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WO2024216429A1 - 一种气凝胶改性混凝土的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种气凝胶改性混凝土的制备方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024216429A1
WO2024216429A1 PCT/CN2023/088649 CN2023088649W WO2024216429A1 WO 2024216429 A1 WO2024216429 A1 WO 2024216429A1 CN 2023088649 W CN2023088649 W CN 2023088649W WO 2024216429 A1 WO2024216429 A1 WO 2024216429A1
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Prior art keywords
aerogel
parts
concrete
preparation
modified
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PCT/CN2023/088649
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
白元宇
周红杰
刘超
苏文涛
解洪兴
杨念梅
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中科润资(重庆)气凝胶技术研究院有限公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2023/088649 priority Critical patent/WO2024216429A1/zh
Publication of WO2024216429A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024216429A1/zh

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  • the invention belongs to the technical field of building thermal insulation and relates to a method for preparing aerogel modified concrete.
  • Foam concrete is a widely used building insulation material, and optimizing its thermal insulation performance meets the current needs of green and sustainable development.
  • Aerogel is a lightweight solid material with a three-dimensional network structure, nano-scale skeleton and pores. It has the advantages of large specific surface area, high porosity, low density, and extremely low thermal conductivity, and can improve the performance of traditional thermal insulation materials.
  • the main methods currently used include increasing the stirring time, changing the mixing ratio, etc., but most of the existing methods can only improve the mixing of aerogel powder particles in foamed concrete slurry, and cannot effectively achieve uniform mixing.
  • the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
  • a method for preparing aerogel-modified concrete comprises: mixing aerogel with raw materials and auxiliary materials of concrete under vacuum stirring conditions, and then introducing foam under normal pressure conditions and mixing again to obtain the aerogel-modified concrete.
  • the conditions for vacuum stirring specifically include: at an absolute pressure of less than 5KPa
  • the mixture is stirred under the conditions of: vacuum stirring time is no more than 15 min; stirring temperature is 8°C to 30°C.
  • the aerogel is added into the raw materials of the modified concrete.
  • the method of introducing foam includes directly adding a foaming agent, or mixing a foaming agent with water to prepare the foam.
  • the raw material of the aerogel-modified concrete is selected from cement, and the cement includes silicate cement, aluminate cement, sulphoaluminate cement, and magnesium oxychloride cement.
  • the mass ratio of aerogel to cement is (0-30):100 and the content of aerogel is not zero.
  • the particle size of the aerogel is 1 nm-50 nm.
  • the aerogel is selected from hydrophilically modified aerogels and/or hydrophobic aerogels.
  • the aerogel includes hydrophilic modified aerogel and hydrophobic aerogel, wherein the mass ratio of hydrophilic modified aerogel to hydrophobic aerogel is 100:(0-200) and the content of the hydrophobic aerogel is not zero.
  • the mass ratio of the hydrophilic modified aerogel to the hydrophobic aerogel is 100:(100-200).
  • the hydrophilically modified aerogel is a hydrophilically modified aerogel particle.
  • the contact angle between the hydrophilic modified aerogel and water is less than 90°.
  • the contact angle between the hydrophobic aerogel and water is greater than 90°.
  • the auxiliary materials include water, and at least one of the following substances: vitrified microspheres, a water reducing agent, a foaming agent, and fly ash.
  • the addition amount of the auxiliary material is 0.1 to 50 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of cement.
  • the amount of water is 20 to 100 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of cement.
  • the water reducing agent is 0.01-20 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of cement.
  • the water reducer is selected from calcium lignin sulfonate, sodium lignin sulfonate, magnesium lignin sulfonate, sulfonated melamine formaldehyde resin, aromatic aminosulfonate polymer, aliphatic hydroxysulfonate polymer, HSB aliphatic high-efficiency water reducer, casein, polycarboxylic acid-based high-performance water reducer, polyoxyethylene dioleate, tetraethylene glycol monostearate, tetraethylene glycol monooleate, polyoxypropylene mannitol dioleate, polyoxyethylene sorbitol lanolin oleic acid derivatives, polyoxyethylene sorbitol lanolin derivatives, polyoxypropylene stearate, polyoxyethylene (5EO) lanolin ether, anhydrous sorbitan laurate, polyoxyethylene fatty acid, polyoxyethylene oxypropylene ole
  • the fly ash is 0.5-20 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of cement.
  • the auxiliary material may also be selected from one or more of silica fume, ground slag powder, and phosphorus slag powder.
  • the fly ash is selected from fly ash of not less than Grade II in the national standard GB/T 1596-2017 "Fly ash used in cement and concrete".
  • the amount of the vitrified microspheres is 5 to 40 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of cement.
  • the reinforcing fibers are selected from inorganic fibers and organic fibers.
  • the reinforcing fibers are short fibers, specifically fibers with a length of 3 mm to 60 mm.
  • the reinforcing fiber is present in an amount of 0.5-5 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of cement.
  • the temperature during premixing is controlled at 8°C to 30°C.
  • the mass ratio of the foaming agent to the cement is 0.1 to 10:100.
  • the present invention proposes a method for preparing aerogel modified concrete.
  • vacuum stirring is first performed, and then a foaming agent is added and stirred under normal pressure, which effectively overcomes the problem of vacuum in the prior art.
  • the method of the present invention can achieve a better mixing effect and fully exert the function of the foaming agent, thereby preparing a concrete with significantly improved thermal insulation effect and strength.
  • the present invention further introduces hydrophilic modified aerogel, which is easier to mix with concrete slurry.
  • the hydrophilic modified aerogel has better thermal insulation performance.
  • the present invention also proposes a solution of mixing hydrophilic modified aerogel with hydrophobic aerogel. Under the premise of maintaining thermal insulation performance, the strength is kept unchanged. That is, the mixed aerogel has better thermal insulation performance and the strength of concrete does not decrease much.
  • FIG1 is a schematic diagram of a preparation process of aerogel-modified concrete according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of another preparation process of aerogel-modified concrete according to the present invention.
  • FIG3 is a line graph showing the compressive strength variation of the aerogel-modified concrete of the present invention at different aerogel addition amounts.
  • FIG. 4 is a line graph showing the change in thermal conductivity of the aerogel-modified concrete of the present invention at different aerogel addition amounts.
