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Degradable, thermo-sensitive poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide)-based scaffolds with controlled porosity for tissue engineering applications

Biomacromolecules. 2010 Oct 11;11(10):2583-92. doi: 10.1021/bm100521x.

Abstract

We have developed a thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide)-based scaffold with degradability and controlled porosity. Biodegradable poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) hydrogels were synthesized by photocopolymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide with 2-methylene-1,3-dioxepane and polycaprolactone dimethacrylate. The hydrogels' phase transition temperature, swelling, and viscoelastic properties, as well as hydrolytic degradability at 25 and 37 °C, were explored. A sphere-templating technique was applied to fabricate hydrogel scaffolds with controllable pore size and a highly interconnected porous structure. The scaffold pore diameter change as a function of temperature was evaluated and, as expected, pores decreased in diameter when the temperature was raised to 37 °C. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test results suggested neither the scaffolds nor their degradation products were cytotoxic to NIH3T3 cells. Scaffolds with 55 ± 5 μm pore diameter were loaded with NIH3T3 cells and then were warmed to 37 °C entrapping cells in pores approximately 39 μm in diameter, a size range we have found to be optimal for angiogenesis and biointegration. Cells showed uniform infiltration and an elongated morphology after 7 days of culture. Due to the controlled monodisperse pore diameter, highly interconnected architecture, fully degradable chemistry and thermoresponsive properties, the polyNIPAM-based scaffolds developed here are attractive for applications in tissue engineering.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Acrylamides / adverse effects
  • Acrylamides / chemical synthesis
  • Acrylamides / chemistry*
  • Acrylic Resins
  • Animals
  • Biocompatible Materials / adverse effects
  • Biocompatible Materials / chemical synthesis
  • Biocompatible Materials / chemistry*
  • Cell Adhesion
  • Cell Survival / drug effects
  • Hydrogels
  • Mice
  • Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
  • Molecular Structure
  • NIH 3T3 Cells
  • Polymers / adverse effects
  • Polymers / chemical synthesis
  • Polymers / chemistry*
  • Porosity
  • Rheology
  • Surface Properties
  • Temperature
  • Tissue Engineering / methods*
  • Tissue Scaffolds / adverse effects
  • Tissue Scaffolds / chemistry*

Substances

  • Acrylamides
  • Acrylic Resins
  • Biocompatible Materials
  • Hydrogels
  • Polymers
  • poly-N-isopropylacrylamide