Arca de Noé
a embarcação da história de Noé
A Arca de Noé (em hebraico: תיבת נח; Hebraico bíblico: Tevat Noaḥ) é o navio na narrativa do dilúvio de Gênesis (Gênesis 6: a Gênesis 9:) pelo qual Deus poupou Noé, sua família e todos os animais do dilúvio.[2][3] Segundo o Gênesis, Deus deu a Noé instruções para construir a arca. Sete dias antes do dilúvio, Deus disse para Noé entrar na arca com sua família e os animais. A história passa a descrever a arca navegando durante o dilúvio e o posterior recuo das águas, até seu encalhe no Monte Ararat.
A história se repete, com variações, no Alcorão, onde a arca aparece como "Safina Nuh" (em árabe: سفينة نوح "Barco de Noé"). O dilúvio da narrativa de Gênesis é semelhante a inúmeros outros mitos de inundação de diversas culturas. O escrito mais antigo conhecido é o mito de inundação sumério encontrado no Épico de Ziusudra.[4]
As buscas pela Arca de Noé têm sido feitas desde pelo menos a época de Eusébio (c. 275-339 d.C.) até o dias atuais. Não há nenhuma evidência científica para um dilúvio global, e apesar das muitas expedições, não há evidência de que a arca tenha sido encontrada.[5][6][7][8][9][10] Considerando os desafios práticos envolvidos na construção de uma arca grande o suficiente para abrigar todos os animais atuais, e também as plantas, teria sido impossível tal construção.[11]
- ↑ Sherter, Alain. «Visitors, protesters turn out for Ark Encounter opening in Grant County». wkyt.com (em inglês). Consultado em 27 de janeiro de 2018
- ↑ Graves, Robert; Patai, Raphael (1986). Hebrew Myths: The Book of Genesis. [S.l.]: Random House. 315 páginas. ISBN 9780795337154
- ↑ Schwartz, Howard; Loebel-Fried, Caren; Ginsburg, Elliot K. (2007). Tree of Souls: The Mythology of Judaism. [S.l.]: Oxford University Press. 704 páginas. ISBN 9780195358704
- ↑ Bandstra 2008, pp. 61, 62.
- ↑ Mayell, Hillary (27 de abril de 2004). «Noah's Ark Found? Turkey Expedition Planned for Summer». National Geographic Society. Consultado em 29 de abril de 2010
- ↑ Noah's Ark Quest Dead in Water – National Geographic
- ↑ Fagan, Brian M.; Beck, Charlotte (1996). The Oxford Companion to Archaeology. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195076184. Consultado em 17 de janeiro de 2014
- ↑ Cline, Eric H. (2009). Biblical Archaeology: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0199741077. Consultado em 17 de janeiro de 2014
- ↑ Feder, Kenneth L. (2010). Encyclopedia of Dubious Archaeology: From Atlantis to the Walam Olum. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. ISBN 031337919X. Consultado em 17 de janeiro de 2014
- ↑ Isaak 1998; Young 1995; Isaak 2006; Morton 2001; Isaak 2007, p. 173; Stewart 2010, p. 123; Schadewald 1982, pp. 12–17; Scott 2003.
- ↑ Moore, Robert A. (1983). «The Impossible Voyage of Noah's Ark». Creation Evolution Journal. 4 (1): 1–43
Bibliografia
editar- Bandstra, Barry L. (2008), Reading the Old Testament : An Introduction to the Hebrew Bible, ISBN 0495391050 4th ed. , Belmont, CA: Wadsworth/ Cengage Learning, pp. 61–63
- Blenkinsopp, Joseph (2011), Creation, Un-creation, Re-creation: A Discursive Commentary on Genesis 1–11, ISBN 9780567372871, A&C Black
- Chen, Y.S. (2013), The Primeval Flood Catastrophe: Origins and Early Development in Mesopotamian Traditions, ISBN 9780199676200, OUP Oxford
- Cohn, Norman (1996). Noah's Flood: The Genesis Story in Western Thought. New Haven & London: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-06823-9
- Cotter, David W. (2003). Genesis. [S.l.]: Liturgical Press. ISBN 9780814650400
- Enns, Peter (2012), The Evolution of Adam: What the Bible Does and Doesn't Say about Human Origins, ISBN 9781587433153, Baker Books
- Evans, Gwen (3 de fevereiro de 2009). «Reason or faith? Darwin expert reflects». UW-Madison News. University of Wisconsin-Madison. Consultado em 18 de junho de 2010
- Finkel, Irving L. (2014), The Ark Before Noah: Decoding the Story of the Flood, Hodder & Stoughton
- Gooder, Paula (2005). The Pentateuch: a story of beginnings. [S.l.]: T&T Clark. ISBN 9780567084187
- Hamilton, Victor P. (1990). The book of Genesis: chapters 1–17. [S.l.]: Eerdmans. ISBN 9780802825216
- Isaak, Mark (2007). «Creationist claim CD750». The Counter Creationism Handbook. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. 330 páginas. ISBN 978-0-520-24926-4
- Isaak, Mark (5 de novembro de 2006). «Index to Creationist Claims, Geology». TalkOrigins Archive. Consultado em 2 de novembro de 2010
- Isaak, M. (1998). «Problems with a Global Flood». TalkOrigins Archive. Consultado em 29 de março de 2007.
