的反离子（counterion, 即电荷与带电表面相反的离子）和排空的共离子（coion, 即电荷与带电表面相图的离子）。两带电体的电势会造成离子在带电体之间有个分布，这种分布会造成渗透压，这就是带电体之间相互作用的来源。 日常生活中可以体验到双电层力。当你用肥皂洗手，吸附在皮肤上的肥皂分子会使皮肤带负电，光滑的感觉就是双电层斥力引起的。双电层力在许多胶体体系和生物体系中有着重要作用，比如直接影响着体系的稳定性和流变性质，以及的形成。 (zh)
- Double layer forces occur between charged objects across liquids, typically water. This force acts over distances that are comparable to the Debye length, which is on the order of one to a few tenths of nanometers. The strength of these forces increases with the magnitude of the surface charge density (or the electrical surface potential). For two similarly charged objects, this force is repulsive and decays exponentially at larger distances, see figure. For unequally charged objects and eventually at shorted distances, these forces may also be attractive. The theory due to Derjaguin, Landau, Verwey, and Overbeek (DLVO) combines such double layer forces together with Van der Waals forces in order to estimate the actual interaction potential between colloidal particles. (en)
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- Double layer forces (en)
- 双电层力 (zh)
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