Zorii Aurii (Grecia)

Acest articol se referă la un partid politic din Grecia. Pentru o mișcare ocultă din Marea Britanie, vedeți Zorii Aurii.

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Zorii Aurii
Χρυσή Αυγή

Președinte	Nikolaos Michaloliakos
Purtător de cuvânt	Ilias Kasidiaris
Date
Înființat	1 noiembrie 1993
Sediu	Atena
Ziar	Χρυσή Αυγή (Chrysi Avgi)
Organizație de tineret	Frontul de Tineret
Informații
Ideologie oficială	Metaxism^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4] Ultranaționalism grec^[5]^[6]^[7] Megali Idea^[8] Neonazism^[9] Neofascism^[10]^[11]^[12] Conservatorism social^[13] Conservatorism național^[14] Naționalism economic^[15] Euroscepticism dur^[16]^[17]^[18]^[19] Populism de dreapta^[20] Antiglobalism^[21] Anticomunism^[22] Islamofobie^[23]^[24] Antisemitism^[25]^[26] Antiturcism^[27] Antiimigrație^[28]
Poziție politică	Extrema dreaptă^[29]^[30]^[31]^[32]^[33]
Grup europarlamentar	Neafiliat
Culori oficiale	Negru, roșu, alb
Prezență online
http://www.xryshaygh.com/
Modifică date / text

Zorii Aurii (în greacă Χρυσή Αυγή, transliterat: Chrysí Avgí) este numele unui partid politic ultranaționalist^[34] din Grecia. A fost fondat în 1993 de către Nikolaos Michaloliakos, simpatizant nazist și negaționist al Holocaustului. În urma alegerilor legislative din mai 2012 a intrat în Parlamentul țării, obținând 21 de mandate. În 2015 în urma alegerilor legislative din septembrie, a câștigat 18 mandate, clasându-se pe locul 3.^[35]

A atins un apogeu în 2015, când era a treia forță politică a țării, moment în care adepții lui au lansat numeroase atacuri împotriva adversarilor politici. În urma asasinării rapperului antifascist Pavlos Fyssas de către un membru al partidului, Zorii Aurii a fost anchetat ca organizație criminală. Procesul a relevat organizarea paramilitară a partidului și a dus la o scădere de popularitate a acestuia, care nu a mai intrat în parlament la alegerile din 2019. În 2020, Michaloliakos a fost condamnat la 13 ani de închisoare pentru conducerea unei organizații criminale, iar alți lideri la pedepse privatoare de libertate mai mici.^[36]