  • the present invention provides a method for preparing aerogel-modified concrete, which comprises: mixing aerogel with raw materials and auxiliary materials of concrete under vacuum stirring conditions, then introducing foam under normal pressure conditions, and mixing again to obtain the aerogel-modified concrete.
  • vacuum stirring is first performed, and then foam is introduced and stirred under normal pressure conditions, so as to achieve a better mixing effect while fully exerting the function of the foaming agent, and a concrete with significantly improved thermal insulation effect and strength is prepared.
  • the conditions for vacuum stirring specifically include: stirring under an absolute pressure of less than 5 KPa; the stirring time is no more than 15 min; and the stirring temperature is 8° C. to 30° C.
  • the aerogel is added to the raw materials of concrete.
  • the aerogel can be added in multiple times to shorten the vacuum stirring time.
  • the number of additions can be selected according to actual conditions, for example, adding in 2-10 times.
  • the raw material of the aerogel modified concrete is selected from cement, including silicate cement, aluminate cement, sulphoaluminate cement, and magnesium oxychloride cement.
  • the cement is silicate cement of grade 42.5 or above.
  • the mass ratio of aerogel to cement is (0-50):100 and the content of aerogel is not 0, for example, 5:100, 10:100, 15:100, 20:100, 25:100, 30:100, 35:100, 40:100, 45:100, 50:100.
  • the particle size of the aerogel is 1 nm-50 nm, preferably 20 nm-50 nm, for example, 1 nm, 10 nm, 20 nm, 30 nm, 40 nm or 50 nm.
  • the aerogel is selected from hydrophilically modified aerogels and/or hydrophobic aerogels.
  • hydrophilic modified aerogel when added, it is easier to mix with concrete slurry. In addition, compared with untreated hydrophobic aerogel, hydrophilic modified aerogel has better thermal insulation performance.
  • the aerogel includes hydrophilic modified aerogel and hydrophobic aerogel, wherein the mass ratio of hydrophilic modified aerogel to hydrophobic aerogel is 100:(0-200) and the content of the hydrophobic aerogel is not zero.
  • hydrophilic modified aerogel is added to concrete, the problem of reduced concrete strength will result.
  • hydrophobic aerogel is introduced at the same time as hydrophilic modified aerogel, the strength can be maintained without reducing while maintaining thermal insulation performance. That is, the mixed aerogel has better thermal insulation performance and the strength of the concrete does not decrease much.
  • the dispersibility of the concrete slurry can also be improved.
  • the mass ratio of the hydrophilic modified aerogel to the hydrophobic aerogel is 100:(150-200), for example, 100:150, 100:160, 100:170, 100:180, 100:190, 100:200.
  • the mass ratio of the hydrophobic aerogel to the hydrophilic modified aerogel is within the above range, the thermal insulation performance of the aerogel-modified concrete can be guaranteed, and the mechanical strength of the aerogel-modified concrete can be maintained.
  • the hydrophilically modified aerogel is a hydrophilically modified aerogel particle.
  • the contact angle between the hydrophilic modified aerogel and water is less than 90°.
  • the surface of the hydrophilic modified aerogel contains hydrophilic groups, and the hydrophilic groups are selected from groups known in the art, such as hydroxyl groups (-OH).
  • the contact angle between the hydrophobic aerogel and water is greater than 90°.
  • the surface of the hydrophobic aerogel contains hydrophobic groups, and the hydrophobic groups are selected from groups known in the art, such as alkoxy groups (-OR, R represents an alkyl group).
  • the auxiliary material includes water and at least one of the following substances: vitrified microspheres, a water reducing agent, reinforcing fibers, a foaming agent, and fly ash.
  • the auxiliary material includes water, vitrified microspheres, a water reducing agent, reinforcing fibers, a foaming agent, and fly ash.
  • the addition amount of the auxiliary material is 0.1 to 50 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of cement.
  • water per 100 parts by mass of cement, is 20 to 100 parts by mass, for example, 20 parts by weight, 30 parts by weight, 40 parts by weight, 50 parts by weight, 60 parts by weight, 70 parts by weight, 80 parts by weight, 90 parts by weight, or 100 parts by weight.
  • the water reducing agent can improve the fluidity of the product during molding and processing; it does not affect the performance of the product, and is non-toxic and reasonably priced.
  • the water reducing agent is 0.01-20 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of cement, for example, 0.1 parts by mass, 1 parts by mass, 5 parts by mass, 10 parts by mass, 15 parts by mass, or 20 parts by mass.
  • the water reducer is selected from calcium lignin sulfonate, sodium lignin sulfonate, magnesium lignin sulfonate, sulfonated melamine formaldehyde resin, aromatic aminosulfonate polymer, aliphatic hydroxysulfonate polymer, HSB aliphatic high-efficiency water reducer, casein, polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducer, polyoxyethylene dioleate, tetraethylene glycol monostearate, tetraethylene glycol monooleate, polyoxypropylene mannitol dioleate, polyoxyethylene sorbitol lanolin oleic acid derivative, polyoxyethylene sorbitol lanolin derivative, polyoxypropylene stearate, polyoxyethylene (5EO) lanolin ether, anhydrous sorbitan laurate, polyoxyethylene fatty acid, polyoxyethylene oxypropylene oleate, trie
  • the amount of the vitrified microspheres is 5 to 40 parts by weight, for example, 10 parts by weight, 20 parts by weight, 30 parts by weight, or 40 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of cement.
  • the vitrified microspheres may be selected from materials known in the art, and are not specifically limited in the present invention.
  • the reinforcing fiber is selected from inorganic fibers and organic fibers, such as polyester fibers, glass fibers, basalt fibers, etc.
  • the reinforcing fiber should be short fibers, specifically fibers with a length of 3 mm to 60 mm, such as 10 mm, 20 mm, 30 mm, 40 mm, 50 mm.
  • the reinforcing fiber is 0.5-5 parts by weight, for example, 0.6 parts by weight, 0.7 parts by weight, 0.8 parts by weight, or 0.9 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of cement.
  • the reinforcing fiber is used as a skeleton filling material to increase the strength of the aerogel modified concrete.
  • the raw materials, auxiliary materials and aerogel of the concrete can also be premixed to obtain a uniform premix.
  • the temperature during premixing is controlled at 8°C to 30°C.
