Secession in Russia
Secession in Russia typically refers to state secession, which is the withdrawal of one or more states from the Republic of Russia.[1][2]
Summary
[change | change source]This table shows only the list of movements. The source of each movement is cited in its own section. The population of each area is provided for information only.
Asian Russia
[change | change source]Summary
[change | change source]This table shows only the list of movements. The source of each movement is cited in its own section. The population of each area is provided for information only.
Asian Russia
[change | change source]
- Ethnic group: Sibiryak
- Proposed state:
Siberian Republic
- Advocacy movements: Siberskoye Zemlyachestvo (Autonomy Movement), Sibir, Free Siberia, Democratic Siberia
- Movement: Siberian regionalism
- Political parties: Monstration for Siberian Federalization, All-Siberian Democratic Union, Siberian Republican Alliance, Roar of the Taiga (Zov Taugi)
- Organizations: Siberian Agreement, Siberian Regional Organization (Siberskoye Zemlyachestvo)
- Militant organization: Siberian Liberation Army
- Proposed state:
Far Eastern Federal District
[change | change source]
- Ethnic group: Chukchis
- Proposed state:
Chukchi Republic[5]
- Advocacy group: Chukchi National Revival Movement
- Political party: Chukchi National Republican Party
- Militant organization: Chukot Front
- Proposed state:
- Ethnic group: Koryaks
- Proposed state:
Koryakia
- Advocacy groups: Narodovlastie, Chav, Tshsanom
- Movement: Koryak Republican Movement
- Organization: Association of the People of North Kamchatka, Association of the People's of the North Association of Indigenous People of Koryak Autonomous Region
- Proposed state:
- Ethnic groups: Russians, Udeges, Nanais and other various ethnic groups
- Proposed state:
- Socialist:
Far Eastern Republic
- Federalist/Democratic:
Far Eastern Republic
- Socialist:
- Proposed entity: Far Eastern Republic, including all territories from the Far Eastern Republic and/or modern-day federal subjects associated within the former lands of the aforementioned Far Eastern Republic (Note: This includes the modern-day federal subjects such as: Primorsky Krai, Khabarovsk Krai, Jewish Autonomous Oblast, Amur Oblast, Zabaykalsky Krai and Buryatia, sometimes federal subjects such as: Magadan Oblast, Kamchatka Krai and Chukotka Autonomous Okrug and Green Ukraine are included based on maximum extent from 1920. It may rarely or sometimes include all federal subjects in Far Eastern economic region and/or Far Eastern Federal District.)
- Advocacy movements: Far East Forum, Zemyak, Regional Association of the Far East
- Movements: Republican Movement, Far East Independence Movement
- Political party: Alliance of the Pacific Peoples
- Militant organization: Far Eastern People's Front
- Proposed state:
- Ethnic group: Yakuts
- Proposed state:
Sakha Republic
- Political party: Sakha-Amuk
- Proposed state:
- Ethnic group: Buryats
- Proposed state:
Buryatia
- Political party:All-Buryat Association for the Development of Culture
- Proposed state:
- Ethnic group: Ashkenazi Jews
- Proposed state:
Jewish Autonomous Oblast
- Proposed state:
- Ethnic group: Nanai
- Proposed state:
Nanaia
- Advocacy group: Nanai Cultural Assembly
- Political party: Nanai People's Platform
- Proposed state:
Siberian Federal District
[change | change source]
- Ethnic groups: Dolgans, Nenets, Russians
- Proposed federal subject:
Taymyr Autonomous Okrug
- Proposed federal subject:
- Ethnic group: Buryats
- Proposed state:
Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug or unification with
- Proposed state:
- Ethnic group: Altai people
- Proposed state:
Confederated Republic of Altai
- Movement: Altai-Sayun United Movement
- Organizations: Altai Turks Associstion, Kurualtai of the Altai People
- Political parties: Confederal Nation of the Altai Tribes, Ene-Bayat
- Proposed state:
- Ethnic group: Evenks
- Proposed state:
Evenkia[9]
- Advocacy group: Evenki Homeland
- Militant organization: Evenki National Front
- Organization: Evenki Cultural Council
- Proposed state:
- Advocacy group: Khakas Cultural Centre
- Pressure group: Chas Khanat, Khaidzhi
- Organization: Abakan Tun Association of The Khakas, Congress of The Khakas People, Khakas Council of Elders
- Ethnic group: Tuvans
- Proposed state:
Tuva
- Political parties: People's Party of Sovereign Tuva, People's Front "Free Tuva", Tiva Turu
- Ethnic group: Buryats
- Proposed state:
Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous Okrug or unification with
Ural Federal District
[change | change source]
- Ethnic group: Khanty people and Mansi people
- Proposed state:
Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug
- Advocacy movements: Association to Save Yurga, Khanty Way, Mansi Way, Ob-Ugrian Union, Society for the Survival and Socio-Economic Development of the Mansi People, Ugrian Association, Youth Public Organization, Yurga Restoration
- Proposed state:
- Ethnic group: Nenets
- Proposed state:
Yamalia/East Nenetsia
- Advocacy group: Yamal for Future Generations (Association of the Indigenous People of Yamal-Nenets Autonomus Region)
- Proposed state:
European Russia
[change | change source]Summary
[change | change source]This table shows only the list of movements. The source of each movement is cited in its own section. The population of each area is provided for information only.