Note

^ Evdoxios Doxiadis, Aimee Placas as ed. Living Under Austerity: Greek Society in Crisis, Berghahn Books, 2018, ISBN: 1785339346, p. 83.
^ Erik Sjöberg, The Making of the Greek Genocide: Contested Memories of the Ottoman Greek Catastrophe, Berghahn Books, 2016, ISBN: 1785333267, p. 143.
^ Vasilopolou, Sofia (2015). The Golden Dawn's 'Nationalist Solution': Explaining the Rise of the Far Right in Greece. Springer.
^ Eroare la citare: Etichetă <ref> invalidă; niciun text nu a fost furnizat pentru referințele numite selfdesc
^ Tsatsanis, Emmanouil (2011), „Hellenism under siege: the national-populist logic of antiglobalization rhetoric in Greece”, Journal of Political Ideologies, 16 (1): 11–31, doi:10.1080/13569317.2011.540939, ... and far right-wing newspapers such as Alpha Ena, Eleytheros Kosmos, Eleytheri Ora and Stohos (the mouthpiece of ultra-nationalist group Chrysi Avgi).
^ Ivarsflaten, Elisabeth (2006), Reputational Shields: Why Most Anti-Immigrant Parties Failed in Western Europe, 1980–2005 (PDF), Nuffield College, University of Oxford, p. 15
^ On the Road with Golden Dawn, Greece’s Ultra-Nationalist Party. Time. Published 31 October 2012. Retrieved 11 March 2017.
^ Μιχαλολιάκος: Του χρόνου στην Κωνσταντινούπολη, στην Σμύρνη, στην Τραπεζούντα…. Stochos (în greacă). 31 decembrie 2012. Accesat în 3 noiembrie 2013.
^ Eroare la citare: Etichetă <ref> invalidă; niciun text nu a fost furnizat pentru referințele numite extremismreport
^ „Calls for coup, firing squads: Greek far right angry at name deal”. Al-Jazeera. 15 iunie 2018.
^ „Golden Dawn tarnished”. Politico. 29 aprilie 2015.
^ „Neo-fascist Greek party takes third place in wave of voter fury”. The Guardian. 21 septembrie 2015.
^ Sotiris, Panagiotis (2018). Crisis, Movement, Strategy: The Greek Experience. BRILL. p. 196.
^ O'Reilly, Gerry (2019). Aligning Geopolitics, Humanitarian Action and Geography in Times of Conflict. Springer. p. 47.
^ Rose, William (2014). „Thirties Throwbacks: Explaining the Electoral Breakthroughs of Jobbik and Golden Dawn” (PDF). Tufts University. ^{[nefuncțională]}
^ Antonis Galanopoulos: Greek right-wing populist parties and Euroscepticism(PDF), p.2 "Golden Dawn is also Eurosceptical and it is opposing Greece's participation in the European Union and the Eurozone"
^ France24: A look at the European Parliament's eurosceptic parties, Golden Dawn, Greece
^ "Greek election 2015: Golden Dawn rises on austerity-driven despair". The Guardian. "In successive opinion surveys, the virulently ... anti-EU party has emerged as Greece's third-biggest political force"
^ "Anti-EU parties celebrate election success". Financial Times, 26 May 2014
^ Ekström, Mats (3 iulie 2018). „Right-wing populism and the dynamics of style: a discourse-analytic perspective on mediated political performances”. Palgrave Communications. 4 (83). doi:10.1057/s41599-018-0132-6 .
^ "The Golden Dawn: A love of power and a hatred of difference on the rise in the cradle of democracy". The Independent, 14 October 2012. "The economic ethos of European neo-fascism, from the Golden Dawn to the British National Party, has historically been anti-neoliberal and anti-globalization"
^ „Χυδαίος αντικομμουνισμός από τη ναζιστική Χρυσή Αυγή στη Βουλή – 902.gr”. 15 octombrie 2015. Accesat în 15 august 2017.
^ „Traversing ideological boundaries: Islamophobia in Greece : Counter-Islamophobia Kit”. cik.leeds.ac.uk. Arhivat din original la 10 decembrie 2018. Accesat în 16 februarie 2021.
^ Agency, Anadolu (22 ianuarie 2015). „Greek far right party Golden Dawn rally targets Islam”. Daily Sabah.
^ „Antisemitism in Greece today - Executive Summary | Heinrich Böll Stiftung - Thessaloniki Office”. Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung.
^ „Why is Greece the most anti-Semitic country in Europe?”. Haaretz.com.
^ „Neo-Nazi Golden Dawn says Istanbul will be Greek”. Hürriyet Daily News.
^ Helena Smith; Patrick Kingsley (8 aprilie 2016). „Greece resumes migrant deportations to Turkey”. The Guardian. Accesat în 10 aprilie 2016.
^ The Rise of Golden Dawn: The New Face of the Far Right in Greece. Pages 543-565. Author - Antonis A. Ellinas. Published in 2013. South European Society and Politics. Routledge Taylor & Francis Group. ISSN 1360-8746 (Print) 1743-9612 (Online).
^ Nordsieck, Wolfram (2015). „Greece”. Parties and Elections in Europe.
^ Twitter blocks account of Greece’s far-right Golden Dawn party. Euronews. Author - Alice Cuddy. Last updated on 5 January 2018. Retrieved 4 May 2018.
^ Golden Dawn: Greek far-right party's headquarters attacked with sledgehammers. The Independent. Author - Lizzie Dearden. Published 31 March 2017. Retrieved 4 May 2018.
^ How Lesbos residents drove the far-right Golden Dawn party off the island. Public Radio International. Author - Halima Kazem-Stojanovic. Published 12 September 2017. Retrieved 4 May 2018.
^ Gemenis, Kostas; Nezi, Roula (ianuarie 2012), The 2011 Political Parties Expert Survey in Greece (PDF), University of Twente, p. 4, Interestingly, the placement of the extreme right Chrysi Avyi does not seem to be influenced by this bias, although this has more do with the lack of variance in the data (32 out of 33 experts placed the party on 10) Repoussi, Maria (2009), „Battles over the national past of Greeks: The Greek History Textbook Controversy 2006–2007” (PDF), Geschichte für Heute. Zeitschrift für Historisch-politische Bildung (1): 5 Grumke, Thomas (2003), „The transatlantic dimension of right-wing extremism”, Human Rights Review, 4 (4): 56–72, doi:10.1007/s12142-003-1021-x, On 24 octombrie 1998 the Greek right-wing extremist organization Chrisi Avgi ("Golden Dawn") was the host for the "5th European Youth Congress" in Thessaloniki.
^ Valentin Vidu - Mediafax (26 ianuarie 2015), Componenţa definitivă a Parlamentului Greciei, Mediafax.ro
^ Redacția (14 octombrie 2020), „Președintele partidului neonazist Zori Aurii a fost condamnat la 13 ani închisoare, alături de mai mulți lideri ai formațiunii”, G4Media.ro, accesat în 14 octombrie 2020