  • the mass ratio of the foaming agent to the cement is 0.1 to 10:100, for example, 0.1:100 or 5:100.
  • the foaming agent can be selected from foaming agents known in the art, for example, selected from rosin resin foaming agents, synthetic surfactant foaming agents, plant protein foaming agents, animal protein foaming agents, hydrogen peroxide foaming agents, ammonium bicarbonate foaming agents, azodicarbonamide foaming agents, aluminum powder foaming agents, alkylbenzene sulfonate foaming agents, and fatty alcohol sulfonate foaming agents.
  • foaming agents known in the art for example, selected from rosin resin foaming agents, synthetic surfactant foaming agents, plant protein foaming agents, animal protein foaming agents, hydrogen peroxide foaming agents, ammonium bicarbonate foaming agents, azodicarbonamide foaming agents, aluminum powder foaming agents, alkylbenzene sulfonate foaming agents, and fatty alcohol sulfonate foaming agents.
  • the foaming agent can be selected from at least one of sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium rosin acid, triterpenoid saponin, sodium ⁇ -olefin sulfonate, and hydrolyzed waste animal hair.
  • the fly ash is 0.5-20 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of cement.
  • the fly ash is selected from one or more of fly ash, silica ash, ground slag powder, and phosphorus slag powder.
  • the fly ash should be fly ash of no less than grade II.
  • the vacuum stirring and stirring are respectively carried out in a high-speed stirring device.
  • the high-speed stirring device can be a high-speed magnetic stirrer, a self-falling stirrer or a forced stirrer.
  • the curing includes: concrete covering and moisture-keeping curing.
  • the moisture-keeping curing refers to curing at 20 ⁇ 2°C and relative humidity of more than 90% for more than 7 days.
  • the invention also provides aerogel modified concrete obtained by the preparation method.
  • the compressive strength of the aerogel-modified concrete is 1 to 10 MPa, for example, 2 MPa, 3 MPa, 4 MPa, 5 MPa, 6 MPa, 7 MPa, 8 MPa, or 9 MPa.
  • Vitrified microspheres particle size is 100 ⁇ m ⁇ 300 ⁇ m.
  • Hydrophobic aerogel Zhongke Runzi Technology Co., Ltd., brand RZF500 or RZF1000.
  • Water reducing agent polyoxyethylene oleate, Jushun Chemical.
  • Foaming agent Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, Shandong Tenghang New Material Technology Co., Ltd.
  • Hydrophilic modification method 1 Take the above hydrophobic aerogel (Zhongke Runzi Technology Co., Ltd., brand RZF500 or RZF1000), heat it at 200-350° C. for 1-10 minutes to obtain a hydrophilic modified aerogel.
  • Hydrophilic modification method 2 Take the above hydrophobic aerogel (Zhongke Runzi Technology Co., Ltd., brand RZF500 or RZF1000), impregnate it with ethanol and dry it to obtain a hydrophilic modified aerogel; it can be naturally dried or heated and dried.
  • the conditions for heating and drying are: high temperature 90-110°C, treatment for 1-10 minutes.
  • the performance of the hydrophilic modified aerogel prepared in Preparation Example 2 is basically equivalent to that in Preparation Example 1, and both hydrophilic modification methods can achieve the hydrophilic modification effect.
  • the preparation method of aerogel modified concrete is as follows:
  • A. Preparation of mixed aerogel mixing hydrophilic modified aerogel and hydrophobic modified aerogel in proportion to obtain aerogel; wherein the mixed aerogel comprises the hydrophilic modified aerogel of Preparation Example 1 and commercially available hydrophobic aerogel, and the mass ratio of the two is 1:1;
  • step A The aerogel obtained in step A is pre-mixed with cement, water, auxiliary materials and aerogel, and then stirred in a mixer to obtain concrete slurry.
  • the specific preparation method is as follows (the following parts are all parts by mass):
  • Pretreatment of concrete powder Take commercially available concrete powder and sieve it through a 100-150 mesh sieve to obtain concrete powder with a particle size of 100-120 mesh;
  • step 2) Mixing dry powder raw materials: 100 parts of the concrete powder in step 1) are mixed with 5 parts of mixed aerogel (including 2.5 parts of hydrophilic modified aerogel) and auxiliary materials at 2-8° C. to obtain a dry powder mixture, wherein the auxiliary materials include: 5 parts of a water reducer;
  • Vacuum stirring add 20-30 parts of water to the dry powder mixture in step 2), the water temperature is 8-10°C, and evacuate to an absolute pressure of less than 5KPa, and perform vacuum stirring under vacuum conditions for 2 minutes. minutes to obtain slurry A;
  • the preparation method of aerogel-modified concrete in this embodiment is basically the same as that in Embodiment 1, except that in step 2), the mixed aerogel is 5 parts, of which the amount of hydrophilic modified aerogel added is 1.67 parts, that is, the mass ratio of hydrophilic modified aerogel to hydrophobic aerogel is 1:2.
  • the preparation method of aerogel-modified concrete in this embodiment is basically the same as that in Embodiment 1, except that in step 2), the mixed aerogel is 10 parts, of which 5 parts are added as hydrophilic modified aerogel, and the mass ratio of hydrophilic modified aerogel to hydrophobic aerogel is 1:1.
  • the test shows that the compressive strength of the aerogel-modified concrete of this embodiment is 8.61 MPa, and the thermal conductivity is 0.138 W/(m ⁇ K), which are recorded in Table 1.
  • the preparation method of aerogel-modified concrete in this embodiment is basically the same as that in Embodiment 2, except that in step 2), the mixed aerogel is 10 parts, of which the hydrophilic modified aerogel is added in an amount of 3.33 parts, and the mass ratio of the hydrophilic modified aerogel to the hydrophobic aerogel is 1:2.
  • the test shows that the compressive strength of the aerogel-modified concrete of this embodiment is 8.83 MPa, and the thermal conductivity is 0.152 W/(m ⁇ K), which are recorded in Table 1.
  • the preparation method of aerogel-modified concrete in this embodiment is basically the same as that in Embodiment 1, except that in step 2), the mixed aerogel is 20 parts, of which 10 parts are added as hydrophilic modified aerogel, and the mass ratio of hydrophilic modified aerogel to hydrophobic aerogel is 1:1.