Isaak no a geologist
- Kessler, Martin; Deurloo, Karel Adriaan (2004). A commentary on Genesis: the book of beginnings. [S.l.]: Paulist Press. ISBN 9780809142057
- Knight, Douglas A. (1990). «Cosmology». In: Watson E. Mills (General Editor). Mercer Dictionary of the Bible. Macon, Georgia: Mercer University Press. ISBN 0-86554-402-6
- Kvanvig, Helge (2011), Primeval History: Babylonian, Biblical, and Enochic: An Intertextual Reading, BRILL
- Lippsett, Lonny (2009). «Noah's Not-so-big Flood: New evidence rebuts controversial theory of Black Sea deluge». Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (em inglês). Consultado em 5 de fevereiro de 2021
- McKeown, James (2008). Genesis. Col: Two Horizons Old Testament Commentary. [S.l.]: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. p. 398. ISBN 0-8028-2705-5
- Morton, Glenn (17 de fevereiro de 2001). «The Geologic Column and its Implications for the Flood». TalkOrigins Archive. Consultado em 2 de novembro de 2010.
Morton not a geologist
- Nigosian, S.A. (2008), From Ancient Writings to Sacred Texts: The Old Testament and Apocrypha, JHU Press
- Numbers, Ronald L. (2006). The Creationists: From Scientific Creationism to Intelligent Design, Expanded Edition. [S.l.]: Harvard University Press. 624 páginas. ISBN 0-674-02339-0
- Parkinson, William (janeiro–fevereiro de 2004). «Questioning 'Flood Geology': Decisive New Evidence to End an Old Debate». National Center for Science Education. NCSE Reports. 24 (1). Consultado em 2 de novembro de 2010
- Schadewald, Robert J. (verão de 1982). «Six Flood Arguments Creationists Can't Answer». National Center for Science Education. Creation/Evolution Journal. 3 (3): 12–17. Consultado em 16 de novembro de 2010
- Schadewald, Robert (1986). «Scientific Creationism and Error». Creation/Evolution. 6 (1): 1–9. Consultado em 29 de março de 2007
- Scott, Eugenie C. (janeiro–fevereiro de 2003), My Favorite Pseudoscience, 23 (1)
- Stewart, Melville Y. (2010). Science and religion in dialogue. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell. 123 páginas. ISBN 1-4051-8921-5
- Young, Davis A. (1995). The Biblical Flood: a case study of the Church's response to extrabiblical evidence. Grand Rapids, Mich: Eerdmans. 340 páginas. ISBN 0-8028-0719-4. Consultado em 16 de setembro de 2008
- Young, Davis A.; Stearley, Ralph F. (2008). The Bible, rocks, and time : geological evidence for the age of the earth. Downers Grove, Ill.: IVP Academic. ISBN 978-0-8308-2876-0
Leituras complementares
editarSobre o Gênesis
editar- Rogerson, John William (1991). Genesis 1–11. [S.l.]: T&T Clark. ISBN 9780567083388
- Sacks, Robert D. (1990). A Commentary on the Book of Genesis. [S.l.]: Edwin Mellen
- Towner, Wayne Sibley (2001). Genesis. [S.l.]: Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 9780664252564
- Von Rad, Gerhard (1972). Genesis: A Commentary. [S.l.]: Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 9780664227456
- Wenham, Gordon (2003). «Genesis». In: James D. G. Dunn; John William Rogerson. Eerdmans Bible Commentary. [S.l.]: Eerdmans. ISBN 9780802837110
- Whybray, R. N. (2001). «Genesis». In: John Barton. Oxford Bible Commentary. [S.l.]: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780198755005
Geral
editar- Aune, David E. (2003). «Cosmology». Westminster Dictionary of the New Testament and Early Christian Literature. [S.l.]: Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 9780664219178
- Batto, Bernard Frank (1992). Slaying the Dragon: Mythmaking in the Biblical Tradition. [S.l.]: Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 9780664253530
- Browne, Janet (1983). The Secular Ark: Studies in the History of Biogeography. New Haven & London: Yale University Press. p. 276. ISBN 0-300-02460-6
- Brueggemann, Walter (2002). Reverberations of faith: a theological handbook of Old Testament themes. [S.l.]: Westminster John Knox. ISBN 9780664222314
- Campbell, Antony F.; O'Brien, Mark A. (1993). Sources of the Pentateuch: texts, introductions, annotations. [S.l.]: Fortress Press. ISBN 9781451413670
- Campbell, A. F.; O'Brien, M. A. (1993). Sources of the Pentateuch: Texts, Introductions, Annotations. [S.l.]: Fortress Press. ISBN 9781451413670