Ural Federal District
[change | change source]
- People: Russians
- Proposed state:
Ural Republic
- Advocacy groups: Ural Democratic Foundation, Free Ural
- Proposed state:
Volga Federal District
[change | change source]- People: Bashkirs, Chuvash, Erzya, Mari, Mokshas, Tatars, Udmurts
- Proposed state:
Idel-Ural Republic
- Advocacy group: Free Idel-Ural.
- Proposed state:
- Ethnic group: Maris
- Proposed state:
Mari El
- Advocacy group: Mari Ushem
- Proposed state:
- Ethnic group: Mordvins
- Proposed state:
Mordovia[18]
- Advocacy groups: Democracy and Independence Mordvin Front, Moksha Self-Determination Front
- Proposed state:
- People: Tatars
- Militant organisation: All-Tatar Public Center
- Advocacy groups: The Union of Tatar Youth, Tatar Patriotic Front Altyn Urda, Tatar Social Center
- Government in exile: Tatar Government in Exile
- Organization: Ittifaq Party
- Proposed state:
Tatarstan
- Militant organisation: All-Tatar Public Center
- People: Udmurts
- Proposed state:
Udmurtia
- Movement: Congress of the Peoples of Udmurtia
- Advocacy groups:Udmurt Kenesh, Udmurt National Centre, Udmurt National Progress, Odmort
- Political parties: Udmurt Republican National Party, Udmurt National Progress
- Proposed state:
- People: Bashkir
- Advocacy groups: Bashkort Public Organization, Bashkir Human Rights Movement, Council of Aksakals of Bashkortostan, Bashkir Social Movement
- Political party: The Heavenly Wolf
- Proposed state:
Bashkortostan
- Advocacy groups: Bashkort Public Organization, Bashkir Human Rights Movement, Council of Aksakals of Bashkortostan, Bashkir Social Movement
- People: Chuvash
- Proposed state:
Chuvashia
- Movements: Chuvash National Movement, Chuvash Republican Youth
- Organization: Chuvash Ireklekh Society of National-Cultural Rebirth
- Proposed state:
Northwestern Federal District
[change | change source]
- Ethnic group: Nenets
- Proposed state:
West Nenetsia
- Movements: Nenet National Movement, Hasava United Movement
- Advocacy groups: Yasavei, National Association of Nenets
- Proposed state:
- People: Komi
- Proposed state:
Komi Republic
- Political organizations: Komi Republican Organization
- Advocacy movements: Komi Voityr, Finno-Ugric Peoples Consultative Committee
- Organization: Komi People's Congress
- Proposed state:
- People: Komi and Komi-Permyaks
- Proposed federal subject:
Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug
- Proposed federal subject:
- People: Russian
- Proposed state:
Kaliningrad[28]
- Proposed autonomous area:
- Proposed state:
Southern Federal District
[change | change source]
- People: Kuban Cossacks
- Advocacy movements: Community of the Don-Kuban-Terek Citizens, Klin-Yar, Kuban Cossack Host, Kuban Cossacks of the Kuban Host Autonomy Movement, Kuban Cossack Youth, New Kuban Cossack Association, Southern Regional Resource Center, Union of Cossack Republics of Southern Russia
- Militant organization: Kuban Cossack Army
- Political parties: Free Cossack Movement, Lapin, Movement for the Federalizations of Kuban, Union of the Cossack Hosts of Russia, Union of the Cossack Hosts of Russia and Abroad, Committee for the Liberation of the Kuban
- Political organizations: Cossack Congress, Cossacks of the Kuban Rada
- Proposed state:
Kuban People's Republic (proclaimed in 1918), Kuban Republic (attempted to proclaim in 1991 as part of Union of Cossack Republics in Southern Russia in Union of Sovereign States that never founded both) Currently asking for federalisation (Now consist of Krasnodar Krai and accommodates the republics of Adygea, Karachay-Cherkessia, and parts of Stavropol Krai).