  • the test shows that the compressive strength of the aerogel-modified concrete of this embodiment is 5.12 MPa, and the thermal conductivity is 0.100 W/(m ⁇ K), which are recorded in Table 1.
  • the preparation method of aerogel-modified concrete in this embodiment is basically the same as that in Embodiment 3, except that in step 2), the mixed aerogel is 20 parts, of which the hydrophilic modified aerogel is added in an amount of 6.67 parts, and the mass ratio of the hydrophilic modified aerogel to the hydrophobic aerogel is 1:2.
  • the preparation method of aerogel-modified concrete in this embodiment is basically the same as that in embodiment 1, except that in step 2), the mixed aerogel is 15 parts, of which the hydrophilic modified aerogel is added in an amount of 7.5 parts, and the mass ratio of the hydrophilic modified aerogel to the hydrophobic aerogel is 1:1.
  • the test shows that the compressive strength of the aerogel-modified concrete of this embodiment is 6.52 MPa, and the thermal conductivity is 0.114 W/(m ⁇ K), which are recorded in Table 1.
  • the preparation method of aerogel modified concrete in this embodiment is basically the same as that in embodiment 4, except that in step 2), the mixed aerogel is 15 parts, of which the hydrophilic modified aerogel is added in an amount of 5 parts, and the mass ratio of hydrophilic modified aerogel to hydrophobic aerogel is 1:2.
  • the test shows that the aerogel modified concrete of this embodiment has a compressive strength of 6.75 MPa and a thermal conductivity of 0.125 W/(m ⁇ K), which are recorded in Table 1.
  • the preparation method of aerogel-modified concrete in this embodiment is basically the same as that in Embodiment 1, except that in step 2), the mixed aerogel is 25 parts, of which the hydrophilic modified aerogel is added in an amount of 12.5 parts, and the mass ratio of the hydrophilic modified aerogel to the hydrophobic aerogel is 1:1.
  • the preparation method of aerogel-modified concrete in this embodiment is basically the same as that in Embodiment 5, except that in step 2), the mixed aerogel is 25 parts, of which the hydrophilic modified aerogel is added in an amount of 8.3 parts, and the mass ratio of the hydrophilic modified aerogel to the hydrophobic aerogel is 1:2.
  • the test shows that the compressive strength of the aerogel-modified concrete of this embodiment is 4.42 MPa, and the thermal conductivity is 0.101 W/(m ⁇ K), which are recorded in Table 1.
  • the preparation method of the aerogel-modified concrete of this embodiment is basically the same as that of Example 1, except that only the hydrophilic modified aerogel of Preparation Example 1 is used in step A;
  • step B step 2) uses the hydrophilic modified aerogel of Preparation Example 1.
  • the preparation method of the aerogel-modified concrete of this embodiment is basically the same as that of Embodiment 1, except that only commercially available hydrophobic aerogel is used in step A;
  • step B step 2) uses commercially available hydrophobic aerogel.
  • This comparative example is basically the same as Example 2, except that:
