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Inhibiting Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission selectively prevents the release of cytochrome c during apoptosis

Cell Death Differ. 2007 Jun;14(6):1086-94. doi: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4402107. Epub 2007 Mar 2.

Abstract

Most cell death stimuli trigger the mitochondrial release of cytochrome c and other cofactors that induce caspase activation and ensuing apoptosis. Apoptosis is also associated with massive mitochondrial fragmentation and cristae remodeling. Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), a protein of the mitochondrial fission machinery, has been reported to participate in apoptotic mitochondrial fragmentation. Several theories explaining the mechanisms of cytochrome c release have been proposed. One suggests that it relies on the activation of Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission. Here, we report that downregulation of Drp1 inhibits fragmentation of the mitochondrial network and partially prevents the release of cytochrome c but fails to prevent the release of other mitochondrial factors such as second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase/direct IAP-binding protein with low pI, Omi/HtrA2, adenylate kinase 2 and deafness dystonia peptide/TIMM8a. An explanation for the prevention of cytochrome c release is provided by our observation that inhibiting Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission prevents the mitochondrial release of soluble OPA1 that was proposed to regulate cristae remodeling and complete cytochrome c release during apoptosis. Finally, we observed that downregulation of Drp1 delays but does not inhibit apoptosis, suggesting that mitochondrial fragmentation is not a prerequisite for apoptosis.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adenylate Kinase / metabolism
  • Apoptosis*
  • Caspases / metabolism
  • Cytochromes c / metabolism*
  • Dynamins
  • Flow Cytometry
  • GTP Phosphohydrolases / genetics
  • GTP Phosphohydrolases / metabolism
  • GTP Phosphohydrolases / physiology*
  • HeLa Cells
  • High-Temperature Requirement A Serine Peptidase 2
  • Humans
  • Immunoblotting
  • Isoenzymes / metabolism
  • Membrane Transport Proteins / metabolism
  • Microscopy, Fluorescence
  • Microtubule-Associated Proteins / genetics
  • Microtubule-Associated Proteins / physiology*
  • Mitochondria / metabolism
  • Mitochondria / physiology*
  • Mitochondrial Precursor Protein Import Complex Proteins
  • Mitochondrial Proteins / genetics
  • Mitochondrial Proteins / metabolism
  • Mitochondrial Proteins / physiology*
  • RNA Interference
  • Serine Endopeptidases / metabolism

Substances

  • Isoenzymes
  • Membrane Transport Proteins
  • Microtubule-Associated Proteins
  • Mitochondrial Precursor Protein Import Complex Proteins
  • Mitochondrial Proteins
  • TIMM8A protein, human
  • Cytochromes c
  • Adenylate Kinase
  • adenylate kinase 2
  • Serine Endopeptidases
  • HTRA2 protein, human
  • High-Temperature Requirement A Serine Peptidase 2
  • Caspases
  • GTP Phosphohydrolases
  • OPA1 protein, human
  • DNM1L protein, human
  • Dynamins