[1] Evdoxios Doxiadis, Aimee Placas as ed. Living Under Austerity: Greek Society in Crisis, Berghahn Books, 2018, ISBN: 1785339346, p. 83.

[2] Erik Sjöberg, The Making of the Greek Genocide: Contested Memories of the Ottoman Greek Catastrophe, Berghahn Books, 2016, ISBN: 1785333267, p. 143.

[3] Vasilopolou, Sofia (2015). The Golden Dawn's 'Nationalist Solution': Explaining the Rise of the Far Right in Greece. Springer.

[selfdesc-4] Eroare la citare: Etichetă <ref> invalidă; niciun text nu a fost furnizat pentru referințele numite selfdesc

[5] Tsatsanis, Emmanouil (2011), „Hellenism under siege: the national-populist logic of antiglobalization rhetoric in Greece”, Journal of Political Ideologies, 16 (1): 11–31, doi:10.1080/13569317.2011.540939, ... and far right-wing newspapers such as Alpha Ena, Eleytheros Kosmos, Eleytheri Ora and Stohos (the mouthpiece of ultra-nationalist group Chrysi Avgi).

[6] Ivarsflaten, Elisabeth (2006), Reputational Shields: Why Most Anti-Immigrant Parties Failed in Western Europe, 1980–2005 (PDF), Nuffield College, University of Oxford, p. 15

[7] On the Road with Golden Dawn, Greece’s Ultra-Nationalist Party. Time. Published 31 October 2012. Retrieved 11 March 2017.

[stoxos.gr-8] Μιχαλολιάκος: Του χρόνου στην Κωνσταντινούπολη, στην Σμύρνη, στην Τραπεζούντα…. Stochos (în greacă). 31 decembrie 2012. Accesat în 3 noiembrie 2013.

[extremismreport-9] Eroare la citare: Etichetă <ref> invalidă; niciun text nu a fost furnizat pentru referințele numite extremismreport

[10] „Calls for coup, firing squads: Greek far right angry at name deal”. Al-Jazeera. 15 iunie 2018.

[11] „Golden Dawn tarnished”. Politico. 29 aprilie 2015.

[12] „Neo-fascist Greek party takes third place in wave of voter fury”. The Guardian. 21 septembrie 2015.

[13] Sotiris, Panagiotis (2018). Crisis, Movement, Strategy: The Greek Experience. BRILL. p. 196.

[14] O'Reilly, Gerry (2019). Aligning Geopolitics, Humanitarian Action and Geography in Times of Conflict. Springer. p. 47.

[15] Rose, William (2014). „Thirties Throwbacks: Explaining the Electoral Breakthroughs of Jobbik and Golden Dawn” (PDF). Tufts University. ^{[nefuncțională]}

[euroscrepticism5-16] Antonis Galanopoulos: Greek right-wing populist parties and Euroscepticism(PDF), p.2 "Golden Dawn is also Eurosceptical and it is opposing Greece's participation in the European Union and the Eurozone"

[euroscrepticism6-17] France24: A look at the European Parliament's eurosceptic parties, Golden Dawn, Greece

[euroscrepticism7-18] "Greek election 2015: Golden Dawn rises on austerity-driven despair". The Guardian. "In successive opinion surveys, the virulently ... anti-EU party has emerged as Greece's third-biggest political force"

[euroscrepticism8-19] "Anti-EU parties celebrate election success". Financial Times, 26 May 2014

[20] Ekström, Mats (3 iulie 2018). „Right-wing populism and the dynamics of style: a discourse-analytic perspective on mediated political performances”. Palgrave Communications. 4 (83). doi:10.1057/s41599-018-0132-6 .