  • step 3 the foam prepared in step 4) is also added, and no vacuum operation is performed. Stirring is performed directly at normal pressure for 5 minutes to directly obtain slurry B.
  • This comparative example is basically the same as Example 2-1, except that:
  • step 3 the foam prepared in step 4) is also added, and no vacuum operation is performed. Stirring is performed directly at normal pressure for 5 minutes to directly obtain slurry B.
  • step 3 the foam prepared in step 4) is also added, and no vacuum operation is performed. Stirring is performed directly at normal pressure for 5 minutes to directly obtain slurry B.
  • This comparative example is basically the same as Example 2, except that in step 2), only hydrophobic aerogel is used, and the addition amount thereof is 10 parts.
  • step 3 the foam prepared in step 4) is also added, and no vacuum operation is performed. Stirring is performed directly at normal pressure for 5 minutes to directly obtain slurry B.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种气凝胶改性混凝土的制备方法。本发明的制备方法包括：将气凝胶与混凝土的原料、辅料在真空搅拌的条件下混合后，再在常压条件下引入泡沫混合均匀，得到所述气凝胶改性混凝土。本发明先进行真空搅拌，然后加入发泡剂在常压条件下进行搅拌，有效克服了现有技术中因真空搅拌的引入而导致的发泡剂效果降低的问题。本发明的方法在达到较好的混合效果的同时还能完全发挥发泡剂的功能，制备得到了一种兼具显著提高的保温效果和强度的混凝土。

Description

一种气凝胶改性混凝土的制备方法 技术领域
本发明属于建筑保温隔热技术领域，涉及一种气凝胶改性混凝土的制备方法。
背景技术
随着人们对绿色节能的环保建筑的需求持续提高，而建筑保温材料的性能在很大程度上决定了建筑的能源消耗水平。泡沫混凝土是作为一种广泛应用的建筑保温材料，优化其隔热性能符合当前绿色可持续发展的需求。
气凝胶是一种具有三维网状结构，骨架和孔洞均为纳米级的轻质固态材料。具有比表面积大、孔隙率高、密度小、导热系数极低等优势，可提升传统保温材料的性能。
一些现有技术尝试将气凝胶加入混凝土中，以提高泡沫混凝土的隔热保温性能，但是气凝胶粉极轻，在混合过程中会悬浮在泡沫混凝土浆料上方，不易混合。亟需开发一种方法以实现气凝胶的有效添加，以期获得一种隔热和强度性能俱佳的改性泡沫混凝土。
为解决气凝胶粉与泡沫混凝土不易混合的问题，目前主要运用的方法包括增加搅拌时长、改变混合比例等，但现有方法大多只能改善气凝胶粉粒在泡沫混凝土浆料中的混合情况，无法有效实现混合均匀。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供如下技术方案：
一种气凝胶改性混凝土的制备方法，所述制备方法包括：将气凝胶与混凝土的原料、辅料在真空搅拌的条件下混合后，再在常压条件下引入泡沫并再次混合，得到所述气凝胶改性混凝土。
根据本发明的实施方案，真空搅拌的条件具体包括：在绝对压强小于5KPa 的条件下，进行搅拌；真空搅拌时间为不大于15min；搅拌温度为8℃～30℃。
根据本发明的实施方案，气凝胶的添加方式是将所述气凝胶加入改性混凝土的原料中。
根据本发明的实施方案，引入泡沫的方法包括直接加入发泡剂，或者将发泡剂与水混合后制备成泡沫。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述气凝胶改性混凝土的原料选自水泥，水泥包括硅酸盐水泥、铝酸盐水泥、硫铝酸盐水泥、氯氧镁水泥。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述气凝胶改性混凝土中，气凝胶与水泥的质量比为(0～30):100且所述气凝胶的含量不为0。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述气凝胶改性混凝土中，气凝胶的粒径为1nm-50nm。
根据本发明的实施方案，气凝胶选自亲水改性气凝胶和/或疏水气凝胶。
根据本发明的优选方案，所述气凝胶包括亲水改性气凝胶和疏水气凝胶，其中，亲水改性气凝胶与疏水气凝胶的质量比为100:(0～200)且所述疏水气凝胶的含量不为0。
优选地，所述亲水改性气凝胶与疏水气凝胶的质量比为100:(100～200)。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述亲水改性气凝胶是一种亲水改性气凝胶颗粒。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述亲水改性气凝胶与水的接触角小于90°。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述疏水气凝胶与水的接触角大于90°。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述辅料包括水，和下述物质中的至少一种：玻化微珠、减水剂、发泡剂和粉煤灰。
根据本发明的实施方案，以每100质量份水泥计，所述辅料的添加量为0.1～50质量份。
根据本发明的实施方案，以每100质量份水泥计，水为20～100质量份。
根据本发明的实施方案，以每100质量份水泥计，所述减水剂为0.01-20质量份。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述减水剂选自木质素磺酸钙、木质素磺酸钠、木质素磺酸镁、磺化三聚氰胺甲醛树脂、芳香族氨基磺酸盐聚合物、脂肪族羟基磺酸盐聚合物、HSB脂肪族高效减水剂、干酪素、聚羧酸系高性能减水剂、聚氧乙烯二油酸酯、四乙二醇单硬脂酸酯、四乙二醇单油酸酯、聚氧丙烯甘露醇二油酸酯、聚氧乙烯山梨醇羊毛脂油酸衍生物、聚氧乙烯山梨醇羊毛脂衍生物、聚氧丙烯硬脂酸酯、聚氧乙烯(5EO)羊毛醇醚、失水山梨醇月桂酸酯、聚氧乙烯脂肪酸、聚氧乙烯氧丙烯油酸酯、三乙基己基磷酸、十二烷基硫酸钠、甲基戊醇、纤维素衍生物、聚丙烯酰胺、古尔胶、脂肪酸聚乙二醇酯。
根据本发明的实施方案，以每100质量份水泥计，所述粉煤灰为0.5-20质量份。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述辅料还可以选自硅灰、磨细矿渣粉、磷渣粉中的一种或多种。