- Advocacy movements: Community of the Don-Kuban-Terek Citizens, Klin-Yar, Kuban Cossack Host, Kuban Cossacks of the Kuban Host Autonomy Movement, Kuban Cossack Youth, New Kuban Cossack Association, Southern Regional Resource Center, Union of Cossack Republics of Southern Russia
- People: Don Cossacks
- Proposed state:
Don Republic / Rostov Oblast
- Proposed state:
- People: Kalmyk people
- Proposed state:
Kalmykia
- Proposed state:
North Caucasian Federal District
[change | change source]
- People: Chechens
- Militant organisation: Chechen separatists
- Proposed state:
Chechen Republic of Ichkeria (government in exile)[35][36][37][38]
- People: Abazins
- Advocacy groups: Abaza Adkilra, Abaza Yurdu, Abzanhara, Unity (Adgylara)
- Organization: World Congress of Abkhaz-Abazin People
- Proposed state:
Abazinia
- Proposed entity: Abazinia, including all ethnic Abazin parts and/or districts of Karachay-Cherkessia, Stavropol Krai and Kabardino-Balkaria or solely the rural locality of Psyzh
- People: Circassians
- Movement: Circassian nationalism; Circassian Congress; Circassian Youth Initiative; Adyge Djegi; Adyghe Khase; International Circassian Association (member of UNPO)
- Proposed entity: Circassia, including all regions historically included in Circassia and/or inhabited by Circassians (note: this includes Adygea as well as north Kabardino-Balkaria, north Karachay–Cherkessia, south-east Krasnodar Krai, and south Stavropol Krai)
- People: Aghuls
- Advocacy groups: Agul Gelinbatan, Arhaval
- Proposed state:
Aghulistan[42]
- Proposed entity: Aghulistan, including all ethnic Aghul parts and/or districts of Dagestan
- Aghulistan coverage area: Aghulsky
- People: Avars
- Advocacy groups: High-landers (Maarulal)
- Political party: Avar National Union-Iman Shamil
- Proposed state:
- Republican:
Avar Republic
- Monarchist:
Avar Khanate
- Republican:
- Proposed entity: Avaria, including all ethnic Avar parts and/or districts of Dagestan
- Avaria coverage area : Kazbekov, Gergebil, Shamil, Akhvakh, Kunzakh, Gunib, Charodin, Tlyaratin, Tsuntin, Tsumadin, Gumbetov, Untsukulsky, Kizilyurt, Botlikh, Khasavyurt, Bezhtin, Tarumov, Kizlyar
- Advocacy groups: High-landers (Maarulal)
- People: Dargins
- Proposed state:Darginstan[44][45]
- Advocacy group: Free Society of Dargo
- Proposed entity:
Darginstan, including all ethnic Dargin parts and/or districts of Dagestan
- Darginstan coverage area: Dakhadayev, Sergokalin, Kaytag, Akushin, Levashin
- Proposed state:Darginstan[44][45]
- People: Ingush
- Advocacy groups: Zaschita
- Militant organizations: Ingush Self Defense Force, Ingush National Front
- Political party: Ingush People Council
- Proposed state:
Ingushetia[46]
- Proposed state:
- People: Balkars, Karachays
- Movement: Various nationalist organisations in Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay–Cherkessia
- Goals: Autonomy for the
Karachay and
Balkaria, rather than in biethnic republics where they must share power with Russians and Circassians (division of Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay–Cherkessia into smaller units, also popular for Circassian nationalists). Then, the unification of Karachay and Balkar units is advocated by some but not all nationalists (see Balkar and Karachai nationalism)
- Proposed autonomous republic: Karachay-Balkar Republic (includes south Kabardino-Balkaria and south Karachey-Cherkessia)
- People: Kumyks
- Proposed state:
Kumykia
- Proposed entity: Kumykia, including all ethnic Kumyk parts and/or districts of Dagestan, Chechnya and Ingushetia.