- Carr, David M. (1996). Reading the fractures of Genesis. [S.l.]: Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 9780664220716
- Clines, David A. (1997). The theme of the Pentateuch. [S.l.]: Sheffield Academic Press. ISBN 9780567431967
- Davies, G. I. (1998). «Introduction to the Pentateuch». In: John Barton. Oxford Bible Commentary. [S.l.]: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780198755005
- Kugler, Robert; Hartin, Patrick (2009). The Old Testament between theology and history: a critical survey. [S.l.]: Eerdmans. ISBN 9780802846365
- Levin, Christoph L. (2005). The Old testament: a brief introduction. [S.l.]: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0691113947
- Levin, C. (2005). The Old Testament: A Brief Introduction. [S.l.]: Princeton University Press. ISBN 9780691113944
- Longman, Tremper (2005). How to read Genesis. [S.l.]: InterVarsity Press. ISBN 9780830875603
- McEntire, Mark (2008). Struggling with God: An Introduction to the Pentateuch. [S.l.]: Mercer University Press. ISBN 9780881461015
- Ska, Jean-Louis (2006). Introduction to reading the Pentateuch. [S.l.]: Eisenbrauns. ISBN 9781575061221
- Van Seters, John (1992). Prologue to History: The Yahwist As Historian in Genesis. [S.l.]: Westminster John Knox Press
- Van Seters, John (1998). «The Pentateuch». In: Steven L. McKenzie; Matt Patrick Graham. The Hebrew Bible today: an introduction to critical issues. [S.l.]: Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 9780664256524
- Van Seters, John (2004). The Pentateuch: a social-science commentary. [S.l.]: Continuum International Publishing Group. ISBN 9780567080882
- Walsh, Jerome T. (2001). Style and structure in Biblical Hebrew narrative. [S.l.]: Liturgical Press. ISBN 9780814658970
- Bailey, Lloyd R. (1989). Noah, the Person and the Story. South Carolina: University of South Carolina Press. ISBN 0-87249-637-6
- Campbell, Antony F.; O'Brien, Mark A. (1993). Sources of the Pentateuch: texts, introductions, annotations. [S.l.]: Fortress Press. ISBN 9781451413670
- Campbell, A. F.; O'Brien, M. A. (1993). Sources of the Pentateuch: Texts, Introductions, Annotations. [S.l.]: Fortress Press. ISBN 9781451413670
- Best, Robert M. (1999). Noah's Ark and the Ziusudra Epic. Fort Myers, Florida: Enlil Press. ISBN 0-9667840-1-4
- Compilation (1983). Hornby, Helen, ed. Lights of Guidance: A Bahá'í Reference File. [S.l.]: Bahá'í Publishing Trust, New Delhi, India. ISBN 81-85091-46-3
- Dalrymple, G. Brent (1991). The Age of the Earth. [S.l.]: Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-2331-1
- Emerton, J. A. (1988). Joosten, J., ed. «An Examination of Some Attempts to Defend the Unity of the Flood Narrative in Genesis: Part II». International Organization for the Study of the Old Testament. Vetus Testamentum. XXXVIII (1)
- Nicholson, Ernest W. (2003). The Pentateuch in the twentieth century: the legacy of Julius Wellhausen. [S.l.]: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199257836
- Plimer, Ian (1994). Telling Lies for God: Reason vs Creationism. [S.l.]: Random House Australia. p. 303. ISBN 0-09-182852-X
- Speiser, E. A. (1964). Genesis. Col: The Anchor Bible. [S.l.]: Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-00854-6
- Tigay, Jeffrey H., (1982). The Evolution of the Gilgamesh Epic. [S.l.]: University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia. ISBN 0-8122-7805-4
- Van Seters, John (2004). The Pentateuch: a social-science commentary. [S.l.]: Continuum International Publishing Group. ISBN 9780567080882
- Wenham, Gordon (1994). «The Coherence of the Flood Narrative». In: Hess, Richard S.; Tsumura, David Toshio. I studied inscriptions from before the flood (Google Books). Col: Sources for Biblical and Theological Study. 4. [S.l.]: Eisenbrauns. p. 480. ISBN 0-931464-88-9
- Young, Davis A. The Biblical Flood: A Case Study of the Church's Response to Extrabiblical Evidencedata=março de 1995. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans Pub Co. p. 340. ISBN 0-8028-0719-4
- Douglas, J. D.; Tenney, Merrill C., eds. (2011). Zondervan Illustrated Bible Dictionary. revised by Moisés Silva Revised ed. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Zondervan. ISBN 0310229839