根据本发明的实施方案，优选地，所述粉煤灰选用国标GB/T 1596-2017《用于水泥和混凝土中的粉煤灰》中不低于Ⅱ级的粉煤灰。
根据本发明的实施方案，以每100质量份水泥计，所述玻化微珠为5～40质量份。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述增强纤维选自无机纤维和有机纤维。优选地，所述增强纤维应为短纤维，具体为纤维的长度为3mm-60mm。
根据本发明的实施方案，以每100质量份水泥计，所述增强纤维为0.5-5质量份。
根据本发明的实施方案，在所述真空搅拌前，水泥、辅料和气凝胶还进行预混合以得到均匀预混料。优选地，预混合时温度控制在8℃～30℃。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述发泡剂与所述水泥的质量比为0.1～10：100。
有益效果
1、本发明提出了一种气凝胶改性混凝土的制备方法，本发明中先进行真空搅拌，然后加入发泡剂在常压条件下进行搅拌，有效克服了现有技术中因真空 搅拌的引入而导致的发泡剂效果降低的问题。本发明的方法在达到较好的混合效果的同时还能完全发挥发泡剂的功能，制备得到了一种兼具显著提高的保温效果和强度的混凝土。
2、本发明进一步引入了亲水改性气凝胶，其更容易与混凝土浆料混合，另外，相比于未处理的疏水气凝胶，亲水改性气凝胶的保温性能更优。
3、为了解决混凝土中加入亲水改性气凝胶会带来混凝土强度降低的问题，本发明还提出了亲水改性气凝胶与疏水气凝胶混合使用的方案，在保持保温性能的前提下，保持强度不降低，即混合添加的气凝胶，既拥有较好的保温性能提升，混凝土的强度下降不多。
附图说明
图1为本发明的一种气凝胶改性混凝土的制备流程示意图。
图2为本发明的另一种气凝胶改性混凝土的制备流程示意图。
图3为本发明的气凝胶改性混凝土在不同的气凝胶添加份数下的抗压强度变化折线图。
图4为本发明的气凝胶改性混凝土在不同的气凝胶添加份数下的导热系数变化折线图。
具体实施方式
如前所述，本发明提供了一种气凝胶改性混凝土的制备方法，所述制备方法包括：将气凝胶与混凝土的原料、辅料在真空搅拌的条件下混合后，再在常压条件下引入泡沫，再次混合均匀，得到所述气凝胶改性混凝土。
发明人发现，虽然真空搅拌可以降低气凝胶飞溅的问题，但真空搅拌导致发泡剂效果降低的问题。因此，本发明中先进行真空搅拌，然后在常压条件下引入泡沫并进行搅拌，从而达到较好的混合效果的同时还能完全发挥发泡剂的功能，制备得到了一种兼具显著提高的保温效果和强度的混凝土。
根据本发明的实施方案，真空搅拌的条件具体包括：在绝对压强小于5KPa的条件下，进行搅拌；搅拌时间为不大于15min；搅拌温度为8℃～30℃。
根据本发明的实施方案，气凝胶的添加方式是将所述气凝胶加入混凝土的原料中。优选地，所述气凝胶可以分多次加入，从而缩短真空搅拌的时间。加入次数可根据实际情况选择，例如分2-10次加入。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述气凝胶改性混凝土的原料选自水泥，包括硅酸盐水泥、铝酸盐水泥、硫铝酸盐水泥、氯氧镁水泥。优选地，所述水泥选用42.5级及以上硅酸盐水泥。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述气凝胶改性混凝土中，气凝胶与水泥的质量比为(0～50):100且所述气凝胶的含量不为0，例如为5:100、10:100、15:100、20:100、25:100、30:100、35:100、40:100、45:100、50:100。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述气凝胶改性混凝土中，气凝胶的粒径为1nm-50nm，优选为20nm-50nm，例如为1nm、10nm、20nm、30nm、40mm或50nm。
根据本发明的实施方案，气凝胶选自亲水改性气凝胶和/或疏水气凝胶。
研究发现，当加入亲水改性气凝胶时，更容易与混凝土浆料混合，另外，相比于未处理的疏水气凝胶，亲水改性气凝胶的保温性能更优。
根据本发明的优选方案，所述气凝胶包括亲水改性气凝胶和疏水气凝胶，其中，亲水改性气凝胶与疏水气凝胶的质量比为100:(0～200)且所述疏水气凝胶的含量不为0。
研究发现，若混凝土中仅加入亲水改性气凝胶，会带来混凝土强度降低的问题，而若在添加亲水改性气凝胶的同时还引入疏水气凝胶，则可以在保持保温性能的前提下，保持强度不降低，即混合添加的气凝胶，既拥有较好的保温性能提升，混凝土的强度下降不多；且加入疏水型粉体作为添加料后，还可以提高混凝土浆料的分散性。
优选地，所述亲水改性气凝胶与疏水气凝胶的质量比为100:(150～200)，例如为100:150、100:160、100:170、100:180、100:190、100:200。研究发现，当疏水气凝胶与亲水改性气凝胶的质量比在上述范围内时，既可以保证所述气凝胶改性混凝土的保温性能，又可以维持所述气凝胶改性混凝土的机械强度。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述亲水改性气凝胶是一种亲水改性气凝胶颗粒。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述亲水改性气凝胶与水的接触角小于90°。优选地，所述亲水改性气凝胶的表面含有亲水基团，所述亲水基团选择本领域已知的基团，例如为羟基(-OH)。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述疏水气凝胶与水的接触角大于90°。优选地，所述疏水气凝胶的表面含有疏水基团，所述疏水基团选择本领域已知的基团，例如为烷氧基(-OR，R表示烷基)。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述辅料包括水，和下述物质中的至少一种：玻化微珠、减水剂、增强纤维、发泡剂和粉煤灰剂。示例性地，所述辅料包括水、玻化微珠、减水剂、增强纤维、发泡剂和粉煤灰。
根据本发明的实施方案，以每100质量份水泥计，所述辅料的添加量为0.1～50质量份。
根据本发明的实施方案，以每100质量份水泥计，水为20～100质量份，例如为20重量份、30质量份、40质量份、50质量份、60质量份、70质量份、80质量份、90质量份、100质量份。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述减水剂可以提高产品成型加工时流动性；且不影响产品的性能，且无毒、价格适宜。
根据本发明的实施方案，以每100质量份水泥计，所述减水剂为0.01-20质量份，例如为0.1重量份、1质量份、5质量份、10质量份、15质量份、20质量份。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述减水剂选自木质素磺酸钙、木质素磺酸钠、木质素磺酸镁、磺化三聚氰胺甲醛树脂、芳香族氨基磺酸盐聚合物、脂肪族羟基磺酸盐聚合物、HSB脂肪族高效减水剂、干酪素、聚羧酸系高性能减水剂、聚氧乙烯二油酸酯、四乙二醇单硬脂酸酯、四乙二醇单油酸酯、聚氧丙烯甘露醇二油酸酯、聚氧乙烯山梨醇羊毛脂油酸衍生物、聚氧乙烯山梨醇羊毛脂衍生物、聚氧丙烯硬脂酸酯、聚氧乙烯(5EO)羊毛醇醚、失水山梨醇月桂酸酯、聚氧乙烯脂肪酸、聚氧乙烯氧丙烯油酸酯、三乙基己基磷酸、十二烷基硫酸钠、甲 基戊醇、纤维素衍生物、聚丙烯酰胺、古尔胶、脂肪酸聚乙二醇酯。