- Kumykia coverage area: Babayurt, Kumtorkalin, Buynak,Karabudakhkent, Kayakent, Makhachkala
- Proposed state:
- People: Laks
- Proposed state:
Lakia[47]
- Proposed entity: Lakia, including all ethnic Lak parts and/or districts of Dagestan
- Movements: Kazi Kumuk, Lakistan, Lak Language Group, Lak National Movement (New Star/Tsu Barz), Lakral Sharhurdu, New Lak Popular Movement (Novo-Lak), Tariqat (Movement)/Tariqat, Tsudahar
- Political organizations: Lak National Council
- Lakistan coverage area: Kulin, Laksky, New Lakia
- Proposed state:
- People: Lezgins
- Proposed state: Lezgistan[48]
- Proposed entity: Lezgistan, including all ethnic Lezgin parts and/or districts of Dagestan
- Movement: Lezgin nationalism, Lezgin Movement of Caucasian Albania
- Advocacy movement: Lezgin National Center
- Political party: Lezgin Patriotic Union
- Organization: Federal Lezgin National Cultural Autonomy (member of UNPO)
- Lezgistan coverage area: Suleiman-Stal, Magaramkent, Kurakh, Dokuzparin, Akhtyn, Derbent
- People: Nogais
- Proposed state:
Nogaia[49]
- Proposed entity: Nogaia, including all ethnic Nogai parts and/or districts of Dagestan, Chechnya and Astrakhan Oblast
- Movement: Association of Nogais of Dagestan
- Political party: Birlik
- Organization: Assembly of Turkic Peoples
- Nogaia coverage area: Eastern Nogaia, Western Nogaia
- Proposed state:
- People: Rutuls
- People: Tabasaran
- Proposed state:
Tabasaranstan[52]
- Movement: Tabasaran National Movement
- Militant organization: Tabasaran Republican Front
- Proposed entity: Tabasaranstan, including all ethnic Tabasaran parts and/or districts of Dagestan
- Tabasaranstan coverage area: Khiv, Tabasaransky
- Proposed state:
Maps
[change | change source]-
Мапа Росії без республік та неліквідованих національних округів
-
Проголошення республік у 1990-х роках у Росії
-
Національні автономії та розселення національних меншин в Росії
Related pages
[change | change source]References
[change | change source]- ↑ Minahan, James (2000). One Europe, Many Nations: A Historical Dictionary of European National Groups. ISBN 9780313309847.
- ↑ "Administrative Divisions of Eurasia (In Frederick's Fields)". Alternative History. Retrieved 2022-03-26.
- ↑ "Перспективы сибирского шамана" [Perspectives of the Siberian shaman]. Region Expert (in Russian). 16 December 2019. Retrieved 9 January 2020.
- ↑ "Секретный арест за «сепаратизм»" [Secret arrest for "separatism"]. Region Expert (in Russian). 19 January 2020. Retrieved 9 January 2020.
- ↑ Minahan, James (30 May 2002). Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups Around the World A-Z [4 Volumes]. ISBN 9780313076961.
- ↑ Vorozhko, Tatiana (21 March 2014). "Buryatia has already started talking about independence from Russia". Voice of America (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 31 October 2019.
- ↑ Korolkova, Elizabeth (2017-12-07). ""They keep their dead in the barn": why they cannot bury the dead in Taymyr". Open Russia (in Russian). Archived from the original on 2019-11-14. Retrieved 2019-10-02.
- ↑ Starinova, Julia (2017-07-26). "Taymyr residents again demand a referendum on autonomy". Radio Liberty (in Russian). Retrieved 2019-10-02.
- ↑ Minahan, James (30 May 2002). Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups Around the World A-Z [4 Volumes]. ISBN 9780313076961.
- ↑ Libman, Alexander; Rochlitz, Michael (2019). Federalism in China and Russia. ISBN 9781788972192.
- ↑ York), Eastwest Institute (New (2000). The Republics and Regions of the Russian Federation: A Guide to Politics, Policies, and Leaders. ISBN 9780765605597.
- ↑ Giuliano, Elise (15 March 2011). Constructing Grievance: Ethnic Nationalism in Russia's Republics. ISBN 9780801460722.
- ↑ Andrey, Romanov (28 May 2019). "The Urals will become free, even if the West will save Moscow". Region Expert (in Russian). Retrieved 16 September 2019.
- ↑ "Ural Republic is the future". After Empire (in Russian). 17 October 2017. Archived from the original on 29 October 2019. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
- ↑ Bugai, Janusz (9 January 2020). "Uprising of the Russian administrative divisions". Region Expert (in Russian). Retrieved 16 January 2020.
- ↑ Goble, Paul (2018-03-24). "Free Idel-Ural Movement takes shape in Kyiv". Euromaidan Press. Retrieved 2019-09-16.
- ↑ Podobed, Pavel (12 April 2019). "Tatarstan is silent, suffering, waiting for an opportunity". ZN UA (in Russian). Retrieved 30 October 2019.
- ↑ "Ответ удален".
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 Eltsov, Peter (3 August 2019). "The Best Way to Deal With Russia: Wait for It to Implode". Politico. Retrieved 9 October 2019.