[anti-globalization9-21] "The Golden Dawn: A love of power and a hatred of difference on the rise in the cradle of democracy". The Independent, 14 October 2012. "The economic ethos of European neo-fascism, from the Golden Dawn to the British National Party, has historically been anti-neoliberal and anti-globalization"

[22] „Χυδαίος αντικομμουνισμός από τη ναζιστική Χρυσή Αυγή στη Βουλή – 902.gr”. 15 octombrie 2015. Accesat în 15 august 2017.

[23] „Traversing ideological boundaries: Islamophobia in Greece : Counter-Islamophobia Kit”. cik.leeds.ac.uk. Arhivat din original la 10 decembrie 2018. Accesat în 16 februarie 2021.

[24] Agency, Anadolu (22 ianuarie 2015). „Greek far right party Golden Dawn rally targets Islam”. Daily Sabah.

[25] „Antisemitism in Greece today - Executive Summary | Heinrich Böll Stiftung - Thessaloniki Office”. Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung.

[26] „Why is Greece the most anti-Semitic country in Europe?”. Haaretz.com.

[27] „Neo-Nazi Golden Dawn says Istanbul will be Greek”. Hürriyet Daily News.

[Smith104-28] Helena Smith; Patrick Kingsley (8 aprilie 2016). „Greece resumes migrant deportations to Turkey”. The Guardian. Accesat în 10 aprilie 2016.

[29] The Rise of Golden Dawn: The New Face of the Far Right in Greece. Pages 543-565. Author - Antonis A. Ellinas. Published in 2013. South European Society and Politics. Routledge Taylor & Francis Group. ISSN 1360-8746 (Print) 1743-9612 (Online).

[Nordsieck-30] Nordsieck, Wolfram (2015). „Greece”. Parties and Elections in Europe.

[31] Twitter blocks account of Greece’s far-right Golden Dawn party. Euronews. Author - Alice Cuddy. Last updated on 5 January 2018. Retrieved 4 May 2018.

[32] Golden Dawn: Greek far-right party's headquarters attacked with sledgehammers. The Independent. Author - Lizzie Dearden. Published 31 March 2017. Retrieved 4 May 2018.

[33] How Lesbos residents drove the far-right Golden Dawn party off the island. Public Radio International. Author - Halima Kazem-Stojanovic. Published 12 September 2017. Retrieved 4 May 2018.

[34] Gemenis, Kostas; Nezi, Roula (ianuarie 2012), The 2011 Political Parties Expert Survey in Greece (PDF), University of Twente, p. 4, Interestingly, the placement of the extreme right Chrysi Avyi does not seem to be influenced by this bias, although this has more do with the lack of variance in the data (32 out of 33 experts placed the party on 10) Repoussi, Maria (2009), „Battles over the national past of Greeks: The Greek History Textbook Controversy 2006–2007” (PDF), Geschichte für Heute. Zeitschrift für Historisch-politische Bildung (1): 5 Grumke, Thomas (2003), „The transatlantic dimension of right-wing extremism”, Human Rights Review, 4 (4): 56–72, doi:10.1007/s12142-003-1021-x, On 24 octombrie 1998 the Greek right-wing extremist organization Chrisi Avgi ("Golden Dawn") was the host for the "5th European Youth Congress" in Thessaloniki.

[35] Valentin Vidu - Mediafax (26 ianuarie 2015), Componenţa definitivă a Parlamentului Greciei, Mediafax.ro

[G4Media.ro_2020-10-14-36] Redacția (14 octombrie 2020), „Președintele partidului neonazist Zori Aurii a fost condamnat la 13 ani închisoare, alături de mai mulți lideri ai formațiunii”, G4Media.ro, accesat în 14 octombrie 2020

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