根据本发明的实施方案，以每100质量份水泥计，所述玻化微珠为5～40质量份，例如为10重量份、20重量份、30重量份、40重量份。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述玻化微珠可选自本领域已知的材料，本发明中不做具体限定。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述增强纤维选自无机纤维和有机纤维，例如聚酯纤维、玻璃纤维、玄武岩纤维等。优选地，所述增强纤维应为短纤维，具体为纤维的长度为3mm-60mm，例如为10mm、20mm、30mm、40mm、50mm。
根据本发明的实施方案，以每100质量份水泥计，所述增强纤维为0.5-5质量份，例如为0.6重量份、0.7质量份、0.8质量份、0.9质量份。本发明中，将增强纤维作为骨架填充材料，以增加气凝胶改性混凝土的强度。
根据本发明的实施方案，在所述真空搅拌前，混凝土的原料、辅料和气凝胶还可以进行预混合以得到均匀预混料。优选地，预混合时温度控制在8℃～30℃。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述发泡剂与所述水泥的质量比为0.1～10：100，例如为0.1:100、5:100。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述发泡剂可选自本领域已知的发泡剂，例如选自松香树脂类发泡剂、合成类表面活性剂发泡剂、植物蛋白发泡剂、动物蛋白发泡剂、双氧水发泡剂、碳酸氢铵发泡剂、偶氮二甲酰胺发泡剂、铝粉发泡剂、烷基苯磺酸盐类发泡剂、脂肪醇磺酸盐类发泡剂。
具体的，所述发泡剂可以选自十二烷基硫酸钠、松香酸钠、三萜皂苷、α-烯基磺酸钠、水解废动物毛中的至少一种。
根据本发明的实施方案，以每100质量份水泥计，所述粉煤灰为0.5-20质量份。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述粉煤灰选自粉煤灰、硅灰、磨细矿渣粉、磷渣粉中的一种或多种。优选地，所述粉煤灰应为不低于Ⅱ级的粉煤灰。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述真空搅拌和搅拌分别在高速搅拌设备中进行，具体的，所述高速搅拌设备可以是高速磁力搅拌机、自落式搅拌机或强制式搅拌机。
根据本发明的实施方案，加入发泡剂混合均匀后，还可进一步进行硬化和养护。优选地，所述养护可选用本领域已知的方法进行。
示例性地，所述养护包括：混凝土遮盖和保湿养护。进一步地，所述保湿养护是指在20±2℃，相对湿度90％以上，养护7天以上。
本发明还提供上述制备方法得到的气凝胶改性混凝土。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述气凝胶改性混凝土的导热系数不高于0.40w/(m.k)，例如为0.3w/(m.k)、0.2w/(m.k)、0.1w/(m.k)、0.07w/(m.k)、0.05w/(m.k)。
根据本发明的实施方案，所述气凝胶改性混凝土的抗压强度为1～10MPa，例如为2MPa、3MPa、4MPa、5MPa、6MPa、7MPa、8MPa、9MPa。
下文将结合具体实施例对本发明的技术方案做更进一步的详细说明。应当理解，下列实施例仅为示例性地说明和解释本发明，而不应被解释为对本发明保护范围的限制。凡基于本发明上述内容所实现的技术均涵盖在本发明旨在保护的范围内。
除非另有说明，以下实施例中使用的原料和试剂均为市售商品，或者可以通过已知方法制备。
下述实施例中使用的试剂如下：
水泥：市售硅酸盐水泥即可，42.5级及以上硅酸盐水泥优选。
玻化微珠：粒径大小为100μm～300μm。
疏水气凝胶：中科润资科技股份有限公司，牌号RZF500或RZF1000。
减水剂：聚氧乙烯油酸酯，聚舜化工。
发泡剂：十二烷基苯磺酸钠，山东腾航新材料科技有限公司
制备例1
制备亲水改性气凝胶：
亲水改性方法1：取上述疏水气凝胶(中科润资科技股份有限公司，牌号RZF500或RZF1000)，在200～350℃条件下，加热1～10分钟，得到亲水改性气凝胶。
制备例2
制备亲水改性气凝胶：
亲水改性方法2：取上述疏水气凝胶(中科润资科技股份有限公司，牌号RZF500或RZF1000)，使用乙醇浸渍后并干燥，得到亲水改性气凝胶；可以是自然干燥或者加热烘干。加热烘干的条件是：在高温90～110℃，处理1～10分钟。
制备例2制备得到的亲水改性气凝胶的性能与制备例1基本相当，两种亲水改性方法均可以达到亲水改性的效果。
实施例1
气凝胶改性混凝土的制备方法如下：
A、制备混合气凝胶：将亲水改性气凝胶和疏水改性气凝胶按比例混合得到气凝胶；其中，混合气凝胶包括制备例1的亲水改性气凝胶和市购的疏水气凝胶，两者的质量比为1:1；
B、将步骤A得到的气凝胶与水泥、水、辅料和气凝胶预混合均匀后，在搅拌机中进行搅拌操作得到混凝土浆料；具体的制备方法如下(以下份数均指质量份)：
1)混凝土粉预处理：取市售混凝土粉过筛，经100～150目筛网过筛后，得到粒径为100～120目的混凝土粉；
2)干粉原料混合：将100份步骤1)的混凝土粉与5份混合气凝胶(其中含亲水改性气凝胶2.5份)、辅料在2～8℃条件下混合均匀，得到干粉混料，其中辅料包括：5份减水剂；
3)真空搅拌：向步骤2)的干粉混料中加入20-30份水，水温在8～10℃，并抽真空至绝对压强小于5KPa，维持真空情况下进行真空搅拌，搅拌时间2分 钟，得到浆料A；
4)制备泡沫：将3份发泡剂十二烷基硫酸钠与10份水混合发泡，制备成泡沫；
5)常压搅拌：向步骤3)得到的浆料A中加入步骤4)制备的泡沫，并再次进行常压搅拌(即搅拌环境为常压)，搅拌时间3分钟，得到浆料B；
C：将浆料B浇筑至模具或者涂抹至目标基体表面，并进行硬化与养护，具体包括：遮盖和保湿养护：养护环境温度为20±2℃，相对湿度90％以上，养护7天以上，得到所述气凝胶改性混凝土。
经测试可知，本实施例的气凝胶改性混凝土的抗压强度9.66Mpa，导热系数为0.208W/(m·K)，记录于表1中。
实施例1-1
本实施例的气凝胶改性混凝土的制备方法基本同实施例1，不同在于，步骤2)中，混合气凝胶为5份，其中，亲水改性气凝胶添加量1.67份，即亲水改性气凝胶和疏水气凝胶的质量比1:2。
经测试可知，本实施例的气凝胶改性混凝土的抗压强度9.80Mpa，导热系数为0.221W/(m·K)，记录于表1中。
实施例2
本实施例的气凝胶改性混凝土的制备方法基本同实施例1，不同在于，步骤2)中，混合气凝胶为10份，其中，亲水改性气凝胶添加量5份，亲水改性气凝胶和疏水气凝胶的质量比1:1。
经测试可知，本实施例的气凝胶改性混凝土的抗压强度8.61Mpa，导热系数为0.138W/(m·K)，记录于表1中。
实施例2-1
本实施例的气凝胶改性混凝土的制备方法基本同实施例2，不同在于，步骤2)中，混合气凝胶为10份，其中，亲水改性气凝胶添加量3.33份，亲水改性气凝胶和疏水气凝胶的质量比1:2。
经测试可知，本实施例的气凝胶改性混凝土的抗压强度8.83Mpa，导热系数为0.152W/(m·K)，记录于表1中。
实施例3
本实施例的气凝胶改性混凝土的制备方法基本同实施例1，不同在于，步骤2)中，混合气凝胶为20份，其中，亲水改性气凝胶添加量10份，亲水改性气凝胶和疏水气凝胶的质量比1:1。
经测试可知，本实施例的气凝胶改性混凝土的抗压强度5.12Mpa，导热系数为0.100W/(m·K)，记录于表1中。