- ↑ Alpout, Ramadan (5 June 2019). "Members of the Tatar "government in exile" ask the Russian opposition to recognize the independence of the Idel-Ural republics". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (in Russian). Retrieved 30 October 2019.
- ↑ Shtepa, Vadim (19 June 2019). "Independent Tatarstan will not be a colony or a metropolis". Region Expert (in Russian). Retrieved 30 October 2019.
- ↑ "POHC", В Удмуртия появилась организация региональных сепаратистов, archived from the original on 2022-10-07, retrieved 2020-02-08
- ↑ Ashurov, Alexander (19 January 2016). "Longing for sovereignty of Chuvashia inspired in Ukraine". EADaily (in Russian). Retrieved 9 October 2019.
- ↑ "The program of the Komi Republican Association "Doryam Asnymys" ("Protect Yourself")". Region Expert (in Russian). 16 September 2019. Retrieved 9 October 2019.
- ↑ "The site of the movement "Free Ingria" is blocked". Meduza (in Russian). 24 July 2017. Retrieved 22 October 2019.
- ↑ Goble, Paul (30 May 2016). "By Attacking 'Free Ingria' Leader, Moscow Highlights Regionalist Challenge to Itself in Russia's Northwest". Window on Eurasia. Retrieved 22 October 2019.
- ↑ Subbotin, Ivan (6 May 2015). ""We are patriots, not separatists!" Residents of the Komi District hope that autonomy will be returned to them". RIA URA (in Russian). Retrieved 8 October 2019.
- ↑ "Kaliningrad Separatism Again on the Rise", Jamestown
- ↑ "From Siberia to Kaliningrad: The fledgling independence movements gaining traction in Russia". TheGuardian.com. 15 August 2014.
- ↑ "Kuban People's Republic proclaimed in Russia". Region Expert (in Russian). 30 January 2018. Archived from the original on 13 October 2019. Retrieved 13 October 2019.
- ↑ Kramer, Andrew E. (4 August 2015). "Cossacks Face Grim Reprisals from Onetime Allies in Eastern Ukraine". The New York Times.
- ↑ "Refworld | Cossack Separatism Again on the Rise".
- ↑ "Kalmyks Protest Donbas Separatist Who Was Appointed Mayor of Republican Capital". 21 October 2019.
- ↑ "Refworld | World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples - Russian Federation : Kalmyks".
- ↑ The Putin-Osama Connection Archived 16 January 2009 at the Wayback Machine, Frontpage Magazine, 16 January 2008
- ↑ Sengupta and Chatterjee. Globalizing Geographies: Perspectives from Eurasia. 15 December 2014. (page number not shown on page, but is available by text search): "The Chechen Republic of Ichkeria has collapsed and since then only remains a government in exile"
- ↑ Julia Wong (6 June 2017). "Facebook blocks Chechnya activist page in latest case of wrongful censorship". The Guardian. quote = "The group is supportive of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, an unrecognized government consisting of exiled leaders from the wars for independence."
- ↑ Liz Fuller (6 June 2017). "Facts In Attack On National Guard In Chechnya Questioned". RFERL. quote= "Akhmed Zakayev, the head of the independent Chechen Republic Ichkeria government in exile, similarly told Kavkaz.Realii that he was absolutely certain the Naurskaya attackers had no ties to IS or to any other terrorist group."
- ↑ "Abhazyam".
- ↑ "Search results from Newspaper". Library of Congress.
- ↑ "Seldon News".
- ↑ "The Economist". 1998.
- ↑ "TRT World".
- ↑ "Dargins". 19 June 2015.
- ↑ "Dagestan: Russian Hegemony and Islamic Resistance in the North Caucasus".
- ↑ "Symbolism of the Caucasus". Archived from the original on 2019-12-22. Retrieved 2020-02-08.
- ↑ Minahan, James (2000). One Europe, Many Nations: A Historical Dictionary of European National Groups. ISBN 9780313309847.
- ↑ Minahan, James (2002). Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: L-R. ISBN 9780313321115.
- ↑ "The Anthropology of East Europe Review". 1998.
- ↑ "Rutulians (Rutuli)". 2013-06-10. Archived from the original on 2020-02-20. Retrieved 2020-02-08.
- ↑ Minahan, James B. (August 2016). Encyclopedia of Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups around the World, 2nd Edition: Ethnic and National Groups around the World. ISBN 9781610699549.
- ↑ Minahan, James B. (August 2016). Encyclopedia of Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups around the World, 2nd Edition: Ethnic and National Groups around the World. ISBN 9781610699549.