实施例3-1
本实施例的气凝胶改性混凝土的制备方法基本同实施例3，不同在于，步骤2)中，混合气凝胶为20份，其中，亲水改性气凝胶添加量6.67份，亲水改性气凝胶和疏水气凝胶的质量比1:2。
经测试可知，本实施例的气凝胶改性混凝土的抗压强度5.38Mpa，导热系数为0.110W/(m·K)，记录于表1中。
实施例4
本实施例的气凝胶改性混凝土的制备方法基本同实施例1，不同在于，步骤2)中混合气凝胶为15份，其中，亲水改性气凝胶添加量7.5份，亲水改性气凝胶和疏水气凝胶的质量比1:1。
经测试可知，本实施例的气凝胶改性混凝土的抗压强度6.52Mpa，导热系数为0.114W/(m·K)，记录于表1中。
实施例4-1
本实施例的气凝胶改性混凝土的制备方法基本同实施例4，不同在于，步骤2)中混合气凝胶为15份，其中，亲水改性气凝胶添加量5份，亲水改性气凝胶和疏水气凝胶的质量比1:2。
经测试可知，本实施例的气凝胶改性混凝土的抗压强度6.75Mpa，导热系数为0.125W/(m·K)，记录于表1中。
实施例5
本实施例的气凝胶改性混凝土的制备方法基本同实施例1，不同在于，步骤2)中，混合气凝胶为25份，其中，亲水改性气凝胶添加量12.5份，亲水改性气凝胶和疏水气凝胶的质量比1:1。
经测试可知，本实施例的气凝胶改性混凝土的抗压强度4.20Mpa，导热系数为0.094W/(m·K)，记录于表1中。
实施例5-1
本实施例的气凝胶改性混凝土的制备方法基本同实施例5，不同在于，步骤2)中，混合气凝胶为25份，其中，亲水改性气凝胶添加量8.3份，亲水改性气凝胶和疏水气凝胶的质量比1:2。
经测试可知，本实施例的气凝胶改性混凝土的抗压强度4.42Mpa，导热系数为0.101W/(m·K)，记录于表1中。
实施例6
本实施例的气凝胶改性混凝土的制备方法基本同实施例1，不同在于，步骤A中仅采用制备例1的亲水改性气凝胶；
步骤B中，步骤2)使用的是制备例1的亲水改性气凝胶。
经测试可知，本实施例的气凝胶改性混凝土的抗压强度9.41Mpa，导热系数为0.176W/(m·K)，记录于表1中。
实施例7
本实施例的气凝胶改性混凝土的制备方法基本同实施例1，不同在于，步骤A中仅采用市购的疏水气凝胶；
步骤B中，步骤2)使用的是市购的疏水气凝胶。
经测试可知，本实施例的气凝胶改性混凝土的抗压强度10.01Mpa，导热系数为0.236W/(m·K)，记录于表1中。
对比例1
本对比例基本同实施例2，不同在于：
步骤3)中还加入步骤4)中制备的泡沫，并不进行抽真空操作，直接进行常压搅拌，搅拌时间5分钟，直接得到浆料B。
经测试可知，本对比例的气凝胶改性混凝土的抗压强度7.83Mpa，导热系数为0.184W/(m·K)，记录于表1中。
对比例2
本对比例基本同实施例2-1，不同在于：
步骤3)中还加入步骤4)中制备的泡沫，并不进行抽真空操作，直接进行常压搅拌，搅拌时间5分钟，直接得到浆料B。
经测试可知，本对比例的气凝胶改性混凝土的抗压强度8.03Mpa，导热系数为0.203W/(m·K)，记录于表1中。
对比例3
本对比例基本同实施例2，不同在于，步骤2)中仅使用亲水改性气凝胶，其添加量10份。
步骤3)中还加入步骤4)中制备的泡沫，并不进行抽真空操作，直接进行常压搅拌，搅拌时间5分钟，直接得到浆料B。
经测试可知，本对比例的气凝胶改性混凝土的抗压强度7.61Mpa，导热系数为0.158W/(m·K)，记录于表1中。
对比例4
本对比例基本同实施例2，不同在于，步骤2)中仅使用疏水气凝胶，其添加量10份。
步骤3)中还加入步骤4)中制备的泡沫，并不进行抽真空操作，直接进行常压搅拌，搅拌时间5分钟，直接得到浆料B。
经测试可知，本对比例的气凝胶改性混凝土的抗压强度8.16Mpa，导热系数为0.211W/(m·K)，记录于表1中。
表1
以上对本发明示例性的实施方式进行了说明。但是，本申请的保护范围不拘囿于上述实施方式。本领域技术人员在本发明的精神和原则之内，所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种气凝胶改性混凝土的制备方法，其特征在于，所述制备方法包括：将气凝胶与混凝土的原料、辅料在真空搅拌的条件下混合后，再在常压条件下引入泡沫后混合均匀，得到所述气凝胶改性混凝土。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述真空搅拌的条件具体包括：在绝对压强小于5KPa的条件下进行搅拌；搅拌时间为不大于15min；搅拌温度为8℃～30℃。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述混凝土的原料选自水泥；
    所述气凝胶改性混凝土中，气凝胶与混凝土的质量比为(0～30):100且所述气凝胶的含量不为0；
    所述气凝胶改性混凝土中，气凝胶的粒径为1nm-50nm；
    气凝胶选自亲水改性气凝胶和/或疏水气凝胶。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述气凝胶包括亲水改性气凝胶和疏水气凝胶，其中，亲水改性气凝胶与疏水气凝胶的质量比为100:(0～200)且所述疏水气凝胶的含量不为0。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述亲水改性气凝胶是一种亲水改性气凝胶颗粒；
    所述亲水改性气凝胶与水的接触角小于90°；
    所述疏水气凝胶与水的接触角大于90°。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述亲水改性气凝胶的制备方法为，将所述疏水气凝胶在200～350℃条件下加热1～10分钟制得。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述辅料包括水，和下述物质中的至少一种：玻化微珠、减水剂、粉煤灰、增强纤维；
    和/或，以每100质量份水泥计，所述辅料的添加量为0.1～200质量份。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的制备方法，其特征在于，以每100质量份水泥计，水为100～120质量份；
    和/或，以每100质量份水泥计，所述减水剂为0.01-5质量份；
    和/或，以每100质量份水泥计，所述玻化微珠为5-40质量份；
    和/或，以每100质量份水泥计，所述粉煤灰为0.5-20质量份；
    和/或，以每100质量份水泥计，所述增强纤维为0.5-5质量份。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述气凝胶改性混凝土的导热系数不高于0.30w/(m.k)。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述增强纤维选自无机纤维和有机纤维。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的制备方法，其特征在于，在所述真空搅拌前，混凝土的原料、辅料和气凝胶还进行预混合以得到均匀预混料。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述发泡剂与所述水泥的质量比为0.1～10：